Experimental apparatus for phase behavior study of solvent-bitumen systems: A critical review and design of a new apparatus

A new apparatus for studying the phase behavior of heavy oil and bitumen with different solvents has been tested. It has the capability of determining physical properties, such as density, viscosity, and compositions, of individual phases over a broad range of temperatures and pressures. One of the unique features of this apparatus is that the method of detecting presence of different phases is based on the values of density and viscosity of the phases rather than visual observation. Thus, the applicability of this apparatus is not restricted to fluids that are transparent to visible light. In addition, this apparatus allows taking samples from each phase for further analysis. The other unique feature of the apparatus is that it is designed for an expeditious thermodynamic equilibration using a rocking cell with a free-rolling ball inside which allows the effective agitation. The success of this design relies upon coupling advanced apparatus construction techniques with accurate density and viscosity measurement for phase detection. The experimental apparatus was tested for vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, and vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium systems; and, the results are in good agreement with data published in the literature.     

A versatile and inexpensive apparatus for slab electrophoresis

An apparatus for vertical slab gel electrophoresis of proteins is described. Up to four slabs of variable thickness may be used in a single run for the analysis of as many as 80 samples if the apparatus is used for one-dimensional electrophoresis; alternatively, the slabs may be used for a second-dimension separation of proteins previously discriminated in tubular gels or slab gel strips. The apparatus is simple in design, easy to use, and inexpensive to construct.     

新型液压轮胎硫化机后充气装置卸胎机构

介绍新型液压轮胎硫化机后充气装置卸胎机构。卸胎机构由气缸驱动转套带动转轴,转轴通过齿轮啮合实现整体传动,从而带动若干个（片）夹持器张开闭合,实现压紧、释放轮胎的动作;夹持器收缩后基本呈圆形,避免与胎圈干涉。卸胎机构运行稳定,重复动作精度高,成本低,适用于中小型轮胎硫化机。     

A modified balance-type stress relaxation apparatus for chemical relaxation under liquid phase

A relatively simple and inexpensive automatic apparatus for chemical relaxation giving good accuracy has been developed for measurement of chemical relaxation in the gaseous phase in high polymers. The apparatus is based on a previously described balance-type stress relaxation apparatus intended for automatic operation.     

Modified Soxhlet apparatus for high‐temperature extraction

Modification of a Soxhlet apparatus widely used for extraction is suggested. This modification is aimed at overcoming the main disadvantage of the Soxhlet apparatus for extraction, that the extraction takes place at around room temperature. The modified apparatus allows extraction to be performed with boiling solvent, which has obvious advantages when working with polymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2013–2014, 2006     

萃取设备的现状及发展趋势

通过对萃取本质的讨论,总结对萃取过程强化的途径;对萃取设备的现状进行了分析和归纳,指出各类不同萃取设备强化萃取的手段和特性,并列出其优点及不足之处;通过上述分析,预测萃取设备的发展趋势,为新型设备的研发提供参考。     

Bioassay apparatus for rodent olfactory preferences under laboratory and field conditions

A bioassay apparatus is described which automatically registers frequency and the total time that rodents investigate sample odors. The apparatus provides free access for wild rodents, and its rugged weatherproof construction allows outdoor use for extended time periods. The photocell light source is covered by an infrared filter and it can be operated continuously or for preset time intervals. When the apparatus was utilized for rat sex attractant research, many of the odorants preferred by tame laboratory rats were also attractive to wild rodents under field conditions.     

An apparatus for the determination of the ignition time of fabrics

In this paper an apparatus is presented by means of which it is possible to measure the ignition time with a very high accuracy, namely 0.01 s. This apparatus has been developed not only for determining the ignition time of fabrics and end products such as curtains, garments, beds, upholstered chairs and toys, but also as an igniting source for use in studying the flame propagation. By using the apparatus it is possible to separate the burning phase from the ignition phase.     

An apparatus for the measurement of lipoxygenase activity and pentane production

The enzyme lipoxygenase has been demonstrated to produce pentane. However, until now no apparatus has been available to measure the pentane concomitantly with the lipoxygenase activity. Such an apparatus is described by this paper. The apparatus consists of a reaction vessel which can be sealed with a rubber septum to allow sampling for pentane production and an oxygen measuring device to determine the oxygen level of the system. The apparatus is being used to conduct in-depth studies of the lipoxygenase enzyme and its possible role in food quality. Paper 4128 of the journal series of the North Carolina State University Agricultural Experiment Station, Raleigh, N.C.     

振动电镀设备类型简介

振动电镀是采用振动设备进行电镀小零件的一种电镀新技术，对目前国内使用的电磁式振动电镀设备类型和工作原理作为简单介,绿，并根据用户经验指出了各类设备的优缺点，对振筛的选择和电镀工艺提高了建议，预则振动电镀技术将在中国得到广泛应用。     

A Partitioned Slab Apparatus for One-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis in Multiphasic Buffer Systems under a Wide Range of Conditions

Abstract

An apparatus for one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in multiphasic buffer systems of multiple samples on a gel slab has been constructed. This apparatus is made of Pyrex, providing satisfactory wall adherence of polyacrylamide at any pH, 0 and 25°C. The apparatus provides permanent sample partitions and can, therefore, be used with mechanically labile, stacking gels. Temperature control for polymerization and electrophoresis is provided. Procedures and applications are described for use of the apparatus with uniform gel concentration or with pore gradient gels. A gradientmaker for the preparation of polyacrylamide pore gradient gels is described.     

几种常用农药残留速测方法对甲胺磷残留检测效果简述

应用速测灵Ⅰ型检测试剂、新灵、SN-1A型速测仪、RP-410型农药残留快速测定仪、CL-1型残留农药测定仪分别在实验室和田间对甲胺磷溶液和喷施甲胺磷的小青菜上残留量进行检测。结果显示,新灵、SN-1A型速测仪、RP-410型农药残留快速测定仪对甲胺磷溶液的检测灵敏度可以达到1 mg/kg,CL-1型残留农药测定仪为2 mg/kg,速测灵Ⅰ型检测试剂为3 mg/kg。对蔬菜表面甲胺磷残留检测显示,1000倍2d、500倍3d用SN-1A型速测仪可以检测出,RP-410型和CL-1型残留农药测定仪可以检测到1000倍1d、500倍2d。     

Computer-assisted automated synthesis. III. Synthesis of substituted N-(carboxyalkyl) amino-acid tert-butyl ester derivatives

A versatile automated synthesis apparatus, equipped with a chemical artificial intelligence, was developed to prepare and isolate a wide variety of compounds. The apparatus was to the synthesis of substituted N-(carboxyalkyl)amino-acids. The apparatus [1,2] is composed of units for performing various tasks,for example reagent supply, reaction, purification and separation, each linked to a control system. All synthetic processes, including washing and drying of the apparatus after each synthetic run, were automatically performed from the mixing of the reactants to the isolation of the products as powders or crystals. The reaction of an amino-acid tertbutyl ester acetic acid salt with a 2-keto acid sodium salt produces an unstable intermediate, Schiff base, which is reduced with sodum cyanoborohydride to give a substituted N-(carboxyalkyl)aminoacid tert-butyl ester sodium salt. The equilibrium and the consecutive reactions were controlled by adding sodium cyanoborohydride using the artificial intelligence software, which contained novel kinetic equations [3] and substituent effects [4].Substitued N-(carboxyalkyl)amino-acid tert-butyl esters, 90 derivatives, were automatically synthesized using the computerassisted automated synthesis apparatus. The syntheses were performed unattended 24 hours a day, except for supplying the raw materials, reagents and solvents. The apparatus is extremely valuable for synthesizing many derivatives of a particular compound. The configurations of the products were determined by circular dichroism measurements.     

Le pulv'erimètre à laser

This paper describes an apparatus for the measurement of the dust content in gases. This apparatus is based on the backscattering of laser light. The laser beam is directed towards the dust-charged atmosphere and is reflected by the particles in the direction of the apparatus. The reflected fraction of the incident light allows the concentration of the particles to be calculated. By the use of laser light, the device can work by daylight and the measurement can be made over very long distances. The device is already used in the cement industry for the measurement of cement dust concentration in the exhaust gases of cement kilns. The range of the device is 20 mg/Nm³ to grams/Nm³. This article decribes the theoretical basis of the apparatus and a theoretical explanation of the results obtained.     

浅谈地质构造物理模拟实验台

地质构造物理模拟试验台是实现地质构造物理模拟的实验装置,在查阅了相关资料的基础上,总结了构造物理模拟实验及试验台的研究历史与研究现状,并列举了国内外典型的实验装置,指出了当前试验台的发展特点与不足。     

Improved Apparatus for Rapid Measurement of Viscosity of Glass at High Temperatures

An apparatus is described for measuring the viscosity of glass in the range 6.5 to 13,000 poises. About 15 minutes per point are required to establish a viscosity-versus-temperature curve. About 75 gm. of glass are required for a determination. Precision is good, repair is simple, and maintenance is low. The apparatus is suitable for either research or control purposes.     

六氟化硫PVT关系测定实验教学体会与思考

纯流体PVT关系测定及临界状态观察实验对于学生理解问题的本质,提高理论教学效果具有不可替代的作用。本文介绍了六氟化硫临界状态观察及PVT关系测定仪的制造及使用情况,重点介绍实验数据记录处理等细节上的一些经验体会和我们的建议。     

A new technique for thermal analysis of vapor-producing reactions

An apparatus was developed for measuring the rate at which vapors are evolved during the thermal degradation of materials and thereby deriving the kinetics of such reactions. Requisite to the operating scheme of the apparatus is the provision of a high-temperature zone to convert condensable or tarry vapors into noncondensable form. The apparatus yields a direct measure of reaction velocity, rather than the integrated indication obtained with thermogravimetric analysis. This simplifies the identification and calculation of kinetic parameters. Increases in sensitivity and operating range are also achieved. Flexibility in operation is obtained that permits the separate recording of reactions that tend to overlap. Although the apparatus principally has been operated using a combustible gas indicator to meter the evolved vapors, a number of options are available for the latter function, including flowmeters and various continuous gas analyzers. The applicability of the method appears promising.     

STUDY OF SOLID-LIQUID EXTRACTIONS IN A BATCH EQUIPMENT

A batch pilot-scale apparatus is described for the study of processes for obtaining phyto-extracts using solvents. The distinctive feature of the equipment is that it provides the efficiency of a multi-stage counter-current extraction, yet uses only a single batch extractor (as opposed to a battery of extractors). This is achieved by using an auxiliary tank in which intermediate extracts are saved and recirculated in a pre-established order. Careful design of the mechanisms for the circulation of liquid from such tanks has resulted in an apparatus that is compact and has simple, flexible operation. A prototype of this apparatus was constructed for the study of the direct extraction of oil from sunflower seeds using hexane A simple model that describes the operation of the equipment is presented and applied to our experimental work with oilseeds.