灵活、经济的染色方法

1　前言纱线染色是染整行业一种比较成熟的染色方法 ,而且越来越能够满足快速发展的市场对染色一次成功 (ＲＦＴ)的要求。这种染色方法主要分三类 :绞纱染色、筒子纱染色和经轴染色 (连续式纱线染色 ) ,最近又出现了纱线段染工艺 ,可以非常灵活地生产多色纱线 ,对于设计生产机织、针织和簇绒产品极具价值。绞纱染色主要用于要求手感丰满并具有蓬松性的染色纱 ,如蓬松性高的腈纶纱线 ,以及用于手工针织品、机织毯和簇绒毯的纱线。地毯用纱线的绒头突起、蓬松性和绒头覆盖程度都比较大 ,这是因为这种纱线的染色是在比较松弛的条件下进行的。采…     

浅谈生态染色新技术

从生态角度介绍近年来一些新的染色新技术。着重介绍了超声波染色技术、短流程染色技术、节水染色技术（合理利用水,重复利用水,无水和非水染色）、超临界二氧化碳流体染色技术和仿生染色等染色新技术。     

高效清洁的皮革染色方法

介绍了超临界染色、超声波染色和电化学染色三种高效、清洁的染色方法在皮革染色中的应用,并指出了今后皮革染色的发展方向。     

筒纱染色工艺及应用技术

筒纱染色是纱线染色的发展趋势。本文分析了筒纱染色的特点及在染色中有可能产生的疵点和预防措施,并着重论述了筒纱染色的工艺和应用。     

羊毛环保染色工艺研究进展

环境友好的染色工艺是减少污染的一种重要方法,本文从环保的角度介绍了一些羊毛的节水节能的染色工艺。这些工艺包括低温染色、短湿蒸染色、微胶囊染色、冷轧堆染色、溶剂染色、超临界二氧化碳染色、低温等离子体染色、超声波染色、微波染色、助剂增溶染色等．     

非水染色研究进展

从溶剂染色、真空升华染料染色和超临界二氧化碳染色等几个方面介绍无水染色发展状况，在此基础上讨论合成染色介质在染色中的应用及今后的发展方向。     

纤维素纤维的新型染色技术研究进展

由于目前纤维素纤维的常规染色技术中存在缺陷,文章介绍了纤维素纤维的几种新型染色技术,如超临界二氧化碳染色、超声波染色、微波染色和气雾染色等等.分析了这些染色技术的研究现状,并指出了目前这些技术存在的问题及进一步的研究方向.     

筒子纱染色新技术,新设备

纱线染色主要分为绞纱染色、筒子染色和经轴染色3种方法。国外已基本不采用绞纱染色法,主要采用筒子染色和经轴染色。目前国内外主要纱线染色机制造商和生产情况如表1所示。虽然近年来我国纱线染色机取得了长足发展,但仍与国外先进水平有一段距离（见表2）,不能满足我国纺织工业的发展要求,这也是造成大量引进国外先进纱线染色机的重要原因之一。国产纱线染色机与国外先进纱线染色机的主要技术差距如表3所示。目前,国外筒子纱染色技术的发展主要有以下几个方面。1.容纱量向两极发展,大的特大,小的特小英国Longclose公司1996年为广东…     

植物染筒子纱染色的实现

纱线染色是以纱线为对象的染色工艺,主要包括经轴染色、绞纱染色、筒子纱染色、经束轧染等。其中筒子纱染色又称纬管纱染色,其上染方式是将短纤纱或长丝卷绕在布满孔眼的筒管上(要求卷绕密度适当、均匀,一般称为“松筒”),然后将其套在染色机载纱器的染柱上,放入筒子染色机内,借助泵的作用,使染液在筒子纱线或纤维之间穿透循环。筒子纱染色过程是一个化学变化,需要经过前处理、入缸高温染色、脱水烘干等步骤,将坯纱变成筒子色纱。     

雷索林染料的推广与应用

介绍了用于涤纶染色的雷索林料以及它的染色性能，染色质量和染色成本。     

出土古玉器的料色和沁色辨析

通过分析古玉器的颜色来鉴别、评估古玉器是古玉器鉴定研究中的一项重要内容。出土古玉器的颜色成因是多方面的,既有玉料本身具有的颜色(作者称之为料色),它由玉石中所含致色元素的成分和质量分数决定;又有玉料被加工成器后因埋藏与周围介质发生作用而变化的颜色(即沁色)。在鉴定实践中不少的鉴定者将玉器的料色误定为沁色。以和田玉为例试图通过玉器的颜色与玉器雕琢纹饰之间的关系来辨别料色与沁色。     

变色材料在纺织品上的应用

介绍了变色材料的分类、变色原理及在纺织品中应用的意义和应用方法;介绍了变色纤维和变色染料(颜料)微胶囊的制备方法和用于纺织品中的变色染料应具备的条件;并列举了应用实例。     

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) a natural source of edible yellow colour

Curcuma longa, L. an important natural sources of yellow colour was successfully extracted with acetone, ethanol and propanol. The liquid colour was developed from concentrated oleoresin (50 mL) by addition of 10 mL of polysorbate. The resultant liquid colour was water‐soluble. The powder colour was prepared by crystallisation of concentrated oleoresin. The best quality of crystals (dry) was formed with petroleum ether. The result of physico‐chemical properties revealed that liquid colour was soluble in all water‐based medium while crystallised colour was fat‐soluble on heating. Both liquid and crystal colour retained >80% of their colour for 6 months. It was concluded that yellow colour in liquid and crystal form could be developed from turmeric with acceptable physico‐chemical properties. Both colour can be used in food products and had good market potential.     

翡翠的皮壳与内部颜色的关系探讨

翡翠皮壳的主色有黄色、白色、黑色和红色等,为翡翠的次生色。非主色常不规则分布,多为翡翠的原生色。具色调较深黄色皮壳的内部玉石常出现偏蓝绿色,偶见红色、黄色,主要由Fe2 /Fe3 致色;具色调较浅黄色皮壳的内部玉石常呈淡紫色,偶见淡绿色,其含Fe量较低,色调浅。具白色皮壳的内部玉石常出现白色或无色,其致色元素的质量分数低。具黑色皮壳的内部玉石可呈现鲜绿色、蓝灰绿色、茄紫色、灰白色及黑色,其成因多种。皮壳非主色中的绿色(俗称"松花")和黑色(俗称"癣")是内部原生色在皮壳的直接反映,根据其分布特点可以直接判断翡翠内部的颜色及其分布。     

Metmyoglobin reducing activity and colour stability of ovine longissimus muscle

Characteristics of metmyoglobin reducing activity in ovine longissimus were determined, and its effect on colour and colour stability of muscle was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment vacuum packed ovine longissimus samples were incubated at 5–35°C during the first 16 h post mortem (n=8 per treatment). Metmyoglobin reducing activity was negatively affected by incubation temperatures above 30°C, but colour and colour stability were little affected at 24 h post mortem and after 2 weeks of vacuum storage at 2°C. In the second experiment the effects of pre-slaughter stress and electrical stimulation on metmyoglobin reducing activity, colour and colour stability of ovine longissimus (n=40) with an ultimate pH below 5.8 were investigated. Neither of the treatments had an effect on metmyoglobin reducing activity or colour parameters. The relatively large variation in metmyoglobin activity and colour parameters allowed correlation analysis. Metmyoglobin reducing activity was not correlated to colour or the colour stability parameters. The results of the present study indicate that metmyoglobin reducing activity is not the primary determinant of colour or colour stability of ovine longissimus muscle.     

The relationship between the subjective and objective measurement of pork colour

Summary. The colour of ninety-seven pig longissimus dorsi muscles was measured using a spectrophotometer, a simple colour reflectometer, and an untrained panel of ten graders. the results obtained from the colour meters and the graders were compared with Munsell V value of the samples, calculated from the reflection spectra.
Visual colour grading produced a near linear correlation with the Munsell V value. Dark samples tended to be underestimated, whereas pale samples were overestimated by the panel. There was considerable variation between observers'scores, between methods of visual grading, and between visual and instrumental grading. Results obtained from the colour meter were reproducible. the error in comparison with the spectrophotometer was small. the colour meter provides a convenient portable and inexpensive method of measuring the colour lightness of pork muscle.
The experiment showed the practicability of objective measurement of meat colour lightness. the determination of colour quality, however, requires both subjective and objective measurements.     

萝卜红色素的提取与性质研究

本文报道了从红心萝卜中提取花青素类天然食用色素、用大孔吸附树脂精制花青素类天然食用色素的工艺方法,以及萝卜红色素的理化性质,包括光谱特征和溶液pH及其它理化因素对萝卜红色素颜色稳定性、呈色强度和色调等的影响。研究表明,与其它来源的花青素一样,随pH增大,最大吸收波长向长波方向移动。当溶液中Cl-浓度增加时,最大吸收峰处吸光强度增加。     

叶绿素铜钠盐染稿织物工艺优化

基于能染得绿色的天然染料很少,本文研究了叶绿素铜钠盐染得绿色棉织物的方法,并测试了染色织物的色牢度性能。首先采取不同的染色工艺对改性棉织物进行染色,工艺的不同点主要在于染色温度和染色时间,染色温度分别采用70℃、80℃、90℃、染色时间分别采用40min、50min、60min,然后分别测试染得织物的耐摩擦色牢度、耐刷洗色牢度、熨烫升华色牢度、耐汗渍色牢度、颜色特征值等,通过比对这些实验结果,得到一个最优化的染色工艺：一般以染色时间50～60min、染色温度80℃左右为宜。     

Wood colour of central European wood species: CIELAB characterisation and colour intensification

In this project, 24 central European wood species have been characterized spectrophotometrically using the CIELAB-colour-system. Special focus has been put on the analysis of colour intensification of wood surfaces due to surface wetting. The analysis shows how the various wood species react to wetting and how the colour is changed. Especially darker hardwood species are susceptible to the colour intensification effect, resulting in a more intensive colour appearance. Additionally, an idealised model to describe the appearance of the wood colour is proposed: The recognized wood colour is a function of: first the reflected wavelength of the visible light, second the surface roughness and third the inner structure of the specific wood piece and the resulting refraction properties of the interacting substances. This model is supported by colour and gloss measurements of the wood species and selected coating investigations with oil and clear lacquer. Furthermore, a novel characteristic value, namely the light-reflection-depth (LRD), is introduced to describe wood properties according to light penetration. All this helps to understand how the wood colour impression is created for a standard observer. Particularly, the intensification effect can be described and explained by structural changes, which affect a change in colour. Understanding the reasons for the colour intensification supports innovative natural colour engineering of specific wood species.     

电脑测色配色系统在锦纶织物染色中的应用研究

重点研究了计算机测色配色系统在锦纶织物配色中的应用,详细阐述了计算机测色配色系统中基础数据库的建立及检验方法,并应用基础数据库进行了配色应用。研究结果表明,计算机测色配色技术可以应用于锦纶针织物自动电脑测配色中,并且对于彩色系列准确性高,对于灰色系列经过1～2次的修色可达到要求。