银掺杂三氧化钨复合上转换材料的制备与表征

WO₃本身在紫外光下具有很强的光催化性能,在可见光下能力较弱。为了改善其光催化性能,通过热解法和水热法分别制备出WO₃颗粒和WO₃纳米管基体,采用水热还原法制备出不同质量比的WO₃与Ag复合的光催化剂。以罗丹明B为目标降解物,对其光催化性能进行了测试。结果表明:热解法制备的WO₃与Ag的复合并未改善其光催化性能,水热法制备的WO₃纳米管在与银复合后一定程度上提高了WO₃的光催化效果。为了进一步提高其催化效率,把Ag/WO₃与上转换材料NaYF₄∶Yb,Er进行了复合,并对其进行了光催化实验。实验证明Ag/WO₃与上转换材料NaYF₄∶Yb,Er质量比为0.25时,在暗反应过程中罗丹明B浓度有明显的下降。通过实验表明与上转换材料NaYF₄∶Yb,Er的复合使其具有了良好的吸附性能,在对处理环境污染起到了一定作用。     

WO3纳米花的热处理晶格调控及WO3/CdS/α-S异质结的构筑

为研究热处理过程与异质结构筑对WO₃的光电化学效应的影响机制, 采用低温溶剂热法制备纳米花状WO₃, 通过热处理精确调控WO₃纳米花的活性晶面、晶粒尺寸及结晶度。进一步借助循环化学浴法, 构筑WO₃/CdS/α-S异质结, 并研究其光电化学性能与浓度效应。结果表明, (200)晶面是WO₃纳米花的主要暴露晶面, 且比例随热处理温度升高而增大。350 ℃热处理的WO₃纳米花表现出最高的光响应电流。通过构筑WO₃/CdS/α-S梯形异质结, 增强材料在可见光区的吸收, 以牺牲少部分载流子的方式提高整体光生载流子的分离效率, 促进WO₃的宏观光电化学效应的提升。     

WO3/Bi2MoO6复合薄膜的制备及其光电化学性能

WO₃材料在光电催化方面的应用备受关注,但其光生电子空穴有效分离能力差,对太阳光的利用率较低等问题,限制了其光电催化性能。为了解决这个问题,先用水热法在导电玻璃（FTO）上制备WO₃纳米薄膜,然后使用溶剂热法在WO₃纳米薄膜上制备不同反应时长（7 h、9 h和11 h）的WO₃/Bi₂MoO₆复合薄膜。通过XRD和SEM测试,证明了WO₃/Bi₂MoO₆复合薄膜的成功制备。对WO₃/Bi₂MoO₆复合薄膜样品进行吸收光谱测试、光电流测试、光电催化测试和交流阻抗测试。结果表明：WO₃/Bi₂MoO₆复合薄膜样品相较于单一WO₃纳米薄膜,具有更好的光吸收特性、更优秀的光电流特性和显著提升的光电催化活性。且水热反应9 h的WO₃     

WO3/TiO2复合薄膜的制备及其电致变色性能

使用水热法在掺氟SnO₂涂覆的导电玻璃（FTO）基板上生长TiO₂纳米线,随后在TiO₂纳米线上采用水热法生长WO₃纳米线,制备出WO₃/TiO₂复合薄膜。通过循环伏安法（CV）、计时电流法（CA）、计时电量法（CC）等电化学测试技术研究了WO₃/TiO₂复合薄膜的电致变色性能;采用紫外分光光度计对薄膜的着色﹑漂白状态的响应时间进行测试。通过以上测试,计算得到了薄膜的循环稳定性﹑光调制﹑着色效率和切换时间（Y和X）等参数。结果显示WO₃/TiO₂复合薄膜的电致变色性明显提高,其中WO₃/TiO₂复合薄膜可逆性增加了6%,着色效率提高了40.96 cm2/C。      

WO3/CuWO4复合薄膜的制备及光电化学性能

本工作以两步水热法成功制备了三维立体结构的WO₃/CuWO₄复合薄膜，通过调整CuWO₄的水热时间得到了复合薄膜的最佳制备条件，并对WO₃/CuWO₄复合薄膜进行吸收光谱测试、光电流测试、光电催化测试和电化学阻抗测试。结果表明，所制备的WO₃/CuWO₄-5 h复合薄膜的带隙介于CuWO₄和WO₃之间，为2.44 eV,具有更宽的光谱响应范围；在1.5 V的偏压下，WO₃/CuWO₄-5 h复合薄膜表现出2.11 mA/cm²的高光电流密度；WO₃/CuWO₄-5 h复合薄膜对亚甲基蓝溶液的光电催化降解效率为58.5%,高于WO₃薄膜(降解效率为41.4%);电化学阻抗谱表明，WO₃/CuWO₄薄膜电荷转移电阻比单一W...     

WO3/BiVO4复合薄膜的制备及其光电化学性能

导电玻璃作为基底制备WO₃纳米片薄膜，通过改变旋涂BiVO₄次数，以WO₃纳米片薄膜为基底成功制得不同厚度的WO₃/BiVO₄复合薄膜样品。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析方法对样品进行表征，并对WO₃/BiVO₄复合薄膜样品进行吸收光谱、光电流、光电催化和交流阻抗测试。结果表明：WO₃/BiVO₄复合薄膜样品的光电流密度和光电催化降解效率相较于单一WO₃纳米薄膜都得到了提高，具有更好的光电化学性能。且旋涂两次BiVO₄的WO₃/BiVO₄复合薄膜样品有最高的光电流密度值(1.79 mA/cm²)和光电催化降解效率(约为60.5%),比单一WO₃材料的光电流密度(1.30 mA/cm²)提高了27.4%,光电催化降...     

羟基锡酸盐载铂复合催化剂Pt/(Co,Zn)Sn(OH)6的合成及其甲醇电催化氧化性能

以羟基锡酸盐CoSn（OH）₆和ZnSn（OH）₆纳米空心立方体为前体,采用抗坏血酸作为弱还原剂,经过超声过程分别合成了羟基锡酸钴载Pt/CoSn（OH）₆和羟基锡酸锌载Pt/ZnSn（OH）₆复合催化剂,并在甲醇氧化反应（MOR）中表现出良好的性能。Pt/CoSn（OH）₆和Pt/ZnSn（OH）₆催化剂的单位质量活性分别为1 095.6 mA/mg和699.5 mA/mg,高于C载Pt（Pt/C）的594.6 mA/mg。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS和电化学测试对催化剂晶体结构和性能间的关系进行了探索。CO溶出实验结果表明,羟基锡酸盐载体有利于Pt表面CO的去除,载体与Pt间的强相互作用和载体表面的大量羟基基团增强了催化剂的催化活性和CO抗毒性。此外,Pt/（Co,Zn）Sn（OH）₆催化剂中单质Pt高的相对含量也有利于提高MOR活性。通过研究载铂羟基锡酸盐电催化氧化甲醇性能,能够揭示载体结构对催化性能的影响,有助于羟基锡酸盐载铂复合催化剂在直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFCs）领域的应用。     

锆钛复合氧化物的制备及用作Pt三效催化剂载体的性能

用共沉淀法制备了Zr_0.5Ti_0.5O₂复合氧化物, 考察了沉淀时的pH值、温度及焙烧温度对样品织构性能的影响. 分别用BET、XRD、NH₃-TPD 对样品的织构、结构性能和表面酸性进行了表征. 将经过不同温度焙烧后的样品作为载体制备成Pt/Zr_0.5Ti_0.5O₂催化剂, 考察了催化剂对C₃H₈、CO、NO 的催化性能, 并与传统的以La-Al₂O₃为载体的Pt/La-Al₂O₃汽车尾气三效催化剂进行了比较. 结果表明: 当沉淀时的pH=11、温度为25℃、焙烧温度为550℃时, 所制得的样品具有较好的织构性能(比表面积为195m²· ^-1、孔容为0.28mL·g ^-1)、较强的表面酸性和较宽的酸度分布; 用该样品制备的汽车尾气三效催化剂与传统的以La-Al2O3作载体的Pt/La-Al₂O₃催化剂相比, 具有更好的HC和CO催化性能和优异的NO转化性能.     

复合氧化物的设计合成及其NH3-SCR催化性能研究

以两种表面活性剂Brij-35和P123作为介孔结构造孔剂, 通过水热晶化法, 制备多种活性组分V₂O₅、WO₃、CuO和Al₂O₃共负载的ZrO₂-TiO₂(ZT)基介孔复合氧化物催化剂V₂O₅-WO₃-CuO-Al₂O₃/ ZrO₂-TiO₂(简称VWCuAl/ZT)。研究结果表明, 活性组分均匀分散于介孔载体中, 该复合催化材料针对NO的NH₃-SCR催化反应中, 相比于浸渍法制备的非介孔I-VWCuAl/ZT和商用催化剂V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂(V-W/Ti)表现出优异的低温催化活性和稳定性, 可以在较宽温度范围(200℃~500℃)内实现NO的高效催化还原。     

Pd负载型介孔ZrO2-TiO2复合材料的设计合成及其CO催化氧化性能研究

以介孔结构的复合ZrO₂-TiO₂为载体负载活性组分, 制备了具有高CO催化氧化活性的Pd/ZrO₂-TiO₂与PdCu/ZrO₂-TiO₂负载型催化剂。XRD、TEM研究结果表明: 活性组分Pd、Cu物种可均匀分散于介孔载体中。系统考察了不同的催化剂载体、制备方法和助催化剂等对该介孔复合材料CO催化氧化性能的影响, 结果表明: 以ZrO₂-TiO₂为载体的催化剂其CO催化氧化活性明显优于以介孔Al₂O₃或介孔SBA-15为载体的催化剂; 一步法制备的介孔Pd/ZrO₂-TiO₂催化剂其CO催化氧化的低温活性较浸渍法制备的Pd/ZrO₂-TiO₂有很大提高; 并且Pd和Cu物种共负载的介孔ZrO₂-TiO₂复合催化剂具有最优的CO催化氧化活性, 其CO的完全催化氧化温度可降至170℃, O₂-TPD分析说明Pd和Cu之间的相互作用使得PdCu/ZT催化剂在更低温度具有氧化还原活性。     

尖晶石型AFe2O4催化剂的制备及其催化燃烧甲苯的研究

通过溶胶-凝胶-自蔓延燃烧法制备尖晶石型AFe₂O₄(A=Cu, Co, Ni, Mg, Zn)催化剂, 以甲苯为VOCs模拟气, 考察AFe₂O₄催化剂对VOCs的催化燃烧活性, 并采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、SEM、TEM、H₂-TPR、XPS对催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明: AFe₂O₄表现出较好的催化燃烧活性, 其中CuFe₂O₄的催化燃烧活性最佳, 起燃温度(T50)和完全燃烧温度(T90)分别为188℃、239℃。AFe₂O₄具有明显的片状尖晶石晶体, 并形成以介孔为主的多级孔结构, 该特点为催化剂提供了大量表面活性位。A位元素种类对其催化燃烧活性影响较大, 当A位元素为Cu时, Cu的H₂还原峰面积远大于其他元素, H₂还原温度仅为289℃, 表面亲电子氧和氧空位浓度占氧元素总量(O_ele/O_1S)的36%。CuFe₂O₄为片状反尖晶石晶型, 晶格体积仅为0.294 nm³, 并伴有CuO和α-Fe₂O₃物种。以介孔为主的多级孔结构、特有的片状反尖晶石晶型以及该晶型与CuO和α-Fe₂O₃的协同作用是CuFe₂O₄催化燃烧活性提高的主要原因。     

Mn-doped perovskite-type oxide LaFeO3 as highly active and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen electrode reactions

Perovskite oxides based on the alkaline earth metal lanthanum for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes are promising catalysts, but their catalytic activity and stability remain unsatisfactory. Here, we synthesized a series of LaFe_1−xMn_xO₃ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1) perovskite oxides by doping Mn into LaFeO₃ (LF). The results show that the doping amount of Mn has a significant effect on the catalytic performance. When x = 0.5, the catalyst LaFe_0.5Mn_0.5O₃ (LFM) exhibits the best performance. The limiting current density in 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ KOH solution is 7 mA·cm⁻², much larger than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (5.5 mA·cm⁻²). Meanwhile, the performance of the doped catalyst is also superior to that of commercial Pt/C in terms of the long-term durability. The excellent catalytic performance of LFM may be ascribed to its abundant O²⁻/O⁻ species and low charge transfer resistance after doping the Mn element.     

W掺入对Ti0.8Zr0.2Ce0.2O2.4/Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2催化脱硝性能的优化

以Al₂O₃-TiO₂-SiO₂(ATS)为载体、Ti_0.8Zr_0.2Ce_0.2O_2.4(TZC)为催化活性组分, 采用挤出成型法制备系列整体式TZC/ATS及W掺入催化剂样品。研究了W掺入对催化剂TZC/ATS 的氨气选择性催化还原(NH₃-SCR)脱除NO活性及抗K₂O、CaO等毒性的影响, 比较了Ti_0.8Zr_0.2Ce_0.2W_0.08O_2.64/ATS(TZCW_0.4/ATS)催化剂与V₂O₅(WO₃)/TiO₂催化剂的抗K₂O、CaO等中毒性能, 并采用N₂-BET、XRD、SEM和NH₃-TPD等技术手段分别表征了催化剂的比表面积、固相结构、微观形貌及表面酸性。结果表明, 当活性组分中Ti/Zr/Ce/W元素摩尔比为4:1:1:0.4时, TZCW_0.4/ATS催化剂NH₃-SCR脱除NO的效率最高、稳定性最好。W掺入显著增强了催化剂的抗K₂O及CaO毒性能力, 且TZCW_0.4/ATS催化剂抗K₂O及CaO的中毒能力明显强于V₂O₅(WO₃)/TiO₂催化剂。分析表明, W掺入提高了TZCW_0.4/ATS催化剂的比表面积, 增加了催化剂的表面酸量, 从而优化了催化剂的脱硝性能。     

Electrochemical characterization of nano-sized Pd-based catalysts as cathode materials in direct methanol fuel cells

To improve the catalytic activity of palladium (Pd) as a cathode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), we prepared palladium-titanium oxide (Pd-TiO2) catalysts which the Pd and TiO2 nanoparticles were simultaneously impregnated on carbon. We selected Pd and TiO2 as catalytic materials because of their electrochemical stability in acid solution. The crystal structure and the loading amount of Pd and TiO2 on carbon were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The electrochemical characterization of Pd-TiO2/C catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction was carried out in half and single cell systems. The catalytic activities of the Pd-TiO2 catalysts were strongly influenced by the TiO2 content. In the single cell test, the Pd-TiO2 catalysts showed very comparable performance to the Pt catalyst.     

Characterization of Pt-Cu binary catalysts for oxygen reduction for fuel cell applications

Nanostructured Pt-Cu/C alloy catalysts synthesized by a reduction procedure with different reducing agents are investigated to find the origin of the enhanced activity of the oxygen reduction reaction for fuel cell applications. Prepared catalysts are characterized by various techniques, such as energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cyclic voltammetry. XRD analysis shows that all prepared catalysts exhibit face-centered cubic structures and have smaller lattice parameters than pure Pt catalyst. TEM images show that the particle size of the catalysts increases with the heat treatment temperature, and that different reducing agent causes different particle size and dispersion of the binary catalysts on XC-72R. Using the polyol method with CuSO₄ as the precursor, the Pt-Cu/C sample is found to have good dispersion and high Cu loading. The Pt-Cu/C sample has a slightly higher specific activity value than that of Pt/C. The catalytic activity can be enhanced greatly with hydrogen reduction at 300 °C. Higher reduction temperatures cause the catalytic particles to agglomerate and therefore decreased catalytic activity.     

Heteroepitaxial growth of tungsten oxide films on sapphire for chemical gas sensors

The performance of chemiresistive gas sensors made from semiconducting metal oxide films is influenced by film stoichiometry, crystallographic structure, surface morphology and defect structure. To obtain well-defined microstructures, heteroepitaxial WO₃ films were grown on r-cut and c-cut single crystal sapphire substrates using rf magnetron Ar/O₂ reactive sputtering of a W target. On r-cut sapphire, an epitaxial tetragonal WO₃ phase is produced at a 450°C deposition temperature whereas 650°C growth stabilizes an epitaxial monoclinic WO₃ phase. On c-cut sapphire, a metastable hexagonal WO₃ phase is formed. RHEED and X-ray diffraction indicate that the films have a ‘polycrystalline epitaxial structure’ in which several grains are present, each having the same crystallographic orientation. STM analysis of the film surfaces reveals morphological features that appear to be derived from the substrate symmetries. The monoclinic phase has a step/terrace growth structure, has the smallest mosaic spread in XRD rocking curves and exhibits the highest degree of reproducibility suggesting that it is the best suited for sensor applications. Measurements of film conductivity versus temperature indicate that the charge transport mechanisms are also dependent on the crystallographic phase and microstructure of the WO₃ films.     

氮掺杂石墨烯@碳纳米纤维的原位制备及其电催化氧还原性能

结合静电纺丝和热处理技术, 在含钴碳纳米纤维上原位生长了氮掺杂石墨烯, 制备了三维互通纤维网结构。研究了钴含量对产物氧还原活性的影响。结果表明: 氮掺杂石墨烯的生成和钴的引入均显著提高了电催化活性。纺丝液中六水合硝酸钴与聚丙烯腈的质量比为1: 10时, 获得的催化剂活性最优, 起始电势为0.84 V(vs RHE), 反应为近四电子路径, 具有比铂碳更好的稳定性和耐甲醇毒化能力。三维互通结构促进了电子和质子传输, 并能提供更多的活性位点, 提高电催化活性。这种方法也可用于设计其它三维互通的纤维复合物, 在能源与环境领域具有更广泛的应用前景。