正交各向异性复合柱圆弧型循环对称界面裂纹

讨论反平面载荷作用下空心复合柱的循环对称圆弧型裂纹问题。复合柱由两极正交各向异性功能梯度弹性层粘接而成。采用分离变量将这个混合边值问题转化为Cauchy核奇异积分方程,并用Lobatto-Chebyshev求积法对积分方程进行数值求解,得到了应力强度因子的数值解。分析了梯度非均匀参数,几何与材料参数变动等对应力强度因子的影响。     

非均匀材料界面裂纹的Cell-Based光滑有限元法

为提高非均匀材料界面裂纹尖端断裂参数的求解精度,基于非均匀材料界面断裂力学、Cell-Based光滑有限元(Cell-SFEM)和非均匀材料的互交作用积分法,提出了求解非均匀材料界面裂纹尖端断裂参数的CellBased光滑有限元法,推导了基于Cell-Based光滑有限元法的非均匀材料的互交作用积分法,对非均匀材料间的界面裂纹尖端处正则应力强度因子进行了求解,并与参考解进行了比较,讨论了互交积分区域大小和光滑子元个数与正则应力强度因子的关系。数值算例结果表明:本方法具有很高的计算精度,对积分区域大小不敏感,可为设计、制造抗破坏非均匀材料提供依据。     

梯度涂层材料中裂纹问题的非均匀元分析

本文采用非均匀等参有限元的方法研究了薄膜梯度涂层/均匀基材中的界面裂纹问题,并与双材料界面裂纹情况进行了对比计算。研究表明:在均匀基材上采用梯度涂层,与双材料相比可以有效地降低裂尖场应力强度因子;同时还分析了涂层厚度与梯度参数对界面应力强度因子的影响。结果表明:当薄膜厚度大于或等于裂纹长度时,应力强度因子(KI、KII)对其尺度的变化显得不敏感;对梯度参数的影响而言,当材料性能曲线的幂指数m大于1时,裂尖场的应力强度因子KII相对KI很小且基本不随m变化,因此裂尖场与均匀材料情况类似;当m小于1时,应力强度因子KII随m减小而急剧增大,裂尖场由KI及KII控制,断裂趋于混合型。     

ZrO2-Ni功能梯度材料的热冲击与热疲劳行为

通过抗热震参数分析和热循环试验研究了ZrO2-Ni功能梯度材料（FGM）的热冲击与热疲劳行为及其影响因素。结果表明,ZrO2-Ni FGM热热震参数呈梯度分布,ZrO2侧抗热冲击断裂能力强而富Ni区热疲劳抗力高。其热震破坏符合热疲劳损伤机理,裂纹的准静态扩展为其控制因素。热疲劳裂纹在梯度层内以微孔聚集、连接方式萌生和扩展,而在梯度层间无横向贯穿裂纹,克服了传统陶瓷／金属结合体的界面热应力剥离问题。     

倾斜应力作用下垂直于功能梯度材料夹层的币型裂纹扩展问题

分析了功能梯度材料中币型裂纹扩展问题。该裂纹体受有与裂纹面成任意角度的张应力或压应力,裂纹垂直于无限域中功能梯度材料夹层。假定非均匀介质的功能梯度材料夹层与两个半无限域完全结合,其弹性模量沿厚度方向变化。利用已发表的裂纹应力强度因子数据和线弹性断裂力学的叠加原理,将应力强度因子耦合于最小应变能密度因子断裂判据,讨论了裂纹扩展的临界荷载;并讨论了荷载方向和材料性质对临界荷载的影响。     

压电介质夹杂功能梯度压电带界面双裂纹反平面问题

利用积分方程方法,本文研究了夹在两个均匀压电半空间的功能梯度压电带界面共线双裂纹的反平面问题。在电渗透型边界条件下,通过Fourier余弦变换将所考虑的问题化为一对偶积分方程,再用Copson方法将该对偶积分方程转化为Fredholm方程进行数值求解,从而给出了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,电位移强度因子的表达式。分析了裂纹长度,功能梯度非均匀参数以及材料的几何尺寸等对应力强度因子的影响。     

对称型陶瓷层状复合材料中的残余应力分析

针对由层间约束引起的层内残余应力，提出了用于描述层合材料应力应变状态的非均匀应变模型。利用非均匀应变模型推导出对称型层合材料由层间约束引起的层内残余应力的解析表达式，得到层内应力和界面应力沿长度方向分布的变化规律，指出轴向残余应力是层间界面剪应力造成的，是位置的函数；论证了由于表层材料受力的非对称性，界面必定存在正应力，且界面正应力须自平衡，界面正应力亦为长度方向上位置的函数，针对Si3N4-Si3N4/TiN-Si3N4三层及多层（2N＋1）对称型陶瓷基层状复合材料，研究了残余应力对强界面结合的层合材料宏观力学性能和裂纹扩展行为的影响和作用。结果表明，材料的宏观性能随着残余应力的变化而变化，其变化规律与理论计算的结果吻合。     

梯度复合材料应力强度因子计算的梯度扩展单元法

推导了一种适用于梯度复合材料断裂特性分析的梯度扩展单元, 采用细观力学方法描述材料变化的物理属性, 通过线性插值位移场给出了4节点梯度扩展元随空间位置变化的刚度矩阵, 并建立了结构的连续梯度有限元模型。通过将梯度单元的计算结果与均匀单元以及已有文献结果进行对比, 证明了梯度扩展有限元(XFEM)的优越性, 并进一步讨论了材料参数对裂纹尖端应力强度因子(SIF)的影响规律。研究结果表明: 随着网格密度的增加, 梯度单元的计算结果能够迅速收敛于准确解, 均匀单元的计算误差不会随着网格细化而消失, 且随着裂纹长度和属性梯度的增大而增大; 属性梯度和涂层基体厚度比的增大导致涂覆型梯度材料的SIF增大; 裂纹长度的增加和连接层基体厚度比的减小均导致连接型梯度材料的SIF增大。     

梯度复合材料应力强度因子计算的梯度扩展单元法

推导了一种适用于梯度复合材料断裂特性分析的梯度扩展单元,采用细观力学方法描述材料变化的物理属性,通过线性插值位移场给出了4节点梯度扩展元随空间位置变化的刚度矩阵,并建立了结构的连续梯度有限元模型.通过将梯度单元的计算结果与均匀单元以及已有文献结果进行对比,证明了梯度扩展有限元(XFEM)的优越性,并进一步讨论了材料参数对裂纹尖端应力强度因子(SIF)的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着网格密度的增加,梯度单元的计算结果能够迅速收敛于准确解,均匀单元的计算误差不会随着网格细化而消失,且随着裂纹长度和属性梯度的增大而增大;属性梯度和涂层基体厚度比的增大导致涂覆型梯度材料的SIF增大;裂纹长度的增加和连接层基体厚度比的减小均导致连接型梯度材料的SIF增大.     

材料不均匀层对垂直裂纹的作用

界面层(或界面相)断裂行为是复合材料细观力学的一个重要问题。本文研究裂纹垂直侵入双材料之间刚度性质呈单调变化的界面层的断裂问题。近似分析与大规模有限元计算均表明:当裂纹从软相一侧跨越界面层时,裂尖应力强度因子不断上升;当裂纹从硬相一侧跨越界面层时,裂尖应力强度因子不断下降。      

The influence of a spatially non-homogeneous trap distribution on the transient currents in insulating layers at high fields

In this paper the influence of a spatially non-homogeneous trap distribution on the transient currents in insulating layers for high fields, weak injection and fast trapping is discussed. Two approximate solutions to the transport equations are obtained by including a non-homogeneous trap distribution in the previous formulation of Arnett (P. C. Arnett), J. Appl. Phys., 46 (1975) 5236); the discharge of the layer is also considered. The spatial behaviour of the trap density is assumed to be exponential and this is applied to the solutions obtained. Formulae relating the trap distribution parameters to electrically measurable quantities are proposed.     

新型分层模型求解非均匀土层轴对称问题

该文通过应用一种新的分层模型求解了剪切模量任意变化的非均匀土层受轴对称荷载时的表面位移沉降。根据任意曲线都可以用一系列连续的直线段来逼近,非均匀土层被分为若干个子层,在每个子层中,假设剪切模量沿厚度方向按线性变化,在子层的界面上剪切模量连续并且等于实际值。应用Hankel积分变换和传递矩阵方法,求解了剪切模量按照不同函数形式变化的表面沉降。     

Analytical solution for the axisymmetric plane strain electroelastic dynamics of a special non-homogeneous piezoelectric hollow cylinder

By virtue of the introduction of a dependent variable and the separation of variables technique, the axisymmetric plane strain electroelastic dynamic problem of a special non-homogeneous piezoelectric hollow cylinder is transformed to a Volterra integral equation of the second kind about a function with respect to time, which can be solved successfully by means of the interpolation method. Then the solutions of displacements, stresses, electric displacements and electric potential are obtained. The present method is suitable for a piezoelectric hollow cylinder with an arbitrary thickness subjected to arbitrary mechanical and electrical loads. Numerical results are finally presented.     

The anti-plane vibration of a quartz plate with an additional partial non-uniform mass layer for acoustic wave sensing

The anti-plane vibration of a quartz plate having an additional partial non-uniform mass layer is solved by ignoring the effect of small c ₅₆ in comparison with other elastic constants. This analysis is based on the trigonometric series solution, and the convergence is examined. Numerical simulation is conducted for several different types of layers of different thicknesses using linear, cosine, and quadratic functions. The frequency spectrums, in addition to the length and mass fraction of the layer, are discussed separately. Compared with the homogeneous mass layer, the non-homogeneous layer with greater inertia leads to earlier appearance of the higher modes and more modes trapped under the same condition. Especially, there is no energy trapping in the plate with a fully covered uniform mass layer. However, this kind of energy trapping can be obtained again when the surface is non-uniform for some cases.     

Generalized Thermoelasticity of Thermal-Shock Problem in a Non-homogeneous Isotropic Hollow Cylinder with Energy Dissipation

A solution of a thermal-shock problem of generalized thermoelasticity of a non-homogeneous isotropic hollow cylinder using a finite-element method is developed. The formulation is applied to the generalized thermoelasticity based on the Green and Naghdi (GN) theory of type II and type III by an appropriate choice of parameters. The problem has been solved numerically using a finite-element method. Numerical results for the distributions of displacement, temperature, radial stress, and hoop stress are represented graphically. The results indicate that the effects of non-homogeneity are very pronounced. The effects of non-homogeneity are presented with the two types of the Green and Naghdi theory.     

Analysis for buckling and vibrations of composite stiffened shells and plates

This paper deals with development of triangular finite element for buckling and vibration analysis of laminated composite stiffened shells. For the laminated shell, an equivalent layer shell theory is employed. The first-order shear deformation theory including extension of the normal line is used. In order to take into account a non-homogeneous distribution of the transverse shear stresses a correction of transverse shear stiffness is employed. Based on the equivalent layer theory with six degrees of freedom (three displacements and three rotations), a finite element that ensures C⁰ continuity of the displacement and rotation fields across inter-element boundaries has been developed. Numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy and convergence characteristics of the element. Results of vibration and buckling analysis of stiffened plates and shells are discussed.     

Au/In等温凝固焊接失效模式研究

研究了Au/In等温凝固芯片焊接的失效模式,对每种失效模式的失效原因进行了讨论,并提出了相应的解决途径。结果表明：镀铟层过厚,会使焊层中产生Ni9In4相和大量空洞,导致焊层出现早期失效;焊接过程中芯片与衬底平行度不好,会使加载压力在焊区分布不均,并导致焊区局部区域发生Au/In不浸润;焊接温度过高,则焊层内会出现较大的热应力,可导致芯片或焊层开裂;在300℃高温下,由于过渡层Ni与Au/In相的反应,焊区内出现大量空洞,导致焊层剪切强度下降。对Au/In体系在未来高温电子器件芯片焊接中的应用,尚需寻找合适的过渡层材料。     

Transient responses of a special non-homogeneous magneto-electro-elastic hollow cylinder for a fully coupled axisymmetric plane strain problem

Summary By means of introducing a new dependent variable and the separation of variables technique as well as the superposition method, the axisymmetric plane strain dynamic problem of a special non-homogeneous magneto-electro-elastic hollow cylinder is finally transformed to two Volterra integral equations of the second kind with respect to two functions of time. At each time subinterval, a cubic Hermite polynomial is adopted to approximate the two undetermined functions, and the recursive formula is obtained.The integral equation is then solved successfully. The transient responses of displacements, stresses, electric and magnetic potentials are finally determined. Numerical results are presented at the end.     

Morphology of hollow crystals of II–VI compounds

Published data on hollow crystals of II–VI compounds are reviewed. The experimental conditions for obtaining hollow crystals are discussed and presented systematically in tables. Some inferences concerning the effect of impurities, supersaturation, type of substrate and other factors on the growth of hollow crystals are made. Particular attention is paid to the structure, form and defects of hollow crystals and it is established that they can be classified in the following groups: hollow hexagonal columns and prisms, hollow pyramids, hollow crystals with spiral-like hexagonal form and hollow crystals with a more complex structure consisting of whisker-pyramid-prism. The mechanism and kinetics of the growth of hollow crystals as presented by different authors are discussed.     

Slow decay of end effects in layered structures with an imperfect interface

An asymptotic analysis of a layered structure with an imperfect interface subject to an anti-plane shear deformation and non-homogeneous Dirichlet end conditions is presented in this paper. Two layers of isotropic materials are bonded via a middle interface layer (adhesive joint), which is thin and soft; effectively, this can be described as a discontinuity surface for the displacement. Model fields are constructed to compensate for the error produced by the asymptotic solution for the case when the layered structure is subject to non-homogeneous Dirichlet end conditions. Numerical examples and analytical estimates are presented to illustrate the slow decay of the `boundary-layer' fields.