改进粒子群算法的环形薄壁零件铣削参数优化

针对某环形薄壁零件在加工过程中的零件局部变形过大的问题,提出了改进粒子群算法的环形薄壁零件铣削参数优化方法。采用有限元软件,对局部变形大的区域进行仿真,得到仿真出的铣削力;通过Design-Expert13中正交实验响应曲面法建立加工参数与铣削力之间的目标函数,采用改进的粒子群算法对目标函数进行优化,最后通过对优化后的加工参数与经验加工参数进行实验对比。结果表明：采用改进粒子群算法的环形薄壁零件铣削参数优化的方法,可使零件局部变形大的区域的铣削力减小24.9%,有效降低了环形薄壁零件的变形量,为技术人员在选择该环形薄壁铣削参数时,提供了新的参考方案。     

切削参数对弯曲薄壁件变形规律的有限元仿真

钛合金薄壁件在切削加工时易产生弹性变形,降低薄壁件的加工质量。针对钛合金弯曲薄壁零件加工易变形的问题,建立了薄壁零件的有限元模型,研究了刀具在加工零件时不同位置和不同切削参数下对薄壁零件铣削变形的影响,确定了零件的最大变形点,并运用多指标正交试验确立了最优的刀具切削参数。     

基于整车车门薄壁模拟块的铣削力模型研究

针对汽车功能主模型检具中的车门薄壁模拟块高速铣削工况,提出了四因素四水平的正交试验方案,运用多元线性回归方法建立了螺旋刃球头铣刀的铣削力经验指数模型。通过正交试验表,初步分析了各铣削参数对铣削力的影响,并采取进一步试验,验证了模型的精度,给出了初步优化参数。铣削力经验指数模型的建立在为加工现场提供快速铣削力计算方法的同时,也为同类薄壁件高速铣削加工有限元模拟和变形控制方案的研究提供可靠的力边界条件。     

基于灰色关联决策的薄壁铣削变形预测研究

提出一种基于灰色预测的铝合金薄壁件铣削变形量的评价方法,能够同时考虑影响铣削变形量的多种工艺因素变化。为探讨多因素耦合的薄壁铣削工艺参数对薄壁变形量的影响程度及优化预测,利用正交试验采集部分样本数据,采用灰色关联法对薄壁铣削工艺参数进行优势因素分析,利用灰色决策优化工艺试验方案获得最优工艺参数,最后建立了针对铝合金薄壁件铣削工艺参数的灰色多元预测模型,并对该预测模型的预测效果和精度进行分析验证。     

基于多岛遗传算法的环形薄壁铝合金零件铣削参数优化

在对环形薄壁铝合金零件进行铣削加工过程时,薄壁铝合金零件局部区域存在变形量大的问题,为此,提出了一种采用多岛遗传算法对薄壁零件铣削参数进行优化的方法.采用有限元分析软件,对该区域进行了三维铣削仿真,获取了铣削力参数;基于Isight平台,以铣削力为优化目标,以主轴转速、径向切深、轴向切深3个铣削参数作为优化变量,采用最...     

铝合金航空薄壁框铣削变形预测研究

铝合金航空薄壁框刚性差,铣削加工过程中极易产生加工变形,影响工件加工精度和生产成本。本文利用有限元方法,模拟分析了铣削力对航空薄壁框类零件加工变形的影响,从控制航空薄壁框铣削加工变形的角度出发,分析了不同框体尺寸航空薄壁框的铣削应力与加工变形情况,得到了加工变形规律。本研究可为预测和控制航空薄壁框类零件的加工变形提供方法和依据,对航空薄壁框类零件的结构设计、缩短研制周期和进一步提高生产率等都具有重要意义。     

基于响应面法的薄壁件铣削参数有限元优化

铝镁合金薄壁结构件在航空工业中广泛应用,但在其加工过程中常因为刚度不足而引起变形。针对上述问题,提出一种基于响应面法的铣削加工参数有限元仿真方法,可有效控制变形及加工质量。对圆柱螺旋立铣刀的铣削加工过程建立刀具平均切削力模型,并将该模型应用于有限元仿真试验。通过对Box-Behnken法设计的四因素三水平试验结果进行分析,探讨了切削速度、切削深度、切削宽度和每齿进给量等4个因素与切削变形的关系。同时,以工程中的典型薄壁结构件为例,优化了该类薄壁结构件的铣削参数,经有限元仿真验证,该优化方法能够有效控制铣削过程的变形。     

ABAQUS二次开发在列车薄壁框体零件铣削变形预测中的应用

针对列车薄壁框体零件在铣削加工中易产生变形且变形无法直接预测的难题,通过Python脚本语言对ABAQUS有限元软件进行二次开发,将实际铣削力简化为静态铣削力,建立了人机交互、参数化建模的“日”型薄壁框体零件铣削变形预测插件,利用插件对比研究了无填充情况以及分别使用纯石蜡、聚氨酯填充加固后的零件侧壁铣削加工变形量。结果表明：纯石蜡填充加固变形最小,聚氨酯泡沫填充加固次之,无填充时加工变形最大。该研究为减小框类零件加工制造过程中的铣削变形提供了方法,同时为其他相关领域的二次开发提供参考。     

薄壁铝合金箱体零件数控加工技术研究

针对某薄壁铝合金箱体零件因侧壁过薄易装夹变形与铣削变形导致精度降低的问题,设计了专用夹具并进行有限元分析,使装夹变形量从0.015 7 mm减小到0.005 98 mm,减小了61.9%;通过Design-Expert软件建立参数样本并生成目标函数,采用人工蜂群算法对目标函数进行优化,获取了一组铣削合力最小的铣削参数组合并输出预测值,利用ABAQUS软件对所输出参数进行仿真模拟,使铝合金薄壁箱体的铣削合力减小了35.3%;最后进行了实际加工实验,对零件尺寸进行测量,均符合公差范围。研究表明该方法对薄壁铝合金箱体零件提高加工尺寸精度有重要意义。     

薄壁零件数控加工工艺优化方法

薄壁零件因具有轻型、节能等优势,而成为航空航天工业中应用的基础,但限于其结构复杂、刚性差等,在数控加工中很难控制其质量,且因为工艺参数、加工位置等设置不合理而面临着变形的问题,由此影响加工效能、增加成本,为实现薄壁零件数控加工的定量分析,以精准把控质量,本文将以铣削加工工艺为研究对象,采用ansysis17.0有限元分析软件对薄壁零件数控加工过程进行数学建模和仿真分析,从中得出刀具位置、刀具几何参数及铣削力对变形的影响,为工艺优化提供有效支撑。     

基于正交切削模拟的零件铣削加工变形预测研究

提出了基于正交切削模拟的零件铣削加工变形的预测方法,建立了三维铣削加工的有限元模型。基于正交切削加工模拟结果,利用铣削温度、铣削力的分析模型求解了三维铣削加工的瞬态温度和瞬态切削力,并将其作为动态载荷应用于三维切削加工的有限元模型,模拟了零件的三维铣削加工过程,预测了零件的变形。通过模拟结果与现场加工情况对比,证明该预测方法是行之有效的。     

Comparison and analysis of main effect elements of machining distortion for aluminum alloy and titanium alloy aircraft monolithic component

Main effect elements of machining distortion for aluminum alloy and titanium alloy aircraft monolithic component are investigated by finite element simulation and experiment. Based on an analysis of milling process characters, finite element models of machining distortion are developed. Considering the action of initial residual stress, finite element simulation and analysis of machining distortion for aluminum alloy aircraft monolithic component are performed. Initial residual stress, cutting loads, and coupling action of these two effect factors are taken into account, respectively, to perform finite element simulations of machining distortion for titanium alloy aircraft monolithic component. The finite element simulation results are compared with experiment results and found to be in good agreement, indicating the validation of the proposed finite element models. The research results show that the initial residual stress in the blank is the main effect element of machining distortion for aluminum alloy aircraft monolithic component, while cutting loads (including cutting force and temperature) are the main effect element of machining distortion for titanium alloy aircraft monolithic component. To decrease machining distortion of aluminum alloy aircraft monolithic component, the initial residual stress in the blank must be controlled first. Similarly, to decrease machining distortion of titanium alloy aircraft monolithic component, the cutting loads must be controlled first.     

实时振动数据驱动的薄壁件平铣工艺参数自适应优化

为减小加工振动对薄壁件平铣(端面盘铣)加工质量及效率的影响,提出一种实时铣削振动数据驱动的平铣工艺参数自适应优化方法。首先根据再生效应原理建立薄壁件平铣颤振稳定性模型。其次将薄壁件平铣过程中前一个工步内的实测振动数据分为若干段,以此模拟其材料去除过程,对各段铣削振动数据进行分析,由有限元单位力法和优化STD法分别识别出薄壁件刚度和各材料去除阶段模态频率及阻尼比,并由此导出薄壁件单模态频响函数,将其代入颤振稳定性模型求解稳定域叶瓣图并做插值处理后即可确定包含材料去除信息的薄壁件三维颤振稳定域叶瓣图。基于此,以避免铣削颤振、共振和满足机床性能要求为约束条件,以材料去除率最大为目标,利用遗传算法计算薄壁件下一个工步较优的工艺参数,如此循环进行,直到完成薄壁件加工。最后,通过某型飞机垂尾薄壁装配界面平铣试验验证该方法的可行性和有效性。由试验结果可看出,采用优化后的加工工艺参数,能使薄壁装配界面粗加工过程表面粗糙度从Ra 3.2提升为Ra 1.6,加工效率提高33%。     

Cutting deflection control of the blade based on real-time feedrate scheduling in open modular architecture CNC system

Machining accuracy of thin-walled parts which have low-rigidity is greatly influenced by cutting deflection in flank milling. In this paper, cutting deflection of aero-engine blade during processing is controlled within a required dimensional accuracy based on the strategy of real-time feedrate scheduling which is integrated into an open modular architecture CNC system (OMACS) of five-axis milling machine. The maximum deflection position of blade is determined through combining analytical cutting force model in flank milling and finite element analysis (FEA)-based transient dynamic analysis. Then, the numerical model of blade deflection is established to obtain the numerical relationship among feedrate, cutting force, and blade deflection, which is usually used to get optimized cutting force and feedrate by setting allowable value of blade deflection. To implement blade deflection control during machining, a real-time control strategy of feedrate scheduling based on nonlinear root-finding algorithm of Brent-Dekker and principle of feedrate smooth transition is developed and integrated into OMACS which has functions of real-time cutting force signal processing and real-time feedrate adjustment. Experimental results show that blade deflection is effectively controlled by proposed strategies, machining accuracy, and efficiency are improved.     

INFLUENCE OF MATERIAL REMOVAL ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES IN PERIPHERAL MILLING

Machining is a material removal process that alters the dynamic properties during machining operations. The peripheral milling of a thin-walled structure generates vibration of the workpiece and this influences the quality of the machined surface. A reduction of tool life and spindle life can also be experienced when machining is subjected to vibration. In this paper, the linearized stability lobes theory allows us to determine critical and optimal cutting conditions for which vibration is not apparent in the milling of thin-walled workpieces. The evolution of the mechanical parameters of the cutting tool, machine tool and workpiece during the milling operation are not taken into account. The critical and optimal cutting conditions depend on dynamic properties of the workpiece. It is illustrated how the stability lobes theory is used to evaluate the variation of the dynamic properties of the thin-walled workpiece. We use both modal measurement and finite element method to establish a 3D representation of stability lobes. The 3D representation allows us to identify spindle speed values at which the variation of spindle speed is initiated to improve the surface finish of the workpiece.     

INFLUENCE OF MATERIAL REMOVAL ON THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES IN PERIPHERAL MILLING

Machining is a material removal process that alters the dynamic properties during machining operations. The peripheral milling of a thin-walled structure generates vibration of the workpiece and this influences the quality of the machined surface. A reduction of tool life and spindle life can also be experienced when machining is subjected to vibration. In this paper, the linearized stability lobes theory allows us to determine critical and optimal cutting conditions for which vibration is not apparent in the milling of thin-walled workpieces. The evolution of the mechanical parameters of the cutting tool, machine tool and workpiece during the milling operation are not taken into account. The critical and optimal cutting conditions depend on dynamic properties of the workpiece. It is illustrated how the stability lobes theory is used to evaluate the variation of the dynamic properties of the thin-walled workpiece. We use both modal measurement and finite element method to establish a 3D representation of stability lobes. The 3D representation allows us to identify spindle speed values at which the variation of spindle speed is initiated to improve the surface finish of the workpiece.     

薄壁柱壳零件的加工稳定性分析

根据薄壁柱壳在切削加工中的力学特点,应用有限元软件ANSYS建立了一类悬臂柱壳结构的有限元模型。对不同几何参数、切削力作用点和切削分力时柱壳的稳定性进行了分析。结果表明在切削力一定的情况下,较小曲率半径、弦长和壁厚的柱壳结构易发生屈曲变形;同时当几何参数不变时,合理设计各分力比例和装夹方式能够有效避免失稳。     

Predictive framework for cutting force induced cylindricity error estimation in end milling of thin-walled components

The static deflections of cutting tool and workpiece are the primary source for the deviation of machined components from the design specifications during end milling of thin-walled geometries. The deviations are expressed as per the Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) principles using size, form, and orientation of the features. This paper proposes a computational framework to estimate cutting force induced cylindricity error during end milling of thin-walled circular components. The framework combines computational elements such as Mechanistic force model, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based workpiece deflection model, Cantilever beam formulation based tool deflection model, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based cylindricity estimation algorithm. It has been observed that the static deflections of a cutting tool and thin-walled component influence the cylindricity error considerably. The inevitable aspects associated with the end milling of thin-walled circular components such as concave-convex side machining and workpiece rigidity are investigated subsequently. It was observed that the cylindricity error during concave side machining is considerably smaller due to geometric configuration imparting adequate stiffness to thin-walled components. The study also demonstrated that an appropriate combination of productive cutting conditions and the component thickness could reduce cylindricity error considerably. The outcomes of the present study are substantiated by conducting a set of computational simulations and end milling experiments over a wide range of cutting conditions. The computational framework proposed in the present study can assist process planners in selecting appropriate cutting conditions to manufacture thin-walled circular components within tolerance limits specified by the designer.     

三维有限元分析在高速铣削温度研究中应用

高速切削过程中切削温度对刀具磨损、工件加工表面完整性及加工精度有极大的影响。应用有限元法对高速铣削铝合金薄壁件过程中工件与刀具接触面温度、工件内部的温度分布进行了仿真研究,仿真过程中考虑了切削速度、进给量对切削温度的影响。通过红外热像仪对不同主轴转速下工件表面温度的测量,验证了仿真结果与试验结果比较接近。得出在高速切削铝合金过程中,随着切削速度的增加,刀具与工件接触区的温度变化存在二次效应。该结论对铝合金薄壁件加工具有重要的实用价值。     

薄壁工件铣削加工变形的预测

以铣削力模型和ABAQUS有限元分析软件为基础,采用考虑了刀具/工件变形耦合效应、材料去除效应以及工件变形引起铣削力加载点变化等因素的仿真预测方法,建立了薄壁工件加工变形预测的有限元分析模型,并对航空钛合金框体工件进行了铣削加工变形预测及试验验证,仿真结果与试验数据吻合较好。