炼厂多杂质氢网络的集成

利用演化法对某炼厂多杂质氢网络进行优化。在考虑源阱之间的各种匹配可能和氢源之间的互补可能基础上,依次求取最大匹配流量矩阵（M矩阵）、潜在匹配流量矩阵（P矩阵）和最优匹配流量矩阵（O矩阵）,确定系统的最小公用工程消耗量为1495.83 m³·h^-1,其节约量为1004.17m³·h^-1,占现行新氢消耗量的40.2%。此外,根据O矩阵确定了相应的最优氢分配网络。     

数学规划法优化氢网络的应用研究

为实现不同目标函数与超结构网络氢系统稳定性、可靠性与柔性的统一,从超结构网络、目标函数、约束条件3个方面对国内外氢网络优化的研究进展进行综合分析,阐述了数学规划法在氢网络优化设计进程中的发展变迁,指出充分把握加氢、提纯、压缩等渉氢单元的物料、能量、相平衡特点及相互关系,建立有效的超结构网络,结合不同的目标函数选取不同的约束条件,将随机变量的约束转化为联合机会约束,可提高合成网络的工程可行性、改善网络的柔性。     

运用多氢源匹配法设计氢分配网络

石油炼化企业中氢网络的优化对提高氢资源的利用率意义重大,以降低氢消耗和简化集成方法为目标提出了一种氢回用网络的设计新方法。在向一个氢阱分配氢源时,优先分配内部氢源,并将浓度刚好高于和刚好低于该氢阱入口浓度的氢源进行匹配利用,从而最大限度地降低外部氢源消耗。对文献中几个实例的研究表明,本文方法得到的结果可与文献方法得到的目标值相媲美,而设计步骤简单计算量小,可用手算即能完成,说明本文提出的方法是可行的。另外,本文方法不仅可以得出氢消耗目标值,还可以同时得出氢网络设计。     

我厂氢回收装置的改造

一、改造前状态 1987年我厂与大连化物所合作,采用该所研制成功的中空纤维膜分离装置分离合成氨吹除气,分离出的氢气返回合成系统增产氨,剩余尾气作为燃料送一段转化炉,吹除气中的氨在入膜分离器前用水脱除。整套装置投资70万元,于1987年10月建成投产。这套氢气回收装置的特点是一级分离,由6根Φ100×3000的膜分离器串联组成。主要参数:处理气量750～1500 Nm~3/h,中空纤维管耐压强度≤6 MPa,耐热35～45℃,回收氢气纯度≥85％,氢气回收率     

具有净化单元氢网络的迭代设计方法

提出一种具有净化单元氢网络的迭代设计方法。首先假设净化后源物流的量足够大,将之看作系统的新增源物流即可构成具有净化单元的初始氢网络。运用多氢源匹配方法来设计氢网络,从而得到净化后源物流的用量F_reg和所有未回用的内部源物流合并计算出的净化后源物流的量F_reg^total。比较F_reg和F_reg^total的大小,当F_reg^totalreg时,将F_reg^total作为下一次迭代净化后源物流的量的初值,只需几次迭代即可得到最终设计;当F_reg^total≥F_reg时,将F_reg的值作为最终设计的净化后源物流的用量,按照由F_reg值确定出的净化前源物流的量选取杂质浓度较低的未回用的内部源物流用于净化,对此种情况,不需后续迭代即可得到最终设计。对文献中几个实例的研究表明,该方法设计步骤简单可行,不仅能得到氢消耗目标值,而且还能得到氢网络的具体设计。     

21世纪炼厂建设氢库研究

讨论了21世纪炼厂建设高效氢库的重要性,阐述了炼厂建设高效氢库的主要途径。     

氢网络的夹点分析与优化

通过分析炼厂不同氢源、氢阱、氢气净化提浓单元等氢气网络的组成特点,采用夹点分析法对某企业的氢源、氢阱进行分析与计算,以氢气纯度、流量为约束条件,同时考虑压力、杂质的影响。通过耦合、调整氢源-氢阱网络等措施,优化后的氢气网络PSA负荷降低39.14%,制氢单元负荷降低27.11%,氢气压缩机减少2台,实现了增加氢气来源,降低氢气成本的目的。     

考虑原油性质波动的炼厂氢气网络集成优化

针对原油性质的不确定性,提出了一种基于质量传递机理的随机规划建模框架,以实现炼厂氢气网络在经济效益和抗扰能力上的同步优化。该框架耦合了常减压蒸馏、加氢精制以及闪蒸分离等过程单元,从微观上解析原油性质波动对网络运行的影响;采用了代理模型技术增设脱硫模块,并利用了二阶段随机规划方法改造管网,从宏观上优化氢气网络以满足生产要求。为验证所提方法的有效性和适用性,对某一现有的炼厂氢网络进行了改造设计研究。结果表明,集成过程单元的多场景优化策略能够有效提升网络的经济性能,并且能使其灵活应对因原油性质波动引起的操作场景的改变。     

氯氢处理工序氢气系统改造的体会

1 概述氯氢处理工序是氯碱厂一个重要的工序,它的任务是将由电解来的湿氢气、湿氯气冷却、干燥,制成合格的氢气、氯气,供下道工序生产使用。目前,在许多氯碱厂中,氯气、氢气冷却、干燥虽然采取一些措施,但冷却、干燥的效果并不太理想。我厂原有的氢气冷却、干燥系统,工艺管线长,管线互相交错,工人操作繁琐,劳动强度大;管线泄漏点多,氢气压力不     

基于带补偿随机规划的蒸汽动力系统优化设计

在蒸汽动力系统优化设计中,考虑不确定因素的优化策略能避免基于确定性设计策略的保守设计,并能针对不确定因素的实现提出相应的调度调节策略.本研究分析了蒸汽动力系统设计包含的不确定因素的特性及其对蒸汽动力系统优化目标和约束条件的影响.不确定因素的表达分成两类:基于时间变化表达和基于发生概率表达.对基于时间变化表达的因素,转化为多周期问题进行处理;对外部工艺过程变化引起的汽电需求不确定波动等基于发生概率表达的因素,应用随机规划策略,补偿不确定参数的实现可能引起的约束背离.基于本研究建立的多周期带补偿的二阶段随机规划MILP模型,求解蒸汽动力系统结构,同时优化调度调节策略,用调节决策和惩罚不足应对汽电需求等不确定因素的实现,实现系统安全稳定运行和经济效益最优.     

基于不确定蒸汽需求和设备故障的锅炉系统随机规划设计

公用工程系统中锅炉系统设计不仅要考虑锅炉应对发生的故障的可靠性,还要保证系统具有一定应对蒸汽需求的波动的可操作性。本研究针对满足不确定蒸汽需求和考虑设备故障的锅炉系统设计,提出基于数学规划法的设计模型：对生产过程波动引起的不确定蒸汽需求以概率表达,采用Markov模型分析锅炉故障,表达为以一定概率发生的不确定参数。优化模型采用二阶段随机规划策略对蒸汽需求不确定波动和锅炉故障实现引起的约束违背进行补偿,以降低不确定变量对目标函数和约束条件的影响。以年总费用最小为目标,建立混合整数线性模型（MILP）,实现锅炉系统配置,设备模式确定以及应对蒸汽需求波动和设备故障发生的补偿操作的优化设计。     

New sensor network design and retrofit method based on value of information

Traditionally, the sensor network design procedure was based on positioning sensors so that certain network monitoring capabilities (e.g., observability, redundancy, and error detectability) of key variables are assured at minimum sensors cost. We present a new approach that is based on maximizing economic value of information minus cost instead of the traditional approach that requires the satisfaction of performance targets. This article presents the conceptual aspect and computation issues of this new approach: the connection between the new approach and the traditional minimum‐cost approaches is explored and the computational methods to solve the proposed problem are presented. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

Optimisation of petroleum refinery water network systems retrofit incorporating reuse,regeneration and recycle strategies

Scarcities in freshwater supply and increasingly stringent rules on wastewater discharges have emerged as major environmental concerns for petroleum refineries. Hence, this work attempts to develop an optimisation framework for refinery water network systems design and retrofit that integrates the complementary advantageous features of water pinch analysis (WPA). The framework explicitly incorporates water minimisation strategies by first postulating a superstructure representation that embeds all feasible flowsheet alternatives for implementing water reuse, regeneration and recycle (W3R) opportunities. Subsequently, a nonlinear programming (NLP) model is formulated based on the superstructure and computational experiments on a real‐world case study are conducted using the GAMS/CONOPT3 modelling language platform. Post‐optimality analysis on the numerical results are performed to achieve the desired water reuse quality, hence presenting a viable framework to aid decision‐making in water network systems synthesis. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Optimization of refinery hydrogen network based on chance constrained programming

Deterministic optimization approaches have been developed and used in the optimization of hydrogen network in refinery. However, uncertainties may have a large impact on the optimization of hydrogen network. Thus the consideration of uncertainties in optimization approaches is necessary for the optimization of hydrogen network. A novel chance constrained programming (CCP) approach for the optimization of hydrogen network in refinery under uncertainties is proposed. The stochastic properties of the uncertainties are explicitly considered in the problem formulation in which some input and state constraints are to be complied with predefined probability levels. The problem is then transformed to an equivalent deterministic mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem so that it can be solved by a MINLP solver. The solution of the optimization problem provides comprehensive information on the economic benefit under different confidence levels by satisfying process constraints. Based on this approach, an optimal and reliable decision can be made, and a suitable compensation between the profit and the probability of constraints violation can be achieved. The approach proposed in this paper makes better use of resources and can provide significant environmental and economic benefits. Finally, a case study from a refinery in China is presented to illustrate the applicability and efficiency of the developed approach.     

炼厂脱硫系统的模拟和改造

随着世界原油含硫化,炼厂脱硫溶剂的循环量不断增加,导致溶剂再生部分能耗剧增。使用Aspen HYSYS对一组脱硫单元进行了模拟,得出该脱硫系统最小的脱硫溶剂循环量。在此基础上,提出了串联操作和串并联操作两种改造方法,并分别使用这两种方法对现行的脱硫系统进行了改造。结果表明,两种改造方法可以使贫胺液的循环量分别减少8.82%和10.01%,取得了良好的经济效益。最后,分析和讨论这两种方法的优缺点,为炼厂脱硫系统的优化提供方向和建议。     

基于实际热负荷分布的换热网络优化改造

采用非等温混合分流分级超结构,建立了基于实际热负荷分布的换热网络改造模型,以由改造费用和运行费用组成的年度化总成本为目标,并采用遗传算法进行求解。改造费用涉及现有换热器增加换热面积、配置新换热器、重新布置管道以及移动现有换热设备所产生的费用,充分考虑了原有换热网络经改造后结构的变化所引起的改造成本。在回用原有换热设备后,根据设备实际面积来计算换热网络的热负荷分布和温度分布,即基于实际热负荷分布对换热网络进行改造。案例研究表明,改造后的换热网络结构具有良好的节能效益,合理地再利用了原网络中的旧换热设备,并以较少的改造成本实现了较高的能量回收,投资回报期仅为0.43年,验证了所提改造方法的有效性和实用性。     

Fuzzy optimization design of multicomponent refinery hydrogen network

Hydrogen and light hydrocarbon components are essential resources of the refinery. The optimization of the refinery hydrogen system and recovery of the light hydrocarbon components contained in the gas streams are key strategies to reduce the operating costs for sustainable development. Many research efforts have been focused on the optimization of single impurity hydrogen network, and the flowrates of the hydrogen sources and sinks are assumed to be constant. However, their flowrates vary along with the quality of crude oil and refinery processing plans. A general superstructure of multicomponent refinery hydrogen network is proposed, which considers four components, namely H₂, H₂S, CH₄ and , as well as the flowrate variations of hydrogen source and hydrogen sink. The mathematical model based on the superstructure is developed with objective functions, including the minimization of total annualized cost and the maximization of overall satisfaction of the hydrogen network. Moreover, the model considers the removal of hydrogen sulfide and the recovery of light hydrocarbon components (i.e.C₂₊, ) in the optimization. To verify the applicability of the proposed mathematical model, a simplified industrial case study with four scenarios is solved. The optimization results show that the economic benefit can be maximized by considering both the direct reuse of gas streams from high-pressure separator (HP gas stream) and from low-pressure separator (LP gas stream) and the recovery of the light hydrocarbon streams. The fuzzy optimization method can be used to guide the optimal design of the refinery hydrogen system with multi-period variable flowrates.     

A robust possibilistic programming approach for pharmaceutical supply chain network design

In this paper, a bi-objective mixed integer linear programming (BOMILP) model is developed for a pharmaceutical supply chain network design (PSCND) problem. The model helps to make several decisions about the strategic issues such as opening of pharmaceutical manufacturing centers and main/local distribution centers along with optimal material flows over a mid-term planning horizon as the tactical decisions. It aims to concurrently minimize the total costs and unfulfilled demands as the first and second objective functions. Since the critical parameters are tainted with great degree of epistemic uncertainty, a robust possibilistic programming approach is used to handle uncertain parameters. In order to verify and analyze the proposed model, it is tested on a real case study and managerial insights are provided.