基于静电纺丝制备中空纳米纤维的研究进展

中空纳米纤维具有独特的中空结构和较大的比表面积，在吸附、催化、电化学、医药等领域具有广阔的应用前景。静电纺丝技术是制备中空纳米纤维的有效手段。随着静电纺丝工艺的不断成熟，利用静电纺丝大规模制备中空纳米纤维提上了日程。首先详细介绍了基于静电纺丝技术制备中空纳米纤维的原理和方法，探讨了现阶段基于静电纺丝技术大规模制备中空纳米纤维存在的问题以及研究现状，总结了中空纳米纤维的应用进展，最后指出了中空纳米纤维的发展方向，为推动中空纳米纤维的大规模制备及应用奠定基础。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维的应用进展

近年来静电纺丝技术在制备纳米纤维领域得到了广泛应用,被认为是制备纳米纤维最简单有效的方法之一。通过静电纺丝法制备的纳米纤维具有长径比大、孔隙率高、比表面积大等优点,在过滤材料、生物医学、传感器以及其他特殊领域都有着良好的应用前景。主要介绍了近几年来国内外静电纺丝纤维在过滤吸附膜、生物医学、传感器、防护应用及其他一些特殊领域中的研究现状,并展望了静电纺丝纳米纤维的发展趋势和研究方向。     

静电纺丝技术在超级电容器中的应用

静电纺丝是一种新型的非纺织成丝技术,具有适用材料体系广泛、纤维尺寸结构可控、工艺简便等特点,是制备连续纳米纤维的重要方法.静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维薄膜因具有巨大的纳米表面和网状孔隙结构可调等优势,在超级电容器领域显示出诱人的应用前景.综述了近年来静电纺丝技术在超级电容器电极材料和隔膜材料方面的研究进展,介绍了碳基、金属氧化物和聚合物电极材料高活性纳米纤维的制备方法及电化学行为,以及静电纺丝无纺布作为隔膜材料显示出的巨大优势,并总结了制约静电纺丝走向商业化的不利因素,如产率低、薄膜强度不足、喷丝不稳定等,最后介绍了近年来静电纺丝技术在结构可控、规模化制备的产业进展,并展望了其在超级电容器领域中的商业化应用前景.     

静电纺丝制备纳米纤维及其工业化研究进展

针对静电纺丝技术从实验室走向工业化还存在产率低的问题,重点分析了为提高生产效率而采用的多针头纺丝和无针头纺丝等批量化生产方法,简述了静电纺丝的基本原理和实施方法,介绍了静电纺丝制备聚合物纤维、无机物纤维、同轴及中空纤维的情况和特点。随着对静电纺丝方法、设备、工艺和材料研究的深入,通过对高压静电场分布的控制采用多喷头组合方式和无针滚筒方式将成为产业化制备纳米纤维的有效手段。通过控制高压电场分布利用提高效率后的单孔纺丝方法制备出了长、宽、厚分别为1000mm、350mm、1.28mm的芳纶1313纳米纤维布。最后对静电纺丝工业化规模制备纳米纤维材料进行了展望。     

制备三维结构静电纺丝纳米纤维组织支架的方法

三维结构纳米纤维构件具有内部比表面积大、孔径大、孔互联互通、组成和结构可控、整体材料结构具有一定支撑性的优点,因此具有广阔的应用前景,特别是在组织支架方面的应用成为人们关注的焦点。静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维由于具有直径超细、表面积大、多孔、高孔隙率、与骨架细胞外基质的结构极为相似等特点,迅速发展成为一种前景非常广阔的组织工程支架材料,同时通过一定的方法可以得到三维结构的静电纺丝纳米纤维组织支架。综述了国内外通过静电纺丝工艺来制备三维结构纳米纤维组织支架的方法,包括连续不间断纺丝法、多层交替纺丝法、纺丝设备改进法、后处理法、辅助收集法、添加致孔剂法、自组装法等。     

静电纺丝纳米纤维催化剂在环境治理中的应用进展

静电纺丝纳米纤维催化剂具有较高的催化活性且易回收再利用,已广泛地应用于环境治污,具有一定的应用前景。简述静电纺丝纳米纤维催化剂的制备方法,分析了纤维膜孔径大小、纤维立体结构等纤维形貌结构对纳米纤维催化剂催化性能的影响,详细论述了纳米纤维催化剂在光催化降解、电催化降解以及类Fenton反应催化降解等环境治污领域的应用研究进展。     

静电纺丝法机理及其在无机中空微/纳米纤维制备中的研究进展

静电纺丝是一种简单、有效的生产微/纳米纤维的技术。中空微/纳米纤维的制备是近年静电纺丝法研究的三大突破之一。回顾了静电纺丝法历史沿革,简述了静电纺丝基本机理及纺丝过程中射流存在的几种不稳定性形式。重点介绍了该技术在制备无机中空微/纳米纤维上的最新研究成果,最后展望了其未来的发展方向。     

静电纺丝法制备氧化物纳米纤维及其气敏特性

静电纺丝技术由于简单的装置和制备过程,以及所使用材料的多样和应用领域的广泛,被认为是制备纳米纤维材料最具发展潜力的方法.简述了静电纺丝技术和影响纺丝质量的相关因素;介绍了静电纺丝制备半导体氧化物纳米纤维的方法及纳米纤维在气体传感器领域的应用;比较了几种纳米纤维和纳米线纳米棒等气敏元件的敏感特性;最后分析了纳米纤维具有优...     

静电纺技术在耐高温纤维材料领域研究进展

耐高温纤维在高温过滤膜、锂电池隔膜以及高温催化等方面有着良好的应用。结合纳米纤维高孔隙率、高比表面积等优点,将这些纤维原料经过静电纺丝技术制备成纳米纤维,应用于工业、国防、医疗、环境保护等领域已成为当今材料科学的研究热点。重点综述了静电纺丝技术制备耐高温性能纳米纤维材料的研究进展,如静电纺芳纶、聚酰亚胺、聚苯并咪唑、含氟高分子等聚合物纳米纤维及陶瓷无机纳米纤维等,为进一步开展静电纺丝制备耐高温纳米纤维的研究和应用提供参考。     

静电纺丝制备的ZrO2纳米纤维及其应用的研究进展

制备超细、高性能ZrO2纤维是实现其在催化、能源及环境等领域工程应用的关键。静电纺丝技术是一种近年来兴起的氧化物陶瓷纳米纤维制备新方法,能够制备直径较小、均一性高、连续性好的ZrO2纳米纤维,并且可通过控制前驱体纺丝液组成、静电纺丝工艺及热处理参数,对ZrO2纤维的组成、结构及性能进行调控。介绍了ZrO2纳米纤维制备、结构及性能方面的研究进展,并对经由原料组成、静电纺丝工艺及热处理条件调控的ZrO2纳米纤维结构、性能以及应用进行了综述和分析。     

A synthesis and sensing application of hollow ZnO nanofibers with uniform wall thicknesses grown using polymer templates

A novel approach is applied to fabricating hollow ZnO nanofibers (ZNFs) with uniform wall thicknesses. In this approach, polymers synthesized by electrospinning are used as sacrificial templates and ZnO is subsequently deposited on these templates using atomic layer deposition, which makes ZnO uniformly cover the round surface of the polymer nanofibers. Heat treatments result in the selective removal of the polymer templates and the formation of hollow ZNFs with very uniform wall thicknesses. To test a potential use of hollow ZNFs in chemical gas sensors, their sensing properties with regard to O(2), NO(2), and CO are investigated in a comparative manner with those of normal ZnO nanofibers. The excellent sensing properties observed in the hollow ZNF sensor are ascribed to (1) the more pronounced change in resistance due to the presence of nanograins and (2) the doubling of the surface-to-volume ratio due to the generation of inner surfaces.     

Fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polyelectrolyte hollow nanofibers by electrospinning

Hybrid hollow multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polyelectrolytes (PE) nanofibers were prepared by a combination of the electrospinning method and layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The mixed polystyrene (PS)/MWCNTs nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning method, which were employed as templates to self-assembly multilayered polyelectrolytes by LbL technique. Hollow MWCNTs/PE nanofibers were obtained by selectively removed part of the template: PS, which is confirmed by Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

The technique of electrospinning for manufacturing core-shell nanofibers

On account of their low cost coupled with acceptable efficiency, electrospinning can be considered to be both a viable and feasible method for the production of continuous nanofibers having a uniform structure. With noticeable developments in the areas spanning catalysis, fluidics, purification and even separation, nanofibers having a core-shell nanostructure have been both examined and studied with the primary purpose of achieving a uniform structure. With sustained efforts in the domain of both research and development, two electrospinning methods, namely (i) coaxial electrospinning and (ii) emulsion electrospinning, did emerge as potentially viable choices for the preparation of continuous nanofibers having a core-shell nanostructure. In this research paper, the discovery and progress made with specific reference to the techniques of coaxial electrospinning and emulsion electrospinning are examined. A prudent use of the two techniques for the preparation of hollow nanofibers is examined. Potential applications of core-shell nanofibers, prepared using the method of electrospinning, for the purpose of self-healing and drug release are examined and discussed. An outline is provided of the work that is currently being done on aspects related to both theory and experiments with the primary purpose of gaining an understanding of the two techniques.     

同轴射流技术制备纳米复合材料研究进展

简要介绍了基于电流体动力学射流技术的静电纺丝和静电喷涂的基本原理和发展过程,重点讨论了两种同轴射流技术——同轴静电纺丝和同轴静电喷涂技术的研究现状,包括纳/微米包囊、壳-芯结构的纳米纤维和中空纳米纤维或纳米管的制备。介绍了该技术在药物释放体系、组织工程支架、载药医用敷料和缝合线等方面的潜在应用前景,并对其未来发展进行了展望。      

层层组装技术制备纳米级TiO2/聚电解质复合中空纤维催化剂

采用静电纺丝技术和层层组装技术制备了聚电解质/TiO2复合中空纳米纤维膜.通过控制PS纤维模板直径和吸附层数,TiO2中空纤维的直径和壁厚得到了很好的控制.在光催化降解乙醛性能实验中,TiO2中空纤维具有比P25更好的光催化性能.     

Fabrication and characterization of dense zirconia and zirconia-silica ceramic nanofibers

The objective of this study was to prepare dense zirconia-yttria (ZY), zirconia-silica (ZS) and zirconia-yttria-silica (ZYS) nanofibers as reinforcing elements for dental composites. Zirconium (IV) propoxide, yttrium nitrate hexahydrate, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were used as precursors for the preparation of zirconia, yttria, and silica sols. A small amount (1-1.5 wt%) of polyethylene oxide (PEO) was used as a carry polymer. The sols were preheated at 70 degrees C before electrospinning and their viscosity was measured with a viscometer at different heating time. The gel point was determined by viscosity-time (eta-t) curve. The ZY, ZS and ZYS gel nanofibers were prepared using a special reactive electrospinning device under the conditions near the gel point. The as-prepared gel nanofibers had diameters between 200 and 400 nm. Dense (nonporous) ceramic nanofibers of zirconia-yttria (96/4), zirconia-silica (80/20) and zirconia-yttria-silica (76.8/3.2/20) with diameter of 100-300 nm were obtained by subsequent calcinations at different temperatures. The gel and ceramic nanofibers obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM micrograph revealed that ceramic ZY nanofibers had grained structure, while ceramic ZS and ZYS nanofibers had smooth surfaces, both showing no visible porosity under FE-SEM. Complete removal of the polymer PEO was confirmed by TGA/DSC and FT-IR. The formation of tetragonal phase of zirconia and amorphous silica was proved by XRD. In conclusion, dense zirconia-based ceramic nanofibers can be fabricated using the new reactive sol-gel electrospinning technology with minimum organic polymer additives.     

Sol–gel electrospun mesoporous ZnMn<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanofibers with superior specific surface area

ZnMn₂O₄ has application potential in lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, and thermistors. In this study, mesoporous spinel ZnMn₂O₄ nanofibers were synthesized by sol–gel assisted electrospinning combined with calcination, using poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) as sacrificial polymeric binder. Structural, morphological and optical properties of these ceramic nanofibers were characterized. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed the presence of hexagonal ZnMnO₃ and MnO phases in the ZnMn₂O₄ nanofibers produced. Based on these observations we propose a plausible mechanism of formation of ZnMn₂O₄ nanofibers. The nanofibers calcined at 773 K exhibit a specific surface area of 79.5 m² g^?1, which is higher than that of the zinc manganite nanofibers synthesized hitherto by sol–gel electrospinning. Moreover, this material exhibits four bandgaps, which is believed to be the first observation in ZnMn₂O₄ nanofibers.     

AZO中空纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能

为了制备高效环保的光催化剂,首先通过静电纺丝制备了PVA(聚乙烯醇)纳米纤维膜,再通过水热合成法在PVA纳米纤维外包覆一层锌铝氢氧化物制得AZO(掺杂铝元素的氧化锌)前驱体@PVA,将AZO前驱体@PVA在空气气氛下高温煅烧成功制备出AZO中空纳米纤维。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子谱仪、热重分析仪、紫外分光光度计等对样品的形态、结构、性能进行测试表征,结果显示AZO中空纳米纤维具有良好的光催化降解染料性能。