改性活性棉织物的纳米银原位组装抗菌整理

为实现纳米银在棉织物上的定向原位组装,以及纳米银抗菌纺织品的绿色、简便、高效、可循环的加工工艺,通过对棉织物进行氧化处理并接枝"核-壳"结构的改性聚酰胺超支化聚合物,制备了具有主动捕捉银离子、还原银离子、控制纳米银粒径、固着纳米银功能的活性棉织物。利用改性活性棉织物进行纳米银原位组装,对整理后的棉织物进行了表征,测试了其抗菌性能及耐洗性。结果表明:通过氧化、接枝处理能够将聚合物接枝到棉织物上,并且棉织物的活性改性处理对织物的力学性能影响不大。改性后的活性棉织物能够进行连续加工整理,整理过程实现零排放。整理后的棉织物纤维表面分布着大量5~25 nm的纳米银颗粒,其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率均在99.9%以上,且具有优异的耐洗牢度。     

MHBP-OH纳米银的制备及其对棉织物的长效抗菌整理

为了有效控制制备纳米银,本文对端氨基超支化聚合物(HBP-NH2)进行了接枝改性,制备了"核-壳"结构的改性超支化聚合物(MHBP-OH)。利用其在水溶液中制备了纳米银,并将其接枝到棉织物中原位控制生成纳米银,以实现对棉织物的抗菌整理。对生成的纳米银进行了表征,并对原位生成纳米银整理的棉织物进行了测试。结果表明:水溶液中控制生成的纳米银平均粒径为3.82 nm,并具有优异的稳定性,棉织物中原位生成的纳米银粒径在10 nm左右,在棉纤维上分布均匀,当银含量为146.26 mg/kg时,整理后的棉织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别达到99.76%和99.62%,30次洗涤后,银含量仍保持在126.61 mg/kg。     

棉纤维的氨基化改性及长效抗菌功能加工研究

本文通过氧化活化棉纤维并接枝端氨基超支化聚合物制备了氨基化改性棉纤维及织物,利用改性棉纤维中丰富氨基对银离子的络合、还原作用原位控制生成纳米银实现了对棉织物的高效抗菌整理;比较研究了原棉和氨基化棉织物原位生成纳米银整理的效果。结果表明,氨基化棉纤维原位生成的纳米银粒径远小于原棉纤维,且氨基化棉织物整理后纳米银的耐洗牢度较高,能够保持对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌99.9%以上的抑菌率。     

改性聚乙烯亚胺/纳米银的制备及其在棉织物中的应用

为了提高聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)还原制备纳米银的能力,增加纳米银水溶液稳定性,采用化学接枝改性PEI,并探讨改性聚乙烯亚胺(MPEI)还原、控制纳米银生成的机制,实现对棉织物的抗菌整理。红外光谱分析结果表明,通过化学反应,成功将羧酸根离子和酰胺键引入PEI长链分子;X射线衍射、紫外-可见光光谱和粒径测试结果表明,MPEI能高效还原制备纳米银,所制备的纳米银溶液在1个月内保持稳定;透射电子显微镜测试结果表明,MPEI制备的纳米银尺寸呈双峰分布,生成2 nm左右的超小型纳米颗粒和10 nm左右的纳米颗粒;在常温常压条件下,棉织物通过MPEI/纳米银溶液浸渍整理,得到的抗菌棉织物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到95%以上。     

微波原位生成纳米ZnO整理棉织物实验研究

本文利用改性超支化聚合物PNP和Zn（NO3）2为原料,通过微波法在棉织物中原位控制生成纳米ZnO,实现对织物的功能化整理。优化了其整理工艺,对整理后的棉织物进行了表征,测试了整理棉织物的抗紫外和抗菌性能。     

麦芽糖纳米银的制备及其对棉织物的改性研究

制备了麦芽糖纳米银溶液,利用激光粒度仪(HPPS)和透射电镜(TEM)考察了麦芽糖纳米银的尺寸及分布。用制备的麦芽糖纳米银溶液对棉织物进行整理,研究了织物的白度、抗菌性能和耐洗性能。结果表明,生成的麦芽糖纳米银的平均粒径在20nm左右,且分散性和均匀性好;抗菌实验表明整理后的棉织物具有很好的抗菌效果。经50次洗涤后,抑菌率在98%以上,说明织物具有优异的抗菌耐洗性。     

甲基丙烯酰胺接枝棉织物纳米银抗菌整理

针对目前棉织物纳米银抗菌整理存在银离子利用率低和耐水洗性差的问题,采用棉织物甲基丙烯酰胺接枝、硝酸银浸渍和汽蒸整理工艺,制备纳米银抗菌整理织物。研究整理工艺因素对硝酸银利用率、整织物纳米银含量以及抗菌性能的影响,考察整理织物的耐洗性。实验结果表明：甲基丙烯酰胺接枝可提高硝酸银利用率和织物纳米银含量,接枝率15.05%时,硝酸银利用率最大,织物纳米银含量最高;硝酸银浓度0.1mM时,整理织物纳米银含量为102.9 mg/kg,大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌抑菌率均达到99.9%,50次洗涤后,银含量保留率为83.19%,两种菌种的抑菌率仍超过97%。研究表明甲基丙烯酰胺接枝、硝酸银浸渍和汽蒸的纳米银整理工艺,银离子利用率高,整理织物具有优异的抗菌及耐洗涤性能。     

纳米氧化亚铜/还原氧化石墨烯负载棉织物的制备及性能研究

通过抗坏血酸还原法在氧化石墨烯复合织物上原位生成氧化亚铜,获得氧化亚铜/还原氧化石墨烯整理的功能性棉织物。通过研究发现GO和Cu_2O在棉织物表面上产生复合,整理后棉织物的平均UPF超过50,具有优异的抗紫外性能。此外,整理后的棉织物抑菌率达到了99%,具有显著的抗菌效果。     

纳米银负载对棉织物活性染料染色的影响

为推广纳米银抗菌整理在棉织物染整加工中的应用,采用在位还原法在棉织物上还原银氨溶液生成纳米银并将其与染色相结合,探究纳米银负载对染料上染率以及先染色后整理和先整理后染色工艺对织物色光的影响,测试染色织物水洗后的色光变化和抗菌、耐水洗性能。结果表明,纳米银负载对上染率的影响主要与银氨溶液浓度、染料结构有关。银氨溶液浓度增加导致织物色光变化明显,且先染色后整理的织物变化更为严重。2种工艺处理的棉织物均具有良好的抗菌性和耐水洗性能,而断裂强力则下降15%左右。     

RSD还原纳米银整理真丝织物性能

以不同质量浓度的多氨基化合物(RSD)与硝酸银的混合溶液整理真丝织物,采用汽蒸法将银离子原位还原为纳米银,制备纳米银真丝织物,测试整理真丝织物的抗菌、染色、抗紫外和力学性能以及白度.结果表明:整理真丝织物具有良好的抗菌性能及抗紫外性能,活性染料兰纳素的染色性能得到较大提高,甚至可达无盐染色的效果,整理织物白度变化较小,力学性能略有下降.     

一步法原位生成纳米Ag-ZnO复合整理棉织物

为了实现对纺织品的多功能化整理,本文以棉织物为研究对象,利用端氨基超支化聚合物HBP-NH2通过微波法在织物中一步原位控制生成了纳米Ag-ZnO,研究了整理后棉织物的抗菌和抗紫外性能等。结果表明：HBP-NH2具有多重作用,能够同时与Ag+和Zn2+反应控制生成纳米Ag和纳米ZnO。利用不同浓度整理液整理棉织物,可以获得不同纳米Ag和纳米ZnO含量的棉织物。XRD、XPS和SEM分析表明纳米纳米Ag和纳米ZnO成功整理到棉织物中,粒径为30～120nm。纳米Ag-ZnO复合整理棉织物同时赋予了其优异的抗菌和抗紫外性能,整理后的棉织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率均达到了99.99%。另外,复合整理还能改善纳米Ag整理对棉织物白度的影响。     

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Exhaustion on Cotton Fabric Simultaneously Using Laser Ablation Method

ABSTRACT

In this experimental research, the silver nanoparticles were synthesized on cotton fabric using laser ablation method in the same bath. Also the effects of the size of silver nanoparticles (NPs) on the structural and antibacterial properties of silver NP-coated cotton fabric have been investigated experimentally. A pulsed laser beam was used for synthesis of Ag NPs on cotton fabric. Pulses of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser of 1064 nm wavelengths at 7 ns pulse width and different fluencies was employed to irradiate the Ag target in deionized water in the presence of cotton fabric. Four samples were prepared using different laser fluencies. The amount, size, morphology, and structure of produced NPs were studied using their spectrum in the range of UV to IR, and scanning electron microscopy methods. Fabrics were polluted by gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The colony counting method was used to investigate the antibacterial activity of prepared cotton samples. Results show that laser ablation for synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on cotton fabric is an inexpensive fast method for producing antibacterial fabrics.     

新型纳米银抗菌棉织物的制备及其性能检测

利用纤维素大分子自身的还原性和分散性,原位还原硝酸银溶液,制备得到了纳米银抗菌棉织物。采用紫外一可见分光光度计（UV-vis）、原子吸收光谱（AAS）、分光仪等测试了反应时间对棉织物表面银负载量和织物色差的影响,并进一步评价了所得纳米银棉织物的抗菌活性以及其细胞毒性。结果表明,处理后织物在422nm处存在光吸收峰,说明织物表面沉积颗粒为纳米银粒子,且均匀分布在织物纤维表面;当反应时间由10min延长至50min时,织物表面银粒子负载量由0．6890mg／g增加至1．3561mg／g,而织物颜色由原来的白色逐渐变为浅黄色。抗菌活性测试表明,纳米银抗菌棉织物具有优良的抗菌效果及耐洗涤性能,经20次循环洗涤后,其对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄球菌的抑菌率仍分别高达98．5％和94．3％。细胞毒性测试表明,此抗菌织物对小鼠MC3T3-E1细胞为低毒性材料,细胞相容性较好。     

Development of antibacterial fabrics by treatment with Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles

This paper deals with the antibacterial properties of nonwoven Co/PET and PP fabrics and woven cotton fabrics treated with the pad-dry-cure (PDC) and electrospray processes. Firstly, the surface modification of nonwoven Co/PET and PP fabrics was carried out to obtain their hydrophilicity by RF-plasma system using acrylic acid as the monomer. Subsequently, Ag-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared by sol–gel and chemical reduction processes using titanium isopropoxide and silver nitrate as precursor were applied to the fabric samples by PDC and electrospray processes. The effect of different synthesis processes of the nanoparticles and various application processes on their antibacterial efficiency was investigated. After RF-plasma pretreatment, the absorbency properties of the fabric samples were measured. The antibacterial activity of fabric samples against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was determined qualitatively and quantitatively according to AATCC Method 147 and AATCC Method 100, respectively. The microstructural characteristics and surface morphology of the fabric samples were investigated by SEM-EDX and FTIR-ATR analyses. These results suggest that Ag-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by the chemical reduction process imparted good and durable antibacterial activity to nonwoven Co/PET and PP fabrics and woven cotton fabrics for use in wall textiles.     

用无机纳米粒子制备耐久性抗菌棉织物的研究进展

为有效地解决无机纳米粒子制备的抗菌棉织物耐久性能不佳的问题,提高无机纳米粒子的整理技术,对黏结剂结合棉织物表面无机纳米粒子耐久抗菌性能的最新研究进展进行综述,介绍了抗菌耐久性的评价方法、黏结剂固化无机纳米粒子在棉织物表面的后整理方法等,并分析了耐久性,对影响耐久性的因素以及抗菌效率、抗菌效率下降趋势和洗涤过程中无机纳米粒子的损失进行了阐述与分析。指出:氨基和巯基基团可与无机纳米粒子形成配位键,有效地将无机纳米粒子固定在棉织物表面上;微波辐射和超声波可应用于增强无机纳米粒子在棉织物表面的黏附力。     

棉织物纳米银抗菌整理

探讨了纳米银系无机抗菌剂应用于棉织物的抗菌整理工艺，测定了整理织物的抗菌效率、白度及耐洗性;利用X-射线衍射法测定处理前后棉纤维的结晶度，采用扫描电镜观察抗菌织物的纤维表面形态.试验结果表明，整理织物的抗菌效率可达99.9 %，织物上银含量为82 mg/kg，整理效果的耐洗性较好.     

Plasma sputtering as a novel method for improving fastness and antibacterial properties of dyed cotton fabrics

Improving the fastness properties and antibacterial activity of dyed cotton samples is the main goal of this research work. First, cotton fabrics were dyed with various types of dyestuffs such as direct, vat, and reactive. Then, prepared samples were sputtered using plasma sputtering system for 15?s by silver and copper. In this study, we have used a DC magnetron sputtering system for deposition of metal nanolayer on the surface of samples. Samples were placed on the anode. The cathode particles were scattered by attacking active ions, radicals, and electrons. After plasma treatment, the reflection factor of sputtered samples was measured using reflective spectrophotometer. Also wash and light fastness properties of both sputtered and non-sputtered samples were compared according to ISO standards. The antibacterial efficiency was determined by bacterial counting test. The antibacterial properties of the fabrics were connected with the presence of metal on their surface. Silver or copper particles were deposited on the surface of cotton samples, and the antibacterial activity has been developed, through incorporation of metal nanoparticles on fabric surfaces. The results show that sputtering technique can be a novel method for improving the fastness properties of dyed cotton samples.