Ti6Al4V粉末热等静压致密化的数值模拟

利用MSC.Marc对Ti6Al4V粉末热等静压致密化进行数值模拟,选用Shima屈服准则,分析了粉末在热等静压过程中颗粒的流动及整体致密化趋势。同时,通过热等静压试验,验证了数值模拟结果的准确性。模拟结果表明:粉末在致密化过程中先受热膨胀后收缩致密;除包套端盖与侧壁夹角处的粉末相对密度较低以外其他区域密度相差不大,部分区域已达全致密。试验表明:压坯的收缩量、相对密度分布与模拟结果基本一致。数值模拟结果合理可靠,可以为成形复杂钛合金构件提供参考。     

多目标质量的粉末包套等通道挤扭成形致密工艺参数优化

剧烈塑性变形法—挤扭以剪切塑变为主变形方式,成形工艺复杂,影响因素很多,难以精确地建立工艺参数与成形质量之间的关系;选取优化合理的工艺参数匹配是材料尤其是粉末材料成形无破裂、塑性好、致密化程度高等成形质量的关键。以等通道横截面扭转角、螺旋角、摩擦因子、挤压速度、初始相对密度为自变量,正交试验为设计方案,对纯铝粉末烧结材料进行一道次包套等通道扭挤数值模拟,获得以等效塑性应变、静水压力、最大损伤值、相对密度数据,通过层次分析法计算多质量目标的权重,运用追踪点法和灰色系统理论的灰色关联度优化工艺参数,使设计目标值达到等效应变最大、静水压力最大、最大损伤值最小、相对密度最大。模拟和试验结果表明,运用多目标优化组合参数进行等通道挤扭成形能使纯铝粉末体材料迅速地形变累积,静水压力提高,损伤值显著地减小,致密效率高,晶粒明显细化,提高了材料综合质量。     

护环扩挤复合成形新工艺的模拟研究

针对护环锻造成形中存在的问题,提出了一种扩挤复合成形新工艺。运用刚塑性有限元数值模拟与物理模拟相结合的方法,分析研究了环坯复合成形过程的变形规律,对模具几何结构参数和扩孔与挤压变形的匹配关系进行了优化,有限元模拟与试验结果一致。研究表明,该新工艺具有轴对称变形均匀、剪切变形量大及压缩与剪切复合变形等特点,能够改善现用成形工艺,因而可以在生产中应用。     

Inconel625合金波纹管的微束等离子焊接

为了解决Inconel625合金波纹管的原材料问题，采用微束等离子焊接方法，研究了Inconel625合金带材焊接Φ25×0.2管坯的焊接工艺，通过焊管胀形试验，验证了不同工艺参数焊接的管坯焊缝的力学性能；通过金相分析了不同工艺参数焊接的管坯焊缝的组织状态；通过波纹管成形试验，验证了采用最佳工艺参数焊接的Inconel625合金管坯，焊缝力学性能指标与母材相当，满足波纹管成形要求。     

超大规格GH4169高温合金螺栓成形工艺及模具结构优化

针对大规格GH4169高温合金螺栓成形难度大、模具易开裂寿命低等问题,研究其成形工艺及模具结构.结合金属塑性成形理论,提出其成形工艺方案.采用Deform-3D有限元分析软件对提出的工艺方案进行数值模拟,分析了成形过程中的载荷-行程曲线、金属流动规律等,根据成形工艺,设计并优化相应模具结构,最后进行了工艺试验.通过数值...     

盒形件充液拉深成形工艺优化及试验研究

本文主要研究充液拉深成形技术在复杂异形长法兰类盒形件成形过程中的应用,首先对该类零件的材料进行了力学性能和成形性能测试分析,获取材料的成形极限,确定了充液拉深成形方案;建立了盒形件的有限元仿真模型,模拟了盒形件在充液拉深成形过程中材料的壁厚变化情况,通过成形缺陷分析对关键工艺参数低压充液时间TLP、整形时间TIP、最大压边力Fmax、液体流速Vel％,最大成形力Pmax及时效时间Tw等进行了重新设计,并通过数值模拟和试验验证相结合的方法优化了工艺参数;最终,完成了盒形件充液拉深成形流程再造,确定出最优的工艺参数,并成功实现盒形件的充液拉深成形,使其制造效率和产品质量大幅提升,为低塑性、难变形材料盒形件的批量制造奠定了工艺基础.     

基于板料成形数值模拟的冲压模具结构分析方法

针对结构复杂的大型汽车冲压件成形模具,提出一种基于板料成形数值模拟的冲压模具结构分析方法.先通过板料成形数值模拟获得变形板料对模具的作用力,然后在模具结构分析时,将此作用力施加到模具上以代替板料对模具的作用,从而简化模具结构分析模型.论述基于板料成形数值模拟的冲压模具结构分析方法的实现过程以及联系两个过程的关键技术--边界力的映射算法.运用该方法分析双曲底面盒形件拉深成形时模具的受力,并利用自主设计的模具应力采集系统进行试验验证.结果表明,模具上选取的若干特征点的等效应力数值计算结果和实际测量结果吻合良好.     

汽车后延臂液压胀形的数值模拟

在基于刚塑性模型的HydroFORM-3D有限元平台上,对汽车后延臂的液压胀形工艺进行数值模拟分析和研究,分别考察了汽车后延臂液压胀形的主要工艺参数,如管内压力、轴向进给量及摩擦条件对成形过程的影响。并与实际试验结果进行验证和比较,结果表明,数值模拟具有较好的计算精度,可以准确地预测出几何变形和厚度变薄量。     

热等静压近净成形数值模拟研究现状与展望

热等静压是可实现大尺寸复杂高性能零件近净成形的粉末冶金技术,被广泛应用于航空航天、海洋工程等特种领域中面向严苛服役环境的关键零件的成形制造。数值模拟可为复杂高性能零件包套与型芯设计提供科学依据和热-力耦合作用下粉末致密化提供理论支撑,是实现零件形性可控的重要基石。为此,重点综述了热等静压数值模拟的基本概念、发展历程、研究进展、面临问题和发展方向。首先介绍常用有限元数值模拟本构模型类型、特点和模拟效果,概述有限元指导包套逆向设计方法,随后分析有限元模拟中忽略粉末填充密度分布非均匀性等缺点和局限性,介绍考虑粉末颗粒离散特性的离散元-有限元耦合模拟方法与研究进展,最后展望热等静压数值模拟现有方法的瓶颈与未来潜在发展方向,为从事热等静压领域学者快速了解热等静压模拟的研究动态和发展趋势提供有益参考。     

基于Dynaform的覆盖件冲压成形性工艺分析

覆盖件成形难点在于工件数模复杂,工艺性难以确定.而采用计算机数值模拟技术有效地调整工艺方案,可以获得较合理的成形结果.论文基于Dynaform研究数值模拟技术在模具工艺设计中的应用及相关技术问题,对较为复杂的覆盖件成形进行仿真分析,通过实例进行阐述,设计出一整套完整的覆盖件模具,为模具数字化设计与制造提供了思路.     

工艺路径对纯铝粉末材料多道次等径角挤扭变形的影响

结合实际变形过程,采用DEFORM-3D对不同变形工艺路径下纯铝粉末材料等径角挤扭(ECAPT)多道次变形过程进行了三维数值模拟。有限元模拟结果表明:A和C工艺路径可在较小的挤压载荷下实现有效的应变累积和均匀的变形分布,是两种较为理想的变形路径;BA和BC两种工艺路径虽然能够使变形材料累积的等效应变量大大增加,但却会造成试样变形分布的严重不均匀。电子背散射衍射(EBSD)实验结果表明,A路径下纯铝粉末材料经4道次等径角挤扭变形后,可获得组织均匀、性能优良的块体超细晶铝,材料平均晶粒尺寸约为0.8μm,抗压强度高达123.3MPa,验证了前述模拟结果的可靠性。     

车身复杂结构大规模问题的缩减计算

针对车身设计中复杂结构多参数大规模问题,提出了一种基于减基法和有限元的混合算法来进行缩减计算。该方法首先通过计算系统在有限个样本下的响应构造近似解空间,然后基于有限元方法分离出刚度矩阵中的设计参数,接着将矩阵向解空间进行投影,最后构建减缩计算系统。在新参数条件下,通过减缩系统得到大规模问题的响应,极大地提高了结构响应的计算效率。     

Forging simulation of sintered powder compacts under various frictional conditions

This research is to investigate the deformation characteristics of sintered compacts and the evolution of voids in the forging process under different frictional conditions. The Gurson–Tvergaard yield criterion was used to describe the plastic behaviour of porous materials, while the material parameters were empirically determined.Experiments and finite element analysis were conducted to examine the processes. The material properties of sintered preforms were ascertained from both the uni-axial tension and compression tests. The finite element models were verified with the upsetting experiments under different frictional conditions. A simulation of forging the gear blank under various contact situations was performed as well. Studies show that voids lead to the degradation of the strength of the sintered materials. Friction at contact interfaces contributes to the non-uniformity of deformation and the density variation in the workpiece after large deformation.     

Multi-response optimisation of sintering parameters of Al–Si alloy/fly ash composite using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis

In this paper, an attempt has been made to optimise the sintering process parameters of Al–Si (12%) alloy/fly ash composite using grey relational analysis. Al–Si alloy/fly ash composite was produced using powder metallurgy technique. Al–Si alloy powder was homogenously mixed with various weight percentages of fly ash (5–15 wt.%) and compacted at a pressure ranging from 307 to 512 MPa. The green compacts were sintered at temperatures between 575 and 625°C. Experiments have been performed under different conditions of temperature, fly ash content, and compacting pressure. Taguchi’s L₉ orthogonal array was used to investigate the sintering process parameters. Optimal levels of parameters were identified using grey relational analysis, and significant parameter was determined by analysis of variance. Experimental results indicate that multi-response characteristics such as density and hardness can be improved effectively through grey relational analysis.     

Accretion of titanium carbide by electrical discharge machining with powder suspended in working fluid

A surface modification method by electrical discharge machining (EDM) with a green compact electrode has been studied to make thick TiC or WC layer. Titanium alloy powder or tungsten powder is supplied from the green compact electrode and adheres on a workpiece by the heat caused by discharge. To avoid the production process of the green compact electrode, a surface modification method by EDM with powder suspended in working fluid is proposed in this paper. After considering flow of working fluid in EDM process, the use of a thin electrode and a rotating disk electrode are expected to keep powder concentration high in the gap between a workpiece and an electrode and to accrete powder material on the workpiece. The accretion machining is tried under various electrical conditions. Titanium powder is suspended in working oil like kerosene. TiC layer grows a thickness of 150 μm with a hardness of 1600 Hv on carbon steel with an electrode of 1 mm in diameter. When a disk placed near a plate rotates in viscous fluid, the disk drags the fluid into the gap between the disk and the plate. Therefore, the powder concentration in the gap between a workpiece and a rotational disk electrode can be kept high. A wider area of the accretion can be obtained by using the rotational electrode with a gear shape.     

点接触弹流润滑条件下表面弹性变形研究

为研究弹流润滑条件下点接触表面变形及其对表面性能的影响,采用激光微织构法制备了一组不同形貌参数的滚动轴承滚道表面试件,基于表面频谱分析和弹流润滑快速算法（幅值缩减法）分析了试件在不同工况参数下的弹性变形。使用ISO 25178三维形貌参数体系对变形前后表面进行表征,研究了点接触弹流润滑状态下表面形貌的弹性变形与载荷、转速的关系。研究结果表明,弹流接触使表面形貌发生显著的弹性变形,载荷、转速等工况参数对变形量影响较大,表面弹性变形使得形貌参数发生显著变化。     

Hot shape forging of gas turbine disk using microstructure prediction and finite element analysis

The Waspaloy, a Ni-based superalloy, has been widely used for forging material of gas turbine disk since it requires the high tensile strength at high temperature and good resistance to low cycle fatigue. The purpose of this study is to develop a forging process of turbine disk that satisfies the hot deformation characteristics of Waspaloy. Generally, the hot forging of superalloy has been subjected to isothermal forging since the available temperature range of forging is narrow. However, the non-isothermal forging was used to make a turbine disk in this study. Therefore, the analyses of temperature variation and deformation behavior of the material were important to obtain the sound forging products. The hot compression test was carried out to know formability at high temperature and microstructure evolution during hot deformation. In order to define the optimum forging conditions including material temperature, strain rate, strain, microstructure evolution and forging load, the commercial finite element analysis code was used to simulate the forging procedure of turbine disk. The hot forged turbine disk was heat-treated for obtaining the high temperature properties. The cut-off tests on the heat-treated forged disks were carried out. Experimental results were compared with the simulation results by FE analysis. Test results were in good agreement with the simulations. This study shows that the superalloy turbine disk can be manufactured by the semi-closed die forging.     

刚性粒子流法模拟自由锻造工艺的探索

基于网格的数值计算方法在处理自由锻造、冲压成形、高速碰撞、裂纹动态扩展等大塑性变形问题时,往往会因网格畸变和网格重构困难使得计算精度丢失甚至无法计算。针对该问题,基于连续介质力学理论和分子动力学基本原理,采用一种求解金属大塑性变形的数值模拟方法--刚性粒子流法,建立了刚性粒子流法的数学模型并探讨了初始粒子配置、粒子搜索算法、数值积分和边界条件等关键数值技术。将该方法应用到核电饼类锻件高温镦粗和大型核电封头终锻成形两个数值算例中,计算结果表明：模拟大塑性变形问题时,刚性粒子流法与实验结果能够较好地吻合,有效地解释了大型饼类锻件夹层裂纹和封头锻件层状撕裂的形成机制。研究结果为进一步采用该方法模拟变形更加复杂的自由锻造工艺提供了参考。     

水泵叶轮在激光选区熔化成型加工中的几何误差研究

以316L不锈钢金属粉末为原料,利用激光选区熔化成型技术试制某潜水泵用叶轮。针对水泵叶轮激光选区熔化成型加工中出现的几何误差,分析水泵叶轮出现几何误差的原因。通过设计工艺试验,探究水泵叶轮在激光选区熔化成型加工中几何误差的产生规律,建立水泵叶轮的几何误差模型,确定引起水泵叶轮成型精度的主要因素有:切片处理产生的误差、激光深穿透产生的误差、外边框凸起产生的误差、材料收缩变形产生的误差、粉末的杂质引起误差和成型缸升降产生的误差,采用后处理和补偿成型缸位移量,解决水泵叶轮几何误差。研究结果表明:当成型缸位移量为0.02823 mm时,所成型的水泵叶轮加工精度符合制造要求。     

温压致密化机理及其在温压粉末设计中的应用

温压是以较低的成本制造高性能铁基粉末冶金零部件的新型成形技术。试验结果表明，颗粒重排是温压过程的主导致密化机理，而为颗粒重排提供协调性的塑性变形是另一重要的致密化机理，同时还分析了影响这两个致密化机理的主要因素。在此基础上，提出了温压粉末原料的设计原则，并成功地开发了高性能、低成本、合金钢粉末三大体系的温压粉末原料。