双轴压弯作用下RC桥墩矩形空心截面性能评价

针对双轴压弯作用下钢筋混凝土(RC)空心截面性能评价问题,该文根据双轴压弯作用下RC矩形空心截面中和轴布置的不同形式,推导了双轴压弯作用下其承载力计算公式和曲率计算公式。对双轴压弯作用下轴压比、配筋率和配箍率不同的3个RC矩形空心截面试件体桥墩的墩底控制截面,进行了承载力和转动延性分析,得出其在给定轴力作用下的M_x-M_y曲线和弯矩-曲率曲线,并通过其双轴压弯循环荷载试验,验证了分析结果的正确性和精确性。在此基础上,对一连续刚构桥梁的RC矩形空心桥墩的承载能力、截面转动延性以及相关参数进行了分析。结果表明,双轴压弯作用下两主轴方向弯矩耦合作用降低了截面的极限承载能力,单轴压弯作用的截面设计对结构是偏于不安全的;随中和轴与某一轴夹角的增大,该轴极限弯矩和曲率逐渐减小,而沿另一主轴方向的极限弯矩和曲率逐渐增大,但均小于其强轴方向的极限弯矩和转动曲率,该文的结论可为RC矩心空心截面桥墩的抗震设计和性能评价提供参考。     

FRP布约束RC矩形空心桥墩抗震性能试验研究

为研究纤维增强复合材料(FRP)布约束钢筋混凝土(RC)矩形空心桥墩抗震性能,进行六个高宽比为4的矩形空心桥墩拟静力试验研究,分析FRP布约束矩形空心桥墩破坏形态、位移延性、耗能、最大水平承载力等抗震性能参数。试验结果表明：在轴压比0.2低轴压荷载作用下,采用FRP布加固可明显提高矩形空心桥墩的延性及耗能,位移延性系数及累计耗能分别提高65.4%,25.8%,但对最大承载力影响较小,仅提高3.0%。基于Clough退化双线性滞回模型,结合试验结果,建立考虑强度、刚度退化等FRP布约束RC矩形空心桥墩的简单滞回模型,给出其卸载刚度与再加载刚度的回归公式。     

水平双向反复荷载作用下RC矩形空心桥墩的滞回模型研究EI北大核心CSCD

为了评价复杂地震荷载作用下钢筋混凝土(RC)空心桥墩的抗震性能,对3根RC矩形空心桥墩进行了"回型"水平双向反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,并基于有限元数值分析方法,研究了该类加载制度下RC矩形空心桥墩的水平力-位移滞回曲线,及双向弯曲作用下RC矩形空心截面的弯矩-曲率。分析探讨了轴压比、壁厚、双轴弯曲强度比参数影响下RC矩形空心桥墩的滞回特性、破坏特征和截面受力性能模拟结果,提出了"回型"水平双向加载下RC矩形空心桥墩的滞回曲线模型,该模型考虑了水平双向加载对构件强度、刚度和位移的耦合效应。应用该模型得到的RC矩形空心桥墩的水平力-位移骨架曲线和滞回曲线的计算值与试验结果吻合较好。     

水平双向反复荷载作用下RC矩形空心桥墩的滞回模型研究

为了评价复杂地震荷载作用下钢筋混凝土(RC)空心桥墩的抗震性能,对3根RC矩形空心桥墩进行了"回型"水平双向反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验,并基于有限元数值分析方法,研究了该类加载制度下RC矩形空心桥墩的水平力-位移滞回曲线,及双向弯曲作用下RC矩形空心截面的弯矩-曲率。分析探讨了轴压比、壁厚、双轴弯曲强度比参数影响下RC矩形空心桥墩的滞回特性、破坏特征和截面受力性能模拟结果,提出了"回型"水平双向加载下RC矩形空心桥墩的滞回曲线模型,该模型考虑了水平双向加载对构件强度、刚度和位移的耦合效应。应用该模型得到的RC矩形空心桥墩的水平力-位移骨架曲线和滞回曲线的计算值与试验结果吻合较好。     

钢筋混凝土拱承载力分析的齐次广义屈服函数

为了解决弹性模量调整法应用于钢筋混凝土(RC)结构的难题，建立了矩形截面RC偏压构件的通用齐次广义屈服函数。充分考虑RC偏压构件的破坏机理，并利用二次函数建立了矩形截面RC构件的分段光滑压弯承载力相关方程。通过回归分析建立分区表达的截面特征函数，以综合考虑钢筋混凝土偏压构件的截面几何和材料性能对承载力的影响，在此基础上采用分数指数幂的一阶多项式建立矩形截面RC偏压构件的齐次广义屈服函数。利用单元承载比定义高承载单元的自适应识别准则，通过有策略地缩减高承载单元的弹性模量模拟RC拱结构高应力区域的刚度退化，并根据线弹性迭代分析确定RC拱的极限承载力，据此提出了RC结构承载力分析的弹性模量缩减法。通过与模型试验及增量非线性有限元法对比分析，验证了该文方法具有较高的计算精度与计算效率。     

地震荷载作用下FRP加固钢筋混凝土圆柱变形能力计算方法研究

基于性能的抗震设计要求对结构的变形能力能够进行计算,以确保不同的性能目标要求得以满足。该文研究地震荷载作用下纤维增强复合材料(FRP)加固钢筋混凝土(RC)圆柱截面曲率延性和柱顶侧向位移角计算方法。根据数值计算结果,得到了截面屈服曲率计算方法,由试验结果得到了FRP加固RC圆柱截面极限曲率计算方法。试验结果表明加固柱塑性铰长度和FRP用量密切相关,通过对29个大比例柱试验结果进行回归,得到了加固柱塑性铰长度计算方法,并分析了高FRP用量导致加固柱塑性铰长度减小的原因。经参数分析,探讨了FRP用量、轴压比与加固柱顶侧向变形能力的关系,提出了具有理想加固效率的FRP用量上限范围。     

钢筋混凝土矩形空心桥墩抗震性能

针对钢筋混凝土(RC)矩形空心桥墩基于性能抗震设计所需要的性能量化参数和抗震性能问题,该文对高宽比、轴压比、纵向和横向配筋率不同的12个约束良好的RC矩形空心桥墩,开展了恒定轴力作用下的水平循环荷载试验研究,并把试验观测到的桥墩主要损伤状态与工程设计参数联系起来,以满足基于性能抗震设计所需要的量化指标。在此基础上,基于OpenSees软件平台,采用纤维模型对试件体桥墩的滞回性能进行数值模拟,模拟结果与试验数据吻合良好。结果表明:使用累积概率曲线,可以较好地把混凝土开裂和剥落等主要损伤状态与混凝土压应变和纵向钢筋拉应变等工程极限状态联系起来,为基于性能的桥梁抗震设计提供量化指标。试件体桥墩的延性系数在3.71~8.29,等效粘滞阻尼比在0.19~0.31,延性系数和耗能指标均满足结构抗震设计要求。该横向配筋构型的RC矩形空心桥墩,可以作为当前我国公路桥梁抗震设计细则(JTG/T B02-01-2008)矩形空心截面横向配筋构型的一种补充。     

FRP筋混凝土T形和矩形截面梁抗弯承载力计算方法

为建立纤维增强复合材料(fiber-reinforced polymer,FRP)筋混凝土T形和矩形截面梁抗弯承载力简化计算方法,根据平衡破坏状态下的截面分析,定义了等效FRP配筋率ρ_ef和相应的平衡配筋率ρ_{ef, b}。在此基础上,基于257根FRP筋混凝土梁试验结果的统计分析,改进了受拉破坏和受压破坏皆可能发生的过渡区范围(ρ_{ef, b} <ρ_ef≤1.5ρ_{ef, b})。编制了受拉破坏控制截面的非线性分析程序,考虑多个设计参数的影响,开展了25 344个截面的参数分析。通过对参数分析结果的多元回归分析,推导了受拉破坏控制截面的抗弯承载力简化计算公式。此外,基于截面内力平衡和协调条件,推导了受压破坏控制截面的抗弯承载力计算公式。以国内外257根梁抗弯承载力试验结果,验证了所提方法的适用性。     

震损RC柱FRP加固后抗震性能数值模拟分析

使用有限元软件ABAQUS,基于箍筋约束混凝土、钢筋以及FRP材料的材料本构模型,完成了未震损未加固、未震损FRP加固和震损后FRP加固的RC柱抗震数值模拟分析。对震损后FRP加固的RC柱,完成不同程度震损模拟;使用生死单元法实现严重震损混凝土的剔除与替换以及FRP的加固;再模拟修复加固后RC柱的加载,模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。对比了3种RC柱抗震性能的数值模拟结果,发现严重震损后用FRP加固的RC柱其抗侧刚度与承载力不能完全恢复,需要考虑不同损伤程度与不同FRP加固措施等对加固效果的影响。研究了不同损伤程度和加固方法下的RC柱,结果表明：对于中等震损的试件,纵横向FRP组合加固可以完全恢复并超越原有抗震性能;对严重损伤RC柱,外围损伤严重混凝土的修复与替换是影响震损RC柱加固后性能的关键;相较于仅有横向GFRP环向加固,纵横向FRP组合加固的效果更好。     

RC圆柱受弯承载力极限值计算方法研究

运用数值计算方法对钢筋混凝土(RC)圆柱破坏时截面受弯承载力极限值进行计算,计算时考虑了箍筋对混凝土的约束效应和纵筋应力强化效应。计算结果显示截面受弯承载力极限值比规范规定的理论值有较大增加,特别是在轴压较高、箍筋约束效果明显时。截面受压区高度计算是RC圆柱截面受弯承载力计算的关键。圆柱破坏时截面受压区高度主要受轴压比、配箍特征值和纵筋配筋特征值三个参数影响。根据数值计算的结果进行回归,提出了受压区对应圆心角απ计算方法。在此基础上通过理论分析并结合95个大比例试件试验结果,提出截面受弯承载力极限值计算方法,计算结果与试验结果吻合很好。参数分析的结果表明在轴压比为0.6时截面受弯承载力极限值比规范公式计算值能提高60%左右,这一显著的弯矩强化效应值得在设计中引起重视。     

Analysis of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted with fiber reinforced polymer lamina

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) lamina have been used widely in the last decade to enhance strength and deformation capacity of deficient reinforced concrete (RC) columns. Seismic assessment and retrofit of existing columns in buildings and bridge piers necessitate accurate prediction of the available deformation capacity. In this study, a new analytical model is proposed to represent potential plastic hinge regions of RC columns prior to and after FRP retrofit. A recently developed variable confined concrete representation is employed within the framework of fiber-discretized frame elements to model the compression zone of the FRP-confined region. Confinement distribution within this region is included through the use of a bond model, whereas the effect of lap splices are considered using an effective steel strain concept. Comparisons of analytical estimates with experimentally measured response show that the proposed model is capable of capturing essential features of the response such as strength degradation due to lap splice slippage, and failure due to FRP rupture. Furthermore, a detailed sensitivity study is conducted to determine the parameters whose uncertainty significantly affects the behavior. It is observed that, in estimating the response of existing deficient columns, parameters such as plastic hinge length, concrete strength and splice length are important sources of uncertainty. While for FRP-retrofitted columns, parameters such as jacket stiffness, dilatation strain at splice failure and yield strength of the reinforcing bars are more important sources of uncertainty.     

Compressive behavior of large-scale square reinforced concrete columns confined with carbon fiber reinforced polymer jackets

Several experimental and analytical studies on the confinement effect and failure mechanisms of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapped columns have been conducted over recent years. Although typical axial members are large-scale square/rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) columns in practice, the majority of such studies have concentrated on the behavior of small-scale circular concrete specimens. The data available for square/rectangular columns are still limited. This paper reports the results of an experimental research program on the performance of large-scale square RC columns wrapped with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets. Attention is focused on the investigation of the total effect of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement and FRP jackets on the behavior of concentrically loaded columns. A total of 20 large-scale RC columns were fabricated and tested to failure under axial loading in the structural laboratory. Three types of columns were primarily considered: unwrapped; fully wrapped; and partially wrapped. Based on the test results of RC columns, existing experimental data and procedures in the literature are also evaluated. Furthermore, stress–strain curves of the columns are successfully predicted by the analytical approach previously proposed for FRP-confined concrete.     

A study of reinforced concrete bridge columns retrofitted by steel jackets

Abstract

In this paper, theoretical and experimental results of two as‐built circular reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns and two columns retrofitted with steel jackets are presented. A constitutive model for concrete confined by a steel jacket is proposed. The proposed model is implemented into a sectional analysis to predict the lateral load‐deformation relationship of retrofitted columns. 2/5 scaled RC bridge columns are designed based on the standard details of the existing bridge columns mostly built in late 1980s and early 1990s, in Taiwan (Ministry of Transportation and Communication, 1987; 1995). The columns are expected to have a flexural failure mode during severe ground shaking. Displacement‐controlled cyclic loading tests were conducted to obtain the seismic performance of the columns. The experimental results showed that the bridge column retrofitted with steel jacketing could greatly improve seismic performance measured based by the strength and ductility. The analytical results showed that the proposed constitutive model, implementing sectional analysis, could well capture the lateral force‐displacement relationship of the bridge columns retrofitted with steel jackets.     

Comparative behaviour of hollow columns confined with FRP composites

Confining columns with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been investigated in the last few decades to address the problem of upgrading and retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) columns; however, most studies have concentrated on solid columns. This paper investigates the comparative behaviour of FRP confined hollow RC columns subjected to concentric loading. A total of twelve RC columns made from high strength concrete (HSC) were cast and tested. Six of the columns had a circular cross section (two solid columns, two hollow columns each having a circular hole, and two hollow columns each having a square hole) and the remainder columns had a square cross section (two solid columns, two hollow columns each having a circular hole, and two hollow columns each having a square hole). Six columns in total, three from each configuration were left unconfined as control specimens, while the others were confined with FRP. It was found that FRP confinement increased hollow RC columns’ axial load and ductility capacities; and hollow columns having circular holes had better performance compared to hollow columns having square holes.     

基于Bayesian理论的弯剪破坏钢筋混凝土柱变形能力概率模型

为了准确预测地震作用下弯剪破坏钢筋混凝土（RC）柱的变形能力,基于Bayesian理论提出了一种建立柱类构件变形能力概率模型的方法。首先对已有RC柱变形能力公式进行评价并选作先验模型,再借助美国PEER柱抗震性能试验数据库中发生弯剪破坏的20根矩形截面RC墩柱的拟静力试验数据作为客观认识,应用Bayesian参数估计方法综合这两类信息进行推断,修正先验模型的偏差从而建立反复荷载作用下弯剪破坏RC柱变形能力的概率模型;采用Bayesian方法剔除影响修正效果不显著的因素以获得模型简化,达到对先验模型的动态更新。最后,讨论了不同形式修正项对修正效果的影响。结果表明,Bayesian方法既继承了先验信息的完备性,又利用了试验数据的准确性,建议的概率模型较已有公式能够更准确地预测弯剪破坏RC柱的变形能力,从而为RC柱抗震设计或评估中考虑能力不确定性提供了便利。     

矩形RC桥墩变形能力概率模型

桥墩是桥梁抗侧力体系中的关键构件。为实现基于概率和性能的桥梁抗震设计的多级性能目标,有必要给出桥墩在不同性能极限状态下的概率能力。基于已有研究工作,将RC桥墩的抗震性能水平划分为五个等级,并定义了相应的性能极限状态。采用等效集中塑性铰理论,推导并建立了各性能极限状态下RC墩柱变形能力的确定性计算公式;基于183个矩形RC墩柱试件的拟静力试验结果,通过多元回归分析,确定了各计算公式中与轴压比、长细比和配箍特征值等设计参数相关的待定系数。基于确定性计算模型和拟静力试验结果,考虑认知不确定性,建立了矩形RC墩柱变形能力的概率模型。通过实例分析,表明该模型可用于基于概率和性能的桥梁抗震设计和抗震 评估。     

Axial stress–strain relationship for FRP confined circular and rectangular concrete columns

A general mathematical model is developed to describe the stress–strain (f_c–ε_c) relationship of FRP confined concrete. The relationship is applicable to both circular and rectangular columns, and accounts for the main parameters that influence the stress–strain response. These include the area and material properties of the external FRP wraps, the aspect ratio of rectangular column sections, the corner radius used for FRP application, and the volumetric ratio and configuration of internal transverse steel. The proposed model reproduced accurately experimental results of stress–strain or load–deformation response of circular and rectangular columns. In addition to its importance in evaluating the effect of FRP confinement on the ultimate axial strength of concrete columns, the developed f_c–ε_c relationship can be employed very efficiently and effectively for analyzing the response of FRP confined concrete under different types of load application.     

震损钢筋混凝土柱剩余能力的数值模型

基于PEER数据库中公开的钢筋混凝土(RC)框架柱试验资料和已有地震损伤指数模型,总结了RC框架柱在产生不同损伤等级时对应的破坏特征,提出了相应的损伤等级评定标准。研究了RC框架柱在地震损伤过程中混凝土和钢筋的损伤演化规律,分别建立了震损RC框架柱损伤区不同位置处混凝土和钢筋的损伤演化方程,提出了考虑震损RC框架柱初始损伤的混凝土模型和钢筋模型。基于OpenSEES平台和纤维模型,建立了一种直接基于材料本构关系的震损RC框架柱的数值模型,该模型考虑了损伤区不同位置处截面材料的损伤差异以及同一截面不同位置处材料的损伤差异。任意选取已有的13根RC框架柱试验资料对震损RC框架柱的数值模型计算结果进行校验。结果表明该文模型能够较为准确的预测震损RC框架柱的剩余抗震能力。研究结果为震后RC结构的性能评估和加固决策提供分析模型。     

焊接环式箍筋约束高强混凝土柱抗震性能研究

通过室内模型低周往复加载试验及非线性有限元分析,对焊接环式箍筋约束高强混凝土柱的抗震性能进行了研究。研究了轴压比、配箍率两个参数对柱抗震性能的影响规律。结果表明:通过ABAQUS软件对焊接环式箍筋约束高强混凝土柱的有限元分析结果与试验结果符合较好;随着轴压比的提高,柱的水平承载力变大,延性和耗能能力变差,骨架曲线的强度下降段较陡;随着体积配箍率的增大,柱的承载力、延性和耗能能力均有所提升。通过回归分析,得出适用于焊接环式箍筋约束高强混凝土柱的抗剪承载力的公式,可供设计参考。