Fe2O3催化煤粉燃烧的动力学

采用WCT-2C型微机热重分析天平以及非等温燃烧的方法对汉阳煤的燃烧特性及其反应动力学参数进行详细分析.研究了不同Fe2O3配比对试样的着火温度、燃烧速率最大时温度、燃尽温度和最大燃烧速率等的影响,计算出煤粉燃烧反应的动力学参数活化能Ea.试验结果表明:试样燃烧的的活化能呈现“V”形,Fe2 O3配比为3％(质量分数,下同)时催化作用最明显,超过3％后随着配比的增加催化作用减弱.     

催化剂对煤粉燃烧特性的影响及动力学研究

 采用热分析技术,研究了CaO、Fe2O3、MgO和MnO2 4种催化剂对精煤和瘦煤燃烧特性的影响,以及非等温燃烧条件下,催化剂对燃烧反应动力学参数的影响。研究表明：当加入量为1%时,4种催化剂都能降低精煤和瘦煤的初始燃烧温度,其中CaO对煤粉的催化助燃效果最为显著。同为过渡金属氧化物,当加入量小于2%时,MnO2降低两种煤粉初始燃烧温度的效果要好于Fe2O3;当加入量为2%时,MnO2降低两种煤粉初始燃烧温度的作用减弱,比Fe2O3的作用?睿尤胧菝菏匝保孟窒笥任飨浴?种催化剂都能降低精煤和瘦煤在第1反应阶段的活化能,其中CaO表现出的助燃效果最好;在第2反应阶段,CaO对精煤的催化燃烧作用最好,而4种催化剂对瘦煤的催化燃烧作用不明显。     

天然矿物添加剂对高炉喷吹煤粉燃烧特性的影响

利用热分析法研究了大贵白云石、荣富镁石、东燃镁石、里领石灰石和方解石五种天然矿物添加剂对无烟煤燃烧过程的影响.考察了着火温度、最大燃烧速率、挥发分释放特性指数和燃尽特征指数等燃烧特征参数,求出了反应动力学参数活化能Ea和指前因子A.实验结果表明:大贵白云石、荣富镁石和东燃镁石能够显著促进煤粉的燃烧过程,降低着火温度,增大煤粉的挥发分释放特征指数D和煤粉的燃尽特性指数Cb,使最大燃烧速率前移至挥发分着火燃烧阶段;里领石灰石和方解石则相反.同时,动力学计算表明:大贵白云石、荣富镁石和东燃镁石使煤粉的活化能分别降低10.4%、14.5%和10.7%,对煤粉燃烧有助燃作用;里领石灰石和方解石使煤粉的活化能分别提高2.0%和4.3%,对煤粉燃烧没有助燃作用.     

煤粉性状对残炭颗粒微结构及其燃烧特性的影响

本文研究了不同粒主工的烟煤和无烟煤经高温气流燃烧后残炭颗粒的形态及孔隙结构，对其燃烧方式和燃尽特性进行了讨论，并比较了两种煤的差别。结果表明，由镜质组形成的残炭表面和内部同时燃烧，并比较了两种煤的差别。结果表明，由镜质组形成的球残炭表面和内部时燃烧，容易燃尽；由惰性组形成的不规则残炭以外部反应为主，较难燃尽，同无烟煤相比，烟煤残炭孔隙多，燃烧剧列，且孔穴内部燃烧所占比重更大。     

球团矿内配煤粉燃烧动力学及其过程模型

本文综合分析了各种气—固反应模型的特点,考察了球团矿内煤粉燃烧的内在特征,提出煤粉颗粒形状因子的概念。在此基础上,综合考虑了球团矿内煤粉燃烧过程中的物质平衡与热平衡,首次建立了改进的区域反应模型。实验证明该模型能很好地模拟球团矿内煤粉的燃烧过程。这一模型为分析内燃球团矿中煤粉或其它固体燃料的燃烧过程提供了有力的计算工具。     

用热重法研究首钢高炉喷吹煤粉的燃烧反应

利用热重法主要研究了首钢3种典型喷吹煤粉在不同升温速率下(5、10、20、50℃/min)的燃烧反应特性,研究了各工况热重曲线后发现,升温速率对煤粉的燃烧特性有影响。随着升温速率的提高,煤粉的着火温度升高,最大失重速率增大,最大失重速率对应的温度升高。参考两段电加热法计算煤粉燃烧率的原理,计算了升温速率50℃/min时煤粉的燃烧率。研究结果表明,700℃时煤粉燃烧率的计算结果与两段电加热法计算燃烧率的结果趋势基本一致,热重法可以计算不同煤粉的燃烧率。     

不同升温速率下CeO_2催化煤粉燃烧研究

通过热分析技术,研究了在5℃/min、10℃/min、15℃/min、20℃/min四种升温速率下分别添加0.5%、1%、2%CeO2对煤粉的燃烧影响,使用扫描电镜对反应后物质进行了微观分析。研究表明,CeO2对煤粉燃烧具有催化作用,适宜作为高炉喷吹煤粉的助燃添加剂;升温速率影响煤粉初始燃烧温度,升温速率越大,煤粉初始燃烧温度越高;升温速率不同时,CeO2对煤粉燃烧的催化作用也不同,升温速率越大,CeO2对煤粉燃烧的催化作用越显著;在一定范围增加CeO2的添加量有利于促进煤粉燃烧;升温速率较大时,增加CeO2的添加量对煤粉燃烧的催化作用不明显。     

CeO2和La2O3对高炉喷吹煤粉燃烧过程的影响

在模拟高炉喷吹的条件下,对添加CeO2 和La2O3的混合煤粉进行了燃烧试验,考察了稀土氧化物对高炉喷吹煤粉燃烧过程的影响,并探讨了其助燃作用机理.     

煤粉富氧燃烧特性及动力学分析

 利用热分析法研究了富氧条件下高炉喷吹煤粉的燃烧特性。结果表明,富氧气氛可以改善煤粉燃烧特性,使煤粉着火点、失重峰提前,失重峰值增大,燃尽温度降低,综合燃烧特性指数明显提高,燃烧特性得到改善。当氧的体积分数小于40%时,煤粉燃烧特性改善幅度较大;氧的体积分数大于40%时,煤粉燃烧特性改善趋势变缓。同时采用非等温模型Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)对富氧之后煤粉燃烧过程进行动力学分析,当氧的体积分数由21%增加到100%,煤粉燃烧活化能从95. 15kJ·mol-1增加到169. 99kJ·mol-1。     

Combustion Property and Kinetic Modeling of Pulverized Coal Based on Non-isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis

Non-isothermal combustion kinetics of two kinds of low volatile pulverized coals （HL coal and RU coal） were investigated by thermogravimetrie analysis. The results show that the combustibility of HL coal was better than that of RU coal, and with increasing heating rate, ignition and burnout characteristics of pulverized coal were improved. The volume model （VM）, the random pore model （RPM）, and the new model （NEWM） in which the whole combustion process is considered to be the overlapping process of volatile combustion and coal char combustion, were used to fit with the experimental data. The comparison of these three fitted results indicated that the combustion process of coal could be simulated by the NEWM with highest precision. When calculated by the NEWM, the activation energies of volatile combustion and coal char combustion are 130.5 and 95.7 kJ · mol^-1 for HL coal, respectively, while they are 114.5 and 147.6 kJ ·mol^-1 for RU coal, respectively.     

Investigation on Pulverized Coal Combustion Behavior by Non-Isothermic Integral Thermogravimetry Method

 The combustion process of pulverized coal was investigated by non-isothermic integral thermogravimetry. The thermogravimetry curves were fitted by the Coats-Redferm approximation function, and kinetic parameters and characteristic temperatures were obtained. The optimal mixing ratio and particle size can be ascertained. The characteristic temperature of pulverized coal can be obtained from the thermogravimetry curve, and the combustion of coal can be divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous combustion according to the differential thermal analysis curve. The activation energy of a single type of coal ranking from low to high is as follows: bituminous coal, meager-lean coal, and anthracite. In the first mixing method, with more low-price meager-lean coal B replacing high-price anthracite A, the activation energy slightly decreases; with more bituminous coal replacing meager-lean coal, total tendency makes a declining of activation. In the later mixing method, with an increase in particle size, a declining activation energy can be seen in total tendency.     

O_2/CO_2气氛下煤粉燃烧特性模拟研究

针对煤粉燃烧器燃烧工况,采用Fluent软件,探索辐射模型、气氛和煤粉粒径对煤粉燃烧过程的影响及污染物生成情况。结果表明:采用DO+WSGG模型时,煤粉的燃烧温度有所降低;跟空气气氛相比O_2/CO_2气氛下煤粉的燃烧温度降低,NO的量也降低;氧浓度增大,煤粉燃烧的温度峰值增加;随着超细煤粉混合比的增加,燃烧高温区而向前移。     

提高预热煤粉燃烧率的机制

 以邯郸钢铁公司2种高炉喷吹用煤粉作为原料,用马弗炉进行预热,测定不同温度预热后的失重率和燃烧率,并采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察预热后煤粉表面结构的变化。试验结果表明,烟煤150℃预热时的失重率为512%,且随着预热温度升高,煤粉的失重率增加,预热温度300℃时失重率可达到17.24%。无烟煤预热后失重率变化不大,预热温度为300℃时失重率仅为5.66%。预热后煤粉燃烧率明显升高。300℃预热条件下的烟煤燃烧率为89.74%,相对于原煤提高了15.67%,无烟煤燃烧率为85.19%,相对于原煤提高了24.80%。预热后煤粉表面结构发生了明显变化,层状和孔隙结构增加,从而提高了煤粉的燃烧率,为提高预热煤粉的燃烧率提供了理论基础。     

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Coal Char Combustion Kinetics

Four chars prepared from pulverized coals were subjected to non-isothermal and isothermal combustion tests in a thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)device.Three different test methods,i.e.,non-isothermal single heating rate(A),non-isothermal multiple heating rate(B),and isothermal test(C),were conducted to calculate the kinetic parameters of combustion of coal char.The results show that the combustion characteristics of bituminous coal char is better than that of anthracite char,and both increase of heating rate and increase of combustion temperature can obviously improve combustion characteristics of coal char.Activation energies of coal char combustion calculated by different methods are different,with activation energies calculated by methods A,B and C in the range of 103.12-153.77,93.87-119.26,and 46.48-76.68kJ/mol,respectively.By using different methods,activation energy of anthracite char is always higher than that of bituminous coal char.In non-isothermal tests,with increase of combustion temperature,the combustion process changed from kinetic control to diffusion control.For isothermal combustion,the combustion process was kinetically controlled at temperature lower than 580℃ for bituminous coal char and at temperature lower than 630℃ for anthracite char.     

O2/CO2气氛下煤粉燃烧数值模拟

采用CFD技术对不同气氛下煤粉燃烧过程进行了研究。用Fluent软件模拟不同工况下煤粉燃烧,获得煤粉燃烧的一些基础性参数,为实际应用提供相应的指导;建立包括气相湍流流动、气固之间传热、煤挥发分析以及燃烧等过程在内的三维数学模型;将不同气氛下煤粉燃烧的特性进行对比,研究气氛变化对燃烧的影响规律。     

煤粉高速加热条件下的快速热分解

高炉喷吹煤粉和熔融还原铁浴粉煤气化等高速加热条件下,快速热分解是第一步。为研究1160-1750℃温度条件的这一过程,作者用等离子体加热的实验装置,加热速度可达4.3×10³-2.4×10⁴K/s。实验表明增加温度可明显改善烟煤的快速热分解过程,而旦效果比无烟煤明显得多;但气氛对快速热分解过程的影响不太明显。进而说明了铁浴气化粉煤和氧化介质可分开吹入,有利于控制喷嘴前端过热并减少金属蒸发后进入产品气体之中。     

Mechanism of Effect of Microwave Modification on Pulverized Coal Combustion Properties

The mechanism of microwave modification on facilitating the combustion properties of pulverized coal(PC)was investigated.Experimental researches on granularity and functional group as well as combustion properties of PC before and after modification were carried out.Micromorphology observation indicated that the size of PC particles was relatively small,which was in accordance with the results of granularity analysis of PC.FT-IR(Fourier-transform infrared)spectra of two PCs indicated that the proportion of the functional groups with high activity increased after microwave irradiation.Furthermore,no valid effect of microwave was found on carbon matrix except small variations in PC particle size,which only led to subtle improvement in combustion of residual coke.Activation energies of Yungang and Yangquan PCs in temperature zone between 450-650℃ were reduced by 12.00%and 10.13%,respectively,which meant that microwave modification might effectively facilitate the combustion properties of PC.Nevertheless,decrease in activation energies of residual cokes was 3.56%and 3.67%respectively,which was subtle and can be regarded as the result of smaller particle size produced by microwave irradiation.