基于Morlet小波与最大似然估计方法的降噪技术

采用与冲击信号匹配的Morlet小波作为小波基对信号进行小波变换,利用冲击信号的概率密度特征,结合最大似然估计的阈值方法进行降噪,以提取周期性的冲击信号。通过对减速箱故障信号进行降噪,提取出周期性的故障特征信号,表明该方法可以有效地去除强噪声干扰,提取振动冲击信号     

基于短时滑移模糊熵和LPP的轴承故障诊断

针对旋转机械设备的故障特征微弱和环境噪声强等问题,提出了一种基于短时滑移模糊熵和局部保留投影法(locality preserving projection,简称LPP)的故障特征提取方法。首先,通过对滑移截断短时序列的架构分析,引入多尺度复合模糊熵,获得信号在不同复合尺度下的特征信息和故障潜在特征,能准确反应信号复杂度和不确定性;其次,应用LPP流形降维并保留信号的局部数据特征,设计最优带通滤波器,对轴承振动信号进行故障冲击特征提取。仿真分析和实验数据结果验证了该方法在强背景噪声情况下降噪抑制方面的有效性,具有快速识别和提取滚动轴承的微弱冲击特征的能力。     

基于信号特征的复合字典多原子匹配算法研究

在经典匹配追踪算法的基础上,提出基于信号特征的复合字典多原子匹配的改进算法,并应用于轴承故障诊断领域。针对滚动轴承损伤性故障振动信号特点,构造高频段冲击时频特征原子库与低频段Fourier特征原子库相结合的复合字典。研究复合字典多原子匹配的稀疏分解及重构算法以用于提取故障特征,并在重构算法中引入阈值降噪原理。滚动轴承故障试验信号和工程信号分析结果证明,在冲击性故障特征提取效果上,基于信号特征的复合字典多原子匹配优于单原子匹配,并且硬阈值降噪处理效果优于无阈值处理效果。     

基于FSWT细化时频谱SVD降噪的冲击特征分离方法

为有效提取滚动轴承故障振动信号的故障冲击特征,提出了基于FSWT细化时频谱SVD降噪的冲击特征分离提取方法。首先对原始信号进行频率切片小波变换得到全频带下的时频分布,然后根据时频谱能量分布特点选择出感兴趣的时频区域,再以较高的时频分辨率对感兴趣的时频区域进行细化分析得到细化的时频谱,从而分割出含有故障特征时频区域。为克服噪声对细化时频谱精度的影响,FSWT细化分析过程融入SVD降噪,通过对FSWT细化时频谱系数矩阵进行奇异值差分谱阈值降噪,使得FSWT细化时频谱的冲击特征更加明显,最后通对降噪后的细化时频谱进行FSWT逆变换重构,分离出故障冲击信号。仿真分析和故障诊断实例表明,基于FSWT细化时频谱SVD降噪的冲击特征分离提取方法能够成功从低信噪比信号中提取出周期性的冲击特征,有效地实现对滚动轴承各种故障的诊断。     

基于MKurt MOMEDA的齿轮箱复合故障特征提取

针对齿轮箱中旋转零部件的故障信号是周期性的冲击信号这一特性,提出了一种基于多点峭度(multipoint kurtosis,简称MKurt)和多点最优最小熵反褶积(multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted,简称MOMEDA)的齿轮箱复合故障特征提取方法。利用MKurt可以有效提取齿轮箱中被噪声淹没的冲击性振动信号的周期,实现对振动信号振动源的追踪。根据故障的周期设置合理的周期区间,通过MOMEDA对原信号进行降噪,进一步提取原信号的周期性冲击。通过仿真信号和实测数据的分析和验证,证明了MKurt-MOMEDA方法可以准确有效地诊断齿轮箱复合故障故障特征。     

基于形态分量分析的希尔伯特变换在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

形态分量分析是一种基于信号形态多样性和信号稀疏表示的信号处理方法。滚动轴承故障信号具有振幅呈指数衰减与环境噪声大的特点。通过构建一个对冲击信号敏感的字典,利用形态分量分析对轴承故障信号的时域形态特征进行最优化稀疏表示,得到滚动轴承冲击信号。并对形态分量分析后的冲击信号进行希尔伯特变换,得到明确的故障特征频率及其倍频。仿真分析与实验结果表明：该方法具有良好的降噪功能,能够准确地提取滚动轴承故障信号中的早期冲击特征。     

基于MOMEDA和包络谱的齿轮微弱故障特征提取

复合故障下的齿轮微弱故障易被强故障掩盖而出现漏诊现象,对齿轮复合故障下的微弱故障特征提取进行研究。首先采用多点优化最小熵解卷积调整(Multipoint Optimal Minimum Entropy Deconvolution Adjusted,MOMEDA)作为前置滤波器对原信号进行降噪,增强信号中的周期性冲击成分,然后进行Hilbert变换得到包络谱;通过分析其中明显的频率成分识别故障,实现微弱故障特征的提取。仿真信号和变速器故障诊断实例表明,该方法能有效实现齿轮微弱故障特征提取。     

基于CPFs的齿轮箱复合故障特征提取

由于方法选择不当,齿轮箱中复合故障的特征提取会出现漏诊断或误诊断现象,LMD(Local mean deconvolution)对信号分解时由于噪声影响,会出现EMD(Empirical mode decomposition)相似的模态混叠现象,常导致能量泄漏或误诊现象。提出了一种CPFs-MOMEDA(Combined physical functions-Multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted)的齿轮箱复合故障诊断方法。首先通过LMD对原信号降噪,得到一系列的PFs,通过相关系数法剔除虚假分量和残余成分;计算每层PF(Production function)的多点峭度,提取故障特征周期,将不含周期性冲击的PFs二次剔除,为了保持原信号的完整性,通过组合乘积函数方法重新组合具有相同周期的PF;最后设定不同的周期区间,通过MOMEDA对组合后的信号降噪,进一步提取故障特征。并将此方法应用在齿轮箱复合故障特征提取中,验证了此方法的可行性。     

基于AIF和TT的滚动轴承复合故障诊断

针对滚动轴承复合故障模式下的微弱特征难以提取的问题,提出了基于自适应迭代滤波（adaptive iterative filtering,简称AIF）和改进的时时变换（time?time transform,简称TT）的滚动轴承复合故障诊断方法。首先,采用AIF将信号分解,得到一系列本征模态分量,并以最大相关峭度作为评价准则,筛选出其中的特征分量,实现滚动轴承复合故障振动信号的特征分离;其次,利用改进的时时变换方法对特征分量进行降噪,增强特征分量的冲击特征;最后,对降噪的特征分量进行包络谱分析,提取故障特征频率,实现滚动轴承故障模式的精确判别。仿真实验和故障诊断实例表明,该方法可以有效提取滚动轴承复合故障模式下的微弱特性信息。     

基于小波降噪与RSSD的滚动轴承故障特征提取技术研究

滚动轴承故障振动信号呈现出非线性、非平稳性及噪声背景较强等特点,为了有效提取故障特征,提出了一种小波降噪与共振稀疏分解(Resonance-based sparse signal decomposition,RSSD)相结合的振动信号特征提取技术。共振稀疏分解是基于品质因子可调小波变换与形态分量分析的一种新的信号分解方法,与常规的基于频带划分的信号分解方法不同,它依据信号各分量的振荡形态不同对信号进行分解。先通过小波阈值降噪方法明显减小信号中的噪声,随后对降噪后的信号进行共振稀疏分解,将信号分为不同共振特性的分量,即具有持续振荡特性的高共振分量和具有瞬态冲击特性的低共振分量。最后通过对分解所得到的低共振分量采用Hilbert包络解调方法提取冲击故障特征。将该方法分别应用于仿真信号和轴承实验台故障冲击性实例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.