离心泵非定常空化流动特性的数值研究

采用压力边界条件对一单级单吸蜗壳离心泵进行了三维空化非定常相变流动的数值计算,模拟过程通过定常计算、基于滑移网格技术的非定常计算、以及结合混合项模型和Schneer-Sauer方程的空化演变计算,成功捕捉了泵内非定常空化流动特性。计算结果表明:设计工况叶轮前缘空化率在0.92%～1.12%范围内以叶片旋转频率做周期性变化;当叶片靠近蜗舌时空化加剧,而泵流量略有降低;当叶片远离蜗舌时空化减轻,流量有所增加。     

单级跨音速离心压缩机叶片扩压器和不同蜗壳形式耦合的内部流动数值研究

对单级跨音速离心压缩机具有对称和非对称两种形式的圆形截面蜗壳的内部流动进行数值研究, 分析蜗壳内部流动以及蜗壳与扩压器相互作用所导致的流动现象和不同工况条件下蜗壳进口周向流动的不均匀性以及两种蜗壳布置形式下各部件的流动损失.计算结果表明:在设计流量下和大流量下,对称蜗壳的蜗舌附近叶片扩压器通道中出现了回流,发生位置都在叶片扩压器叶片凸面;偏心蜗壳仅在大流量时出现回流现象,蜗舌附近区域内部流动情况略好于对称蜗壳.在非设计流量下,静止部件内部损失均大于设计流量,其中在大流量下尤为明显:扩压器内部损失在静止部件总损失中均占到80%以上,蜗壳内部损失小于20%;小流量下叶片扩压器内部损失所占比例小于大流量工况.     

矿用液力偶合器流场特性数值模拟及叶片数目优化

依靠传统一维束流理论难以有效对大功率矿用液力偶合器叶片数进行优化设计,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于计算流体动力学（CFD）的响应面模型叶片数优化设计方法。首先,对偶合器进行了三维数值模拟研究,并运用最优拉丁超立方方法设计了叶轮的叶片数;然后,完成了不同叶轮叶片数下单流道流场计算模型的数值模拟计算,进行了涡轮和泵轮叶片数的敏感性分析,建立了其响应面近似模型,确定了叶轮叶片数与额定转矩之间的关系,完成了其叶片数的优化设计;最后,探究了不同叶轮叶片数下的偶合器叶轮流场及转矩特性分布规律。研究结果表明：涡轮叶片数z_T=37、泵轮叶片数z_P=34时,额定转矩值最大,响应面模型误差仅为0.93%,偶合器内流场分布特性合理地解释了叶轮叶片数对转矩特性的影响规律;优化后的叶轮叶片数有效地提高了偶合器额定工况时的工作性能,为偶合器优化设计与改进提供了可靠的方法。     

离心泵快速开阀过程瞬态特性分析

为探究离心泵快速开阀过程瞬态流动特性,进行了非定常流场仿真.分析了瞬态压力、叶轮内涡流以及叶片表面压力脉动等变化规律,对优化离心泵性能及进一步研究泵阀启动流动分析提供参考.结果表明开阀过程泵出口压力先下降后上升;相同流量下,瞬态过程叶轮内部静压值低于稳态值,叶轮流道内漩涡数量和面积大于稳态值;叶片表面各监测点压力脉动表...     

变转速工况下离心泵蜗舌处压力波动的试验研究

对某一单吸离心泵在变转速工况下蜗舌处的压力波动进行了测量与分析。该离心泵的叶轮为半开式叶轮并具有背叶片,它由原叶轮车削后得到,从而使得叶轮出口离蜗舌距离较大。结果显示:随着转速的提高,离心泵的流量及效率线性增大,而扬程以二次曲线形式增加。该离心泵蜗舌附近的压力波动频谱以叶轮转动频率整数倍的离散分量为主,特别是叶片通过频率及其二次谐波。最大波动分量的幅度占参考动压ρv22/2(v2为叶轮出口周向速度)的0.5%左右。随着转速的增大,压力波动的增加速度比转速提高速度快,且宽频波动幅度的提高比离散分量显著。另外,频谱分量中存在叶轮转动频率非整数倍的离散分量,以及与转速无关而取决于流体系统固有振动特性的离散分量。     

化工流程泵水力性能分析与试验研究

计算并分析不同进水流量下化工流程泵内部流动特性并进行实验对比。借助CFD软件,采用S-A湍流模型与N-S方程进行封闭计算,计算泵内流道湍流场。计算分析表明：进水小流量时,吸力面靠近叶片进水边局部范围出现负压区,该负压区在泵进水流量较小时易产生,该负压区易对叶轮造成气蚀破坏,与泵实际运行结果相吻合。同时,该区域在小流量时出现较大“涡流”,低压区在叶片背面靠近进水边位置尤为明显,靠近蜗舌的压水室内产生较大回流,严重制约泵流动性;计算与试验表明：针对化工流程泵内部复杂三维流动及水力性能进行预测的数值模拟分析可靠。     

基于面心立方设计的多翼离心风机性能优化

为提高油烟机的气动性能,基于计算流体力学(CFD)的方法对其内置的多翼离心风机进行多工况优化设计。选取叶轮进口角β₁、叶轮出口角β₂、蜗舌相位角φ和蜗舌半径R这四个设计参数,以最大流量和最高效率工况下的风机静压和风机效率为优化目标,采用面心立方设计方法进行四因素三水平的抽样来获取一组样本数据,并结合响应面模型和单纯形算法求得约束范围内的最优解。研究表明,优化后的叶轮靠近蜗舌上游区域的出口速度明显增大,蜗壳出口段扩压能力增强,风机静压最大提升幅度接近10Pa,全压效率在两工况下提升幅度在1.2%～2.4%之间。     

高比转速混流泵时变湍流特性分析

为分析混流泵内部流场的时变湍流特性,采用时变不可压牛顿流体的控制方程和RNG k-ε湍流模型,基于ANSYS CFX软件数值计算了3种不同工况时混流泵内部的时变湍流场,计算考虑了各过流部件间的相互干涉作用。在叶片安放角0°时,给出了最优工况1.00QBep有、无叶轮时进、出口干涉面的静压分布云图,直观地显示了一个物理周期内动静干涉情况,分析了叶片表面流动的细部结构,并对比了基于时均流场和时变流场预测泵外特性的差异。进、出口断面静压分布受叶轮旋转的影响很明显,流量1.46QBep时进口断面静压表现出较强的非稳定性,扭矩和扬程呈周期波动。     

前向多翼式离心风机蜗舌附近流场的PIV试验研究

对前向多翼式离心风机建立了性能及流场测试台位,性能试验重复性良好。用粒子图像速度场仪(Particleimage velocimetry,PIV)技术对蜗舌附近速度矢量场做了详细的变工况测量及分析。结果表明,蜗舌附近的主要流动特征由冲向蜗舌的速度矢量方向及蜗舌周围滞止区的影响范围所决定。小流量时,滞止区影响范围主要在蜗舌间隙流道内,造成速度矢量向叶轮内偏斜,蜗舌下游易形成分离旋涡而恶化;大流量时,滞止区影响范围偏向蜗壳出口流道,蜗舌间隙流动较好。此外,在蜗舌间隙沿轴向不同位置返回蜗壳的流量也不同,这主要与叶片不同段做功能力不同有关。     

串列式双级轴流泵性能的数值模拟

为了揭示串列泵的内部流动机理及其能量特性,采用两个具有试验结果的轴流式叶轮和一新设计的导叶串联组成了一串列式轴流泵模型。应用Pro-E对该串列泵进行三维实体造型,用数值模拟的方法计算泵内的流场。数值计算采用NUMECA商业软件。在不同的工况条件下获得前后叶轮内部的速度矢量分布。基于流场计算结果,预测包括扬程、效率和轴功率在内的串列泵性能。将数值计算的结果与原叶轮的试验结果进行对比并与首级叶轮比较,串列轴流泵次级叶轮压力面和吸力面的速度具有较大的差值。与一般的轴流泵比较,串列式轴流泵具有比较宽的高效区,最优工况点向大流量区域偏移,其轴功率不再像普通轴流泵那样随流量的增加而减小。为了分析前后叶轮的相互作用,预测不同的后叶轮叶片偏转角条件下的串列泵性能,结果表明后叶轮的叶片偏转角对串列泵性能有重大的影响。     

Investigation on Reduction of Pressure Fluctuation for a Double-Suction Centrifugal Pump

Double-suction centrifugal pumps have been applied extensively in many areas,and the significance of pressure fluctuations inside these pumps with large power is becoming increasingly important.In this study,a double-suction centrifugal pump with a high-demand for vibration and noise was redesigned by increasing the flow uniformity at the impeller discharge,implemented by combinations of more than two parameters.First,increasing the number of the impeller blades was intended to enhance the bounding effect that the blades imposed on the fluid.Subsequently,increasing the radial gap between the impeller and volute was applied to reduce the rotor-stator interaction.Finally,the staggered arrangement was optimized to weaken the efficacy of the interference superposition.Based on numerical simulation,the steady and unsteady characteristics of the pump models were calculated.From the fluctuation analysis in the frequency domain,the dimensionless pressure fluctuation amplitude at the blade passing frequency and its harmonics,located on the monitoring points in the redesigned pumps(both with larger radial gap)are reduced a lot.Further,in the volute of the model with new impellers staggered at 12°,the average value for the dimensionless pressure fluctuation amplitude decreases to 6% of that in prototype pump.The dimensionless rootmean-square pressure contour on the mid-span of the impeller tends to be more uniform in the redesigned models(both with larger radial gap);similarly,the pressure contour on the mid-section of the volute presents good uniformity in these models,which in turn demonstrating a reduction in the pressure fluctuation intensity.The results reveal the mechanism of pressure fluctuation reduction in a double-suction centrifugal pump,and the results of this study could provide a reference for pressure fluctuation reduction and vibration performance reinforcement of doublesuction centrifugal pumps and other pumps.     

CFD investigation of the influence of volute geometrical variations on hydrodynamic characteristics of circulator pump

Improper design of volute geometry can be the main cause that leads to unsteady pressure pulsation and radial force in pumps. Therefore, it is important to understand the influence of volute geometrical parameters on hydrodynamic characteristics of pump and the mechanism. However, the existing studies are limited to investigate the influence of only one or two volute geometrical parameters each time, and a systematic study of the influence of the combinations of different volute geometrical parameters on the pump’s hydrodynamic characteristics is missing. In this paper, a study on the understanding of the influence of volute geometrical variations on hydrodynamic characteristics of a high speed circulator pump by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) technology is presented. Five main volute geometrical parametersD3,A8,a0,j0 andRt are selected and 25 different volute configurations are generated by using design of experiments(DOE) method. The 3D unsteady flow numerical simulations, which are based on the SSTk-w turbulence model and sliding mesh technique provided by CFX, are executed on the 25 different volute configurations. The hydraulic performance, pressure pulsation and unsteady radial force inside the pump at design condition are obtained and analyzed. It has been found that volute geometrical parametersD3 andA8 are major influence factors on hydrodynamic characteristics of the pump, whilea0,j0 andRt are minor influence factors. The minimum contribution from bothD3 andA8 is 58% on head, and maximum contribution from bothD3 and A8 is 90% on pressure pulsation. Regarding the pressure pulsation intensity, two peaks can be found. One is in the tongue area and the other is in the diffusor area. The contributions are around 60% from tongue and 25% from diffusor, respectively. The amplitude of pressure pulsation has a quadratic polynomial functional relationship with respect toD3/D2 andA8/A10, and fluctuating level of radial force has a quadratic polynomial functional relationship with respect toD3/D2. While for the other volute parametersa0,j0 andRt, no special function has been found related to pressure pulsation and radial force. The presented work could be a useful guideline in engineering practice when designing a circulator pump with low hydrodynamic force.     

不同叶轮形式下离心泵整机非定常流场的数值研究

针对无短叶片、有长短叶片和短短叶片三种叶轮的离心泵,采用非定常CFD方法数值分析了设计工况点的整机全三维流场,讨论了不同叶片形式对水泵扬程、进出口压力波动及叶片表面和中央回转面内参数分布的影响。其中,与无短叶片情况相比较,详细分析了短叶片的有无和短叶片尺寸对泵内流场的影响;并对一个压力波动周期内,由于叶片和蜗舌相对位置不同内部流场的变化给出了相应的分析结果。从动力学角度对降低水泵的振动和噪声提供了有益的分析结果。     

液电混合直线驱动系统耦合特性及位置控制

液压系统与电-机械系统是广泛应用于航空航天、工业、非道路移动机械等领域的两种不同驱动方案。在实际中,两者通常单独使用,电-机械驱动方案能效高,但承载能力弱,液压驱动方案功率密度大、动态响应快,但能量效率低。为此,结合两个驱动方案优点,集成设计电-机械执行器与液压缸,构建一种新型液电混合直线驱动系统,分析系统工作原理及两个非相似驱动子系统耦合特性、力纷争现象及其影响。在此基础上,提出一种电-机械驱动单元运动控制与液压驱动单元力控制的调控方案。研究结果表明,采用所提调控方案可减轻两个非相似驱动子系统耦合作用,在液压阀低压损的同时,可获得良好的位置控制特性。新型液电混合直线驱动系统将为液压系统和电-机械系统的进一步发展提供新思路。     

双流道泵内非定常流动数值模拟及粒子图像测速测量

为探讨双流道泵内部的非定常流动机理,采用Fluent软件,基于滑移网格技术、 湍流模型计算了一双流道泵在不同工况下的内部流动,并将计算结果与粒子图像测速仪(Particle image velocimeter, PIV)实测结果进行比较。结果表明：计算所得双流道泵内部流场符合叶轮机械内部流动的一般规律,且与PIV实测结果总体变化趋势一致;由于双流道泵结构特殊,其进口处的流动状态与普通叶轮相差较大,出口处的流动状态与普通叶轮类似;叶轮进口处,流体基本沿流道吸力面流动,流道工作面上的相对速度很小,存在严重的脱流和旋涡;叶轮出口处,压力面和吸力面的速度趋于相等,射流—尾迹现象并不明显;由于叶轮—蜗壳动静干涉,两个叶轮流道内的静压分布有所不同;同一流道内,静压随着半径的增加而逐步增大,压力面侧静压大于吸力面侧;蜗壳流道内静压随半径增大,最大静压值在隔舌处。此项研究不仅加深了人们对双流道泵内非定常流动图画的理解,从而进一步完善双流道泵设计方法,同时也可为其他类型泵的内流研究提供借鉴。     

超低比转速复合式离心泵内部流动特性分析

为研究超低比转速复合式离心泵内部流动特性,以一台比转速为16、半开式复合叶轮离心泵为研究对象,应用ANSYS-Fluent19R1软件对模型泵进行三维全流场数值模拟计算,得出泵内部流场及作用在叶轮、蜗壳上的径向力分布规律。结果表明:在不同流量工况下,随着流量的增加,在隔舌附近出现较大的压力梯度;在长叶片与短叶片相间隔流道内低速区面积较大、叶轮出口处分布较多的旋涡;当流量从0.2倍增加至1.8倍额定流量时,作用在蜗壳上的径向力幅值逐渐减小,作用在叶轮上的径向力幅值先减小后增加,在1.0倍额定流量时径向力幅值达到最小,而后增大。为超低比转速复合式离心泵的设计优化提供参考。     

单流道泵内部非定常流动特性

将叶片和蜗室作为一个整体,对单流道泵内部三维非定常流动特性进行研究,经分析提出了单流道泵内部三维非定常势流流动和三维非定常湍流流动的数值模拟方法,分别计算了单流道泵内部的速度场、压力场和叶片表面的压力分布,对进一步研究单流道泵内部流动具有重要意义。在此基础上计算了叶轮所受的径向力及其变化趋势,为提高单流道泵运行稳定性提供了理论依据。此外还计算了扬程、平均水功率和效率,并与试验值作对比。尽管忽略粘性使得势流计算得到的速度场在蜗壳的局部区域出现反方向流动,从而导致叶片压力面压力沿展向波动变化,但其性能曲线与试验值变化趋势一致,粘性计算结果与试验值相比,精度较高。     

Investigation of the correlation between noise & vibration characteristics and unsteady flow in a circulator pump

Circulator pumps have wide engineering applications but the acoustics, vibration and unsteady flow structures of the circulator pump are still not fully understood. We investigated the noise and vibration characteristics and unsteady flow structures in a circulator pump at different flow rates. Three-dimensional, unsteady RANS equations were solved on high-quality structured meshes with SST k-ω turbulence model numerically. Measurements were made in a semi-anechoic chamber to get an overview of noise and vibration level of a pump at different flow rates. The 1/3 octave-band filter technique was applied to obtain the explicit frequency spectra of sound, pressure fluctuations and vibration signals and their principal frequencies were identified successfully. The air-borne noise level of the designed condition is lower than that of the off-design conditions, and the highest sound pressure level is found at part-load condition. The acoustic emission from the pump is mainly caused by unsteady flow structures and pressure fluctuations. In addition, both the link between airborne noise and pressure fluctuation, and the correlation between vibration and unsteady hydrodynamic forces, were quantitatively examined and verified. This work offers good data to understand noise and vibration characteristics of circulator pumps and the relationships among the noise, vibration and unsteady flow structures.     

固液两相离心泵内部非定常流动特性研究

为研究固液两相流离心泵内部的非定常流动特性,基于滑移网格方法,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型以及ASMM代数滑移混合物模型,对一台高比转速固液两相离心泵内部流场进行非定常流动的数值模拟,通过分析清水工况数值计算结果、外特性性能实验结果以及固液两相流非定常数值计算结果,获得了非定常条件下固液两相输送离心泵的瞬时外特性曲线和内部流动及磨损规律。研究结果表明:在一个转动周期内,离心泵的扬程、效率和轴功率均呈现正弦波动特征;动静干涉效应使得叶轮出口处的速度和静压分布均呈现周期性波动;模型泵叶轮前后盖板的磨损情况比蜗壳壁面的磨损严重。上述计算结果可为实现高比转速固液两相流离心泵的优化水力设计和减轻磨损提供一定的理论参考。