The Difference between ZSM-5 Zeolites Manufactured from Various Synthesis Systems and Their Catalytic Performances

ZSM-5 zeolites with similar St/Al ratio were synthesized successfully using various templates [n- butylamine （BTA）, tetrapropylammonium bromide （TPABr） and no template （NT）] under hydrothermal conditions, The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, Py-IR and BET surface area measurements in order to understand the template eiTects and the differences between the ZSM-5 santples. The synthesis of ZSM-5 with organic templates was relatively easier than those with inorganic templates and withnut template. SEM results revealed that ZSM-5 synthesized with different templates had different morphologies in similar particle size. Toluene disproportiortation reaction was carried out over the catalyst samples to evaluate the catalytic properties. The results have shown that large crystals which have a correspondingly small external surface showed a high para-xylene selectivity, and the amount of C9^＋ and C5^＋ was much less than that obtained from zeolite with small crystals.     

Study on Deactivation and Cracking Performance of Catalysts Containing Y and MFI Zeolites

This article investigated the deactivation caused by hydrothermal treatment and metal contamination of two cracking catalysts containing the Y and ZRP-1 zeolites aimed at maximization of light olefin yield. Test results had shown that the hydrothermal stability and resistance to metal contamination of the ZRP-1 zeolite were apparently better than those of the Y zeolite. Hydrothermal treatment and metal contamination had not only changed the catalytic cracking performance of respective zeolites, but at the same time had also modified to a definite degree of the relative proportions of effective components in these two zeolites and affected the synergistic effects between them, resulting in a relative enhancement of secondary cracking ability of the catalyst and increased olefin selectivity in the FCC products. In the course of application of catalyst for maximization of light olefins yield appropriate adjustment of the relative proportion of two active components can help to alleviate the products distribution and selectivity changes caused by deactivation of FCC catalysts.     

Synthesis of ZSM-5 Monoliths with Hierarchical Porosity

1 Introduction Zeolites have been widely used in industry in heterogeneous catalysis, particularly in the fields of oil refining and petro- chemical production as solid acid catalysts, thanks to their specific features[1]. Although the micropores of zeolite have been well described as having excellent potential for chemi- cal functions, their intricate pore and channel systems in the molecular size range (0.3—1.5 nm) are not efficient for pro- cessing large molecules of nanometer size. In the…     

Performance and Commercial Application of the Promoter LCC-A for Maximization of Propylene Yield

1 Introduction Propylene as an important feedstock for organic chemicals is mainly originated from steam cracking and catalytic cracking processes. During the FCC process the propylene content varies with the FCC catalyst and process technology adopted, resulting in significant difference in propylene concentration in the cracked product——LPG. The conventional FCC pro- cess generally gives a propylene yield of around 4%, while the FCC process with maximization of propylene yield can in…     

Hierarchically Structured Monolithic ZSM-5 through Macroporous Silica Gel Zeolitization

1 Introduction Zeolites with porous diameters in the molecular size range have been widely used in the industry as catalysts, adsorbents, ion exchangers, etc[1,2]. However, the sole pres- ence of micropores often limits the performance of zeolites in their practical applications because they can cause diffusion limitations on the reaction rate. Consequently, some research efforts have been focused on hierarchically structured zeolites, which can combine different levels of porosity into a sing…     

Structural Changes of Y Zeolites with Different Initial SiO2／Al2O3 Ratios during Hydrothermal Treatment

The effects of the initial framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratio and temperature on the structural changes of NaY zeolites during hydrothermal treatments are studied. Two samples with different framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratios are subjected to hydrothermal treatment at four different temperatures. For zeolite with a lower initial SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 4.2, mesopores are easily formed because more framework aluminum is detached. Moreover, two kinds of mesopores are produced at a higher temperature due to the interconnection of vacancies and smaller mesopores. For zeolite with a higher initial SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 6.0, there are less mesopores formed as compared with the lower initial SiO2/Al2O3 ratio sample, but there are some macropores formed. This may be attributed to the isolation of vacancies and the different distributions of aluminum in the crystal lattice of the zeolite. The experiment data show that NaY with the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 6.0 retains a high relative crystallinity during the hydrothermal treatment. This proves that a high framework SiO2/Al2O3 ratio benefits the stability of zeolite.     

基于Y型沸石的解聚制备ZSM-5/Y沸石催化材料

以工业NaY沸石在碱性环境下解聚形成的硅、铝物种作为ZSM-5沸石生长的部分原料,通过补加适宜的硅物种和模板剂等,成功得到了具有核-壳结构的ZSM-5/Y沸石催化材料。采用XRD、FT-IR、NH3-TPD、SEM、EDS等对合成的材料进行表征,并以异丙苯和正庚烷的催化裂化反应评价了该复合材料作为裂解催化剂的催化活性,并与对应的机械混合物比较。结果表明,ZSM-5/Y沸石复合物的形成是一个由Y型沸石向ZSM-5沸石转变的过程,后合成的ZSM-5沸石包裹Y型沸石进行生长,形成以多晶Y型沸石为核,ZSM-5沸石为壳的复合物。ZSM-5/Y沸石复合物与对应的机械混合物的性质存在显著差异,并非两种沸石的简单加和。与对应的机械混合物相比,ZSM-5/Y沸石复合物催化正庚烷裂化反应的正庚烷转化率更高,低碳烃,特别是乙烯和丙烯的选择性更高;催化异丙苯裂化时,异丙苯转化率较低,壳层的孔道结构是其主要影响因素。     

介孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其在催化裂化反应中的应用

以NaOH为碱源、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为骨架保护剂,通过碱抽提方法制备新型介孔ZSM-5分子筛,并考察其催化裂化反应性能。结果表明:相对于传统碱抽提方法制备的介孔ZSM-5分子筛,新型介孔ZSM-5分子筛的比表面积和孔体积以及结晶度显著提高;与ZSM-5分子筛和传统碱抽提方法制备介孔ZSM-5分子筛相比,新型介孔ZSM-5分子筛的微反活性分别提高19百分点和13百分点,裂化产物汽油产率分别增加18.8百分点和12.6百分点,汽油组分辛烷值分别增加1.9和1.4个单位。     

焦化蜡油在ZSM-5和USY催化剂上的裂化性能研究

在实验室重油微反装置上对比研究了焦化蜡油在ZSM-5和USY催化剂上的反应规律.实验结果表明,与USY催化剂相比,焦化蜡油在ZSM-5催化剂上的转化率虽然相对较低,但因ZSM-5分子筛对焦化蜡油中大分子氮化物进入分子筛孔道具有阻碍作用,使其对碱性氮化物中毒的敏感性明显降低;同时,在较低的转化率下,采用ZSM-5催化剂时液化石油气产率可达到23.6%以上,丙烯产率在10%以上.说明采用ZSM-5催化剂对催化裂化装置掺炼部分焦化蜡油多产丙烯具有重要意义.     

中孔ZSM-5沸石的制备及其催化裂解性能

采用碱处理脱硅制备了中孔ZSM-5沸石,考察了不同碱处理方式对ZSM-5沸石的酸性质和孔结构的影响,采用XRD、NH₃-TPD、SEM、N₂吸附-脱附、FT-IR等手段对碱处理ZSM-5沸石进行表征,研究了碱处理ZSM-5沸石对裂解正构烷烃n-C₁₄、1,3,5-三异丙基苯和轻柴油裂化反应的催化性能。结果表明:碱处理ZSM-5沸石的中孔比表面积、中孔孔体积以及酸量均比工业ZSM-5沸石有所增加,在催化裂解n-C₁₄时,促进了己烷的进一步裂解,提高了产物中戊烷的选择性;在催化裂解1,3,5-三异丙基苯时加深了裂解程度,提高了初级裂解产物二异丙苯和深度裂解产物苯的选择性;在催化裂解轻柴油时,增加了汽油收率。并且,加入TPA⁺阳离子与NaOH的混合碱液比加入单一的NaOH碱溶液更能促进ZSM-5沸石表面脱硅,使得表面富铝,促进了中孔结构的形成,进一步增大了中孔比表面积和中孔孔体积,增加了酸量,提高了ZSM-5沸石的催化裂解性能。     

分子筛孔结构对轻烃催化裂解性能的影响

采用无机碱处理脱硅方法制备了具有不同孔结构的ZSM-5分子筛,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、吡啶红外吸附(Py-FTIR)、N₂吸附/脱附对分子筛进行了表征,将其应用于轻烃催化裂解反应考察其性能差异。结果表明,碱处理脱硅制备的微孔-介孔分子筛结合了微孔的催化性能、择形选择性和介孔的优异扩散性能。对于目的产物是低碳烯烃的烃类催化裂解反应而言,同时具有适宜微孔和介孔孔分布的分子筛体现出更优异的催化性能。同碳数的直链烷烃正辛烷和环烷烃乙基环己烷,虽然其分子结构不同,但在具有更短扩散路径和更大外表面积的4^#-ZSM-5分子筛上,正辛烷和乙基环己烷催化裂解均表现出更高的反应活性稳定性和低碳烯烃产物选择性;在相同孔结构分子筛条件下,环烷烃乙基环己烷的总体反应活性低于相对应的直链烷烃正辛烷。     

碱处理对ZSM-5分子筛多级孔道结构和扩散性能的影响

以氢氧化钠水溶液处理ZSM-5分子筛,调变分子筛内部孔道结构.使用"零长柱"(ZLC)方法研究不同碱处理时间下环己烷探针分子在ZSM-5分子筛中扩散系数的变化;使用Ar吸附-脱附手段表征碱处理前后样品中微孔和介孔体积、孔径分布变化;并结合透射电镜(TEM)表征研究了不同碱处理扩孔程度下ZSM-5分子筛中介孔的变化和孔道...     

高硅ZSM-5分子筛介孔化及其催化裂解性能

采用不同浓度的Na2CO3溶液对高硅ZSM-5分子筛进行改性使其介孔化。对改性前后的ZSM-5分子筛进行了XRD、SEM、N2-吸附脱附和NH3-TPD等表征,并在小型固定床装置上考察了介孔化对正己烷催化裂解反应性能的影响。结果表明,调变Na2CO3溶液的浓度可以在保持骨架的同时产生介孔,增大分子筛的介孔孔容和总孔容,有效地调变分子筛的孔径分布;Na2CO3溶液改性ZSM-5分子筛对其正己烷的催化裂解活性几乎没有影响,但是由于介孔化处理优化了分子筛的扩散性能,在一定程度上减少了氢转移等二次反应,从而提高了丙烯的收率,丙烯的选择性明显增加。     

以乙二胺为模板剂合成Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛

以乙二胺为模板剂,采用两步晶化法,在先合成ZSM-5分子筛的基础上合成出具有双微孔结构的Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛,考察了原料配比和溶液pH对合成产物的影响;采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和NH3程序升温脱附法对Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛进行了表征,并与Y型及ZSM-5分子筛的机械混合物进行了比较;研究了Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛对丁烷裂解和芳构化反应的催化性能。实验结果表明,当n(S iO2)∶n(A l2O3)=20~30,pH=12.0~12.5时,可合成出Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛;Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛的结构和性能明显不同于Y型及ZSM-5分子筛的机械混合物;在650℃时,Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛对丁烷裂解和芳构化反应的乙烯和丙烯选择性达40.72%,苯和甲苯选择性达27.46%。     

不同硅/铝比ZSM-5分子筛对烷烃和环烷烃催化裂解性能的影响

以硅/铝摩尔比（n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=24的ZSM 5分子筛为母体,通过酸处理脱铝制备了具有不同硅/铝摩尔比(50、85、110、140)的ZSM-5分子筛,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氨气程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)、吡啶红外吸附(Py-FTIR)、N₂吸附-脱附等手段对其进行表征,考察其应用于正辛烷和乙基环己烷催化裂解反应的性能差异。结果表明,正辛烷和乙基环己烷的转化率与ZSM-5分子筛硅/铝比存在较好的对应关系,即硅/铝比越低、酸量越高,转化率越高;但ZSM-5分子筛硅/铝比低、酸量过多会导致非选择性副反应发生,降低目的产物低碳烯烃收率和选择性。不同硅/铝比ZSM-5分子筛在正辛烷和乙基环己烷催化裂解反应中显示出不同的催化性能,对于相同碳数的烷烃正辛烷和乙基环己烷,由于其分子结构不同,所适宜的硅/铝比不同;在相同硅/铝比分子筛条件下,环烷烃乙基环己烷的总体反应活性低于相对应的直链烷烃正辛烷;正辛烷在ZSM-5-85分子筛上具有更优异的催化裂解反应性能,乙基环己烷在ZSM-5-50分子筛上具有更优异的催化裂解反应性能。     

ZSM-5/MgO质量比对复合催化剂物化性质及合成甲硫醇反应的影响

采用介孔碱性MgO对微孔酸性ZSM-5分子筛进行复合改性,利用液相沉淀包覆技术制备了ZSM-5/MgO复合催化剂,研究了ZSM-5与MgO质量比对复合催化剂物化性质和合成甲硫醇催化性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积及孔隙分析仪(BET)和化学吸附分析仪(CO₂/NH₃-TPD)等手段对不同复合催化剂的晶相组成、微观形貌、孔结构及表面酸碱性进行分析表征。结果表明：ZSM-5/MgO质量比对ZSM-5/MgO复合催化剂的物化性质和催化性能影响较大。过高或过低ZSM-5/MgO质量比制得复合催化剂中MgO结晶度都有所降低,且未形成包覆相结构;ZSM-5/MgO质量比为1/3时制得复合催化剂形成了均匀包覆相结构和微 介孔结构(总比表面积为162 m²/g,总孔体积0.46 cm³/g),同时具有酸碱特性;在反应压力1.0 MPa、反应温度370  ℃、H2S/CH₃OH摩尔比2/1、N₂流速80 mL/min、H₂S流速4.9 mL/min反应条件下合成甲硫醇,复合催化剂表现出优越的催化性能、稳定性及寿命,CH₃OH转化率、CH₃SH选择性和CH₃SH收率分别达到90.48%、90.04%和81.47%,催化剂寿命达到18 h。与单一ZSM-5分子筛相比,复合催化剂寿命延长了7 h,CH₃SH收率提高了13.97百分点。     

碱处理对ZSM-5分子筛膜结构及其催化性能的影响

以片状或管状不锈钢为载体,采用原位生长法制备ZSM-5分子筛膜,考察了碱处理对ZSM-5分子筛膜结构及其催化性能的影响。结果表明,用0.2 mol/L的NaOH溶液处理ZSM-5分子筛膜时,碱处理温度偏高或时间偏长,均会导致分子筛膜表面出现裂痕,影响膜基界面结合强度;在合适的碱处理条件下,可避免分子筛膜出现裂痕,但不能如粉末样品那样产生介孔;碱处理可溶解分子筛膜表面的无定型物质,从而改善其催化性能。     

Co/ZSM-5分子筛的表征及其催化合成烷基吡啶的研究

Co/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂是一种具有较强催化活性的醛氨缩合催化剂，其主要特点是反应条件温和，择形选择性高，副产物少，醛氨缩合反应是制备烷基吡啶最具代表性的反应路线之一。本研究用SEM，XRD，IR和BET等技术考察了Co/ZSM-5分子筛的物理化学特性，并将Co/ZSM-5分子筛用于醛氨缩合合成烷基吡啶的反应，研究表明，浸渍液的钴含量（质量分数）为0.5%-1.0%，对ZSM-5可起到很好的改性作用；钴含量为0.4%-0.6%，烷基吡啶的选择性最佳；浸渍次数1-3次最好。通过浸渍法使得Co^2 进入ZSM-5分子筛骨架中，对醛氨缩合反应有较高的催化活性和选择性，采用Co/ZSM-5分子筛，烷基吡啶的收率可以达80%以上。     

ZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛的制备及乙醇脱水催化性能

以拟薄水铝石、磷酸和硅溶胶为原料,以二正丙胺为模板剂,采用包埋法合成了ZSM-5/SAPO-11双微孔结构复合分子筛,并通过XRD、SEM、TEM、FT-IR、BET、NH₃-TPD等手段对复合分子筛进行了表征。结果表明,合成的复合分子筛是一种ZSM-5(核)/SAPO-11(壳) 式双微孔复合分子筛。将该复合分子筛用于乙醇脱水制乙烯反应,虽然催化活性略低于ZSM-5分子筛,但稳定性比ZSM-5有大幅度提高。综合考虑催化活性和稳定性,ZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛更适合作为乙醇脱水制乙烯的催化剂。