微自由活塞动力装置预热燃烧过程的实验研究

为使微自由活塞动力装置在一定初始条件下能够稳定可靠的着火燃烧,对均质混合气进行预热燃烧过程研究。搭建微自由活塞动力装置单次冲击着火燃烧试验平台,开展了带有预热装置的燃烧过程可视化试验研究;试验结果表明:对均质混合气预热,可降低压燃气体着火条件,提高着火燃烧可靠性,单次压缩冲程时间缩短,着火时刻提前,临界压然初动能降低。     

柴油机HCCI燃烧特点及影响因素分析

介绍了发动机均质充量压缩着火（HCCI）燃烧的概念和特点，更进一步分析了柴油机HCCI燃烧的特点．以及影响柴油机HCCI燃烧的一些重要因素，如混合气形成方式、进气温度、负荷、EGR、气门正时、压缩比等的影响．     

正庚烷HCCI燃烧影响因素计算分析

为了研究不同参数变化对正庚烷HCCI燃烧的影响,选择初始初始压强和压缩比两个参数,结合简化的正庚烷化学反应机理进行正庚烷HCCI燃烧仿真计算。分析结果表明:压缩比、压强等参数的变化对HCCI燃烧影响明显。压缩比越高,反应速率提高,着火时刻提前,缸压峰值、缸温峰值均明显增大;初始压强越高,缸温峰值和缸压峰值以及HRR均不同程度的增大,反应速率提高,整体燃烧持续期缩短。     

基于PCCI燃烧模式下的工况扩展实现途径及参数耦合关系

压燃式发动机燃烧过程和排放直接受到燃烧室内燃油与空气的空间与时间分布状况影响,而油气混合的状况与燃油喷射参数息息相关。燃油喷射参数是燃烧边界条件的一部分,因此燃油喷射参数的优化是实现优化燃烧进程,降低NOx和Soot等排放不可缺少的手段之一。利用发动机燃油喷射参数实时控制系统试验研究了燃油喷射参数对压燃式发动机燃烧及排放的影响规律。同时结合燃料特性与燃油喷射参数藕合对压燃式发动机预混合压缩着火燃烧过程的影响,探索燃料特性与燃油喷射参数协同控制实现压燃式发动机高效清洁预混合压缩着火燃烧的潜力。     

单活塞液压自由活塞发动机压缩冲程特性

以压燃式单活塞液压自由活塞发动机为对象研究其压缩冲程特性,以期得到高效可靠的压缩过程实现方案,满足系统着火条件要求.基于系统的基本结构,对系统不同工况下的压缩过程进行分类,并分别研究其主要特征,确定利用液压能实现系统压缩过程的基本控制量.通过建立系统压缩过程气缸状态和液压腔状态仿真模型,结合相关的试验测试结果,对不同工况下的压缩过程特性进行研究.研究表明:系统低压压缩过程着火条件易于满足,在非正常工作状态下的高压压缩过程需要消除压缩蓄能器的稳压作用,同时减小频率控制阀节流作用的影响.     

斯特林机动力活塞间隙密封动态特性仿真分析*

在自由活塞斯特林机动力活塞间隙密封中,间隙内的气体泄漏会引起工作腔内压力和气体质量的变化,进而影响斯特林机的工作效率。为研究在压缩循环过程中气体泄漏量对压力的动态影响,建立间隙密封长度不变、间隙密封长度单侧变化和间隙密封长度双侧变化3种不同的间隙密封物理模型,采用时间推进法,分析求解不同形式的密封对泄漏量的影响。结果表明：间隙密封在启动阶段时单向泄漏量最大,随着时间的推进,泄漏量逐渐减小后达到稳定,间隙密封长度不变的模型相较于其他2种模型的单向泄漏量最少。基于间隙密封长度不变的模型,分析气膜厚度、背压、密封长度对泄漏量的影响,对气膜间隙和背压进行优化设计。结果表明：气体质量的泄漏随气膜厚度和背压的增加而增加,随活塞长度的增加而减小;当气膜间隙为20~30 μm,活塞长度为10~15 cm,背压在3~5 MPa时,间隙密封泄漏量在3%以内,符合动力活塞间隙密封的设计要求。分析结果为自由活塞斯特林机动力活塞间隙密封提供了设计依据。     

基于黑箱模型和RBF-PID的HCCI发动机燃烧正时控制

由于均质充气压缩点燃(HCCI)发动机缺少直接控制其燃烧的手段,导致HCCI发动机的燃烧正时控制成为HCCI发动机的研究热点。以HCCI发动机进气歧管的温度和压力、燃油当量比、转速以及进气门关闭正时为输入,利用BP神经网络建立用于估计HCCI发动机燃烧正时的黑箱模型。在此模型基础上,以进气门关闭正时为控制量设计了PID控制器,并利用径向基神经网络对其参数进行整定,以实现对燃烧正时的反馈控制。实验结果表明,BP神经网络估计模型对HCCI发动机燃烧正时的估计误差小于0.4(CAD),能实现准确的估计;此外,与传统的PID控制器相比,设计的RBF-PID控制器在超调量、调节时间以及抗干扰性等性能方面均有改善。     

平板式固体氧化物燃料电池封接气密性的LBM模拟与分析

对平板式固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的压缩密封结构的泄漏特性进行定量研究。为模拟粗糙泄漏通道的复杂形貌,采用粗糙表面数值重构技术来构建不同气体泄漏通道;考虑流动通道尺度细微、边界复杂,应用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)对气体流动特性进行数值分析,建立包括粗糙表面几何特性参数在内的泄漏率计算模型;通过单粗糙峰微观接触力学分析,建立泄漏通道结构特征参数随应力变化的定量关系式,并分析各种因素对封接气密性的影响。结果表明:压缩密封结构的主要影响因素为粗糙表面形貌、密封材料机械力学特性、密封流体物性以及密封结构工作状态;表面粗糙度越大,温度越高,泄漏率越低;压缩密封过程中材料变形较小,对泄漏率的影响也较小;不同介质的热物理性质差异会引起泄漏率的不同。将提出的模型应用于某SOFC密封结构的泄漏率预测,计算结果与实验测量结果吻合良好,验证了模型的准确性。     

泄漏和传热对往复压缩机压缩过程的影响

往复压缩机工作过程中,气缸内气体的泄漏和传热对其压缩过程影响较大且极为复杂;为了定量研究泄漏、传热及其耦合作用对气体压缩过程中热力过程的影响,本文建立了往复压缩机的压缩过程模型,充分考虑了气缸内气体瞬时的泄漏、传热对压缩过程的影响;定量分析了气缸内气体状态参数的变化规律;并用压缩机的实际运行数据对所建立的模型进行验证。研究结果表明:传热是影响压缩结束角度的主要因素,传热和内泄漏是影响压缩过程温度变化的主要因素,而传热和泄漏对压缩过程压力变化的影响不大。     

往复压缩机气体压缩热力过程研究

建立了往复压缩机压缩过程中伴有气体泄漏和不稳定传热耦合作用下的变质量系统气体压缩热力过程的数学模型,应用龙格-库塔法对其进行数值求解,并分别讨论了传热、质量泄漏及其耦合作用对气体压缩热力过程的影响.结果表明:气体质量泄漏对压缩热力过程影响较大,延长了压缩进程,在示功图上其过程线较为平坦.通过数值计算结果与实验测试结果的比较证实了所建立的压缩过程数学模型的正确性,所得到的压缩热力过程更符合往复压缩机的实际工作过程.     

EFFECTS OF COOLED EXTERNAL EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION ON DIESEL HOMOGENEOUS CHARGE COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

The effects of cooled external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the combustion and emission performance of diesel fuel homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) are studied. Homogeneous mixture is formed by injecting fuel in-cylinder in the negative valve overlap (NVO) period. So, the HCCI combustion which has low NOx and smoke emission is achieved. Cooled external EGR can delay the start of combustion effectively, which is very useful for high cetane fuel (diesel) HCCI, because these fuels can easily self-ignition, which makes the start of combustion more early. External EGR can avoid the knock combustion of HCCI at high load which means that the EGR can expand the high load limit. HCCI maintains low smoke emission at various EGR rate and various load compared with conventional diesel engine because there is no fuel-rich area in cylinder..     

Analysis of compression-induced auto-ignition combustion characteristics of HCCI and ATAC using the same engine

Controlled Auto-ignition (CAI) combustion processes can be broadly divided between a CAI process that is applied to four-cycle engines and a CAI process that is applied to two-cycle engines. The former process is generally referred to as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion and the later process as Active Thermo-Atmosphere Combustion (ATAC). The region of stable engine operation differs greatly between these two processes, and it is thought that the elucidation of their differences and similarities could provide useful information for expanding the operation region of HCCI combustion. In this research, the same two-cycle engine was operated under both the ATAC and HCCI combustion processes to compare their respective combustion characteristics. The results indicated that the ignition timing was less likely to change in the ATAC process in relation to changes in the fuel octane number than it was in the HCCI combustion process.     

Experimental investigation on the effect of charge temperature on ethanol fueled HCCI combustion engine

In this investigation, an attempt has been made to study by varying the charge temperature on the ethanol fueled Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion engine. Ethanol was injected into the intake manifold by using port fuel injection technique while the intake air was heated for achieving stable HCCI operation. The effect of intake air temperature on the combustion, performance, and emissions of the ethanol HCCI operation was compared with the standard diesel operation and presented. The results indicate that the intake air temperature has a significant impact on in-cylinder pressure, ringing intensity, combustion efficiency, thermal efficiency and emissions. At 170°C, the maximum value of combustion efficiency and brake thermal efficiency of ethanol are found to be 98.2% and 43%, respectively. The NO emission is found to be below 11 ppm while the smoke emission is negligible. However, the UHC and CO emissions are higher for the HCCI operation.

     

利用振动加速度识别HCCI发动机燃烧始点

燃烧始点是均质压燃(Homogenous charge compression ignition,HCCI)燃烧控制的基本反馈参数,基于振动加速度信号对HCCI发动机燃烧始点的识别进行研究.建立295HCCI发动机有限元分析模型,基于模型模拟分析了缸盖表面振动加速度信号与缸内压力二次导数之间的关系,指出缸内峰值压力出现...     

全可变气门机构闭环控制试验研究

为进行均质充量压缩燃烧的研究,开发一套进气门升程和相位、排气门升程和相位等4个参数均可独立自由控制的全可变气门机构。同时为研究可变气门技术的控制策略,开发一套全可变气门机构控制策略研究试验平台,包括一台变频调速电动机、液压及润滑系统、全可变气门机构控制单元及其试验管理系统,该平台可在模拟发动机运行的条件下进行气门机构控制策略研究和评价。对可变升程和可变相位闭环控制策略的试验研究结果表明,整套策略可以实现进排气门升程在0～9.7 mm之间、相位在60°范围内连续、快速、稳定的调节,为提高汽油机的效率和实现均质充量压缩燃烧发动机的运行控制奠定了基础。     

Feasibility and performance study of turpentine fueled DI diesel engine operated under HCCI combustion mode

In the present investigation a volatile fraction of Pinus resin called Turpentine has been experimented in a direct injection diesel engine under HCCI combustion mode. The engine chosen to experiment is a single cylinder DI diesel engine and modified in such a way to ignite Turpentine in a diesel engine under HCCI mode. As the Turpentine has a higher self ignition temperature the ignition of Turpentine in regular diesel engines with auto-ignition is not possible. Hence, suitable modification is made in the engine to ignite Turpentine in a diesel engine like diesel fuel. The modified engine has ECM controlled fuel spray and an air preheater in the suction side of the engine. The combined effort of adiabatic compression and supply of preheated air ignites turpentine by auto-ignition and its timing of ignition is precisely controlled by changing intake air temperature. This investigation revealed that the engine operated with turpentine performed well with little loss of brake thermal efficiency. And, emitted comparatively lower emissions such as NO_x and smoke and proved that the turpentine is a best suited fuel for HCCI operation.     

低散热压燃点火天然气发动机的设计与试验

为实现单一燃料天然气的压燃着火，针对天然气自燃温度高的特点，设计了具有低散热结构的分隔式燃烧宣，同时设置了进气管空气加热装置和分隔室内陶瓷电热塞加热装置。实验研究了分隔宣通道尺寸、进气管空气加热温度、燃烧室陶瓷隔热涂层对天然气压燃着火过程的相关影响。     

Analysis and modeling of exhaust gas temperature in an ethanol fuelled HCCI engine

Low exhaust temperature in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) significantly limits efficiency of an exhaust aftertreatment system to mitigate high HC and CO emissions in HCCI engines. This article aims to understand the effect of varying input parameters on HCCI exhaust gas temperature (T_exh) for an ethanol fuelled engine. A single cylinder engine is used to collect experimental data at 100 different HCCI conditions. The results indicate that variation in combustion parameters such as start of combustion (SOC), burn duration (BD) and maximum in-cylinder pressure (P_max) are not effectively correlated with variations of Texh, but the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and constant-volume adiabatic flame temperature (T_ad) are strongly related to T_exh. These experimental findings were then used to design an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict T_exh. The model was validated with the experimental data, indicating an average error less than 4.5°C between predicted and measured T_exh.     

影响燃烧室泄漏量的因素分析研究

首先使用鱼骨图法找出影响燃烧室泄漏量的所有可能因素,然后逐一排除,找出问题的症结,再收集生产中该因素对燃烧室泄漏量的值,最后建立基于固定效应模型的一个数学模型,运用方差分析法分析研究出了影响燃烧室泄漏量的主要因素是导管的材质以及成型工艺,通过实验证明,该理论计算方法是有效的,借此以供同行业参考。