Simple high-resolution wavelength monitor based on a fiber Bragg grating

A compact and low-cost device for monitoring the peak wavelength of single-peak spectral distributions is presented. The system is based on the transmission properties of a fiber Bragg grating when its period is modulated. Different types of optical signal, such as the emission of distributed-feedback lasers and the reflection of a broadband optical source produced by fiber gratings used in sensor systems, can be measured with this device. We demonstrate that a high wavelength resolution of micro 1 pm can be achieved and that our proposal can be used for real-time monitoring.     

取样光纤布拉格光栅特性的研究

用传输矩阵法从理论上计算了取样光纤布拉格光栅的反射谱特性。这种方法将光栅视为多层均匀薄膜的叠加,利用每一层的传输矩阵相乘获得了光栅的反射谱特性。研究表明,随着光栅长度的增加和采样率、折射率调制深度的减少,反射峰的均匀性得到了改善,旁瓣的反射率变小,带宽明显变窄,而反射峰间隔保持不变。反射峰的间隔由光栅周期决定,与采样率无关,而某些文献则要求采样率小于10%。这与频谱分析所得结论相吻合。     

基于双折射效应的光纤光栅称重方法研究

与通常的光纤光栅传感器原理不同,本文基于光纤在外界径向载荷作用下产生的双折射效应为原理,建立了一套简单的称重实验装置,并对其检测原理进行了详细的分析。实验表明,这种光纤光栅称重传感器适合大载荷情况的重量检测问题,特别适合于公路计重收费系统中对车辆载重的监测领域,其称重灵敏度可达5kg。     

利用WDM光纤耦合器的光纤光栅传感解调技术

根据 WDM 光纤耦合器波长解调方案的工作原理、偏振特性以及影响系统波长分辨力的因素,提出一种改进的利用 WDM 光纤耦合器的光纤光栅传感解调技术。该技术在原技术的基础上,采用偏振控制器控制入射光偏振状态,提高了解调的精度和稳定性。对 WDM 光纤耦合器的多次波长扫描结果表明,采用偏振控制器后,其波长误差可减小到 5pm 左右。实验采用 1540/1560nm的 WDM 光纤耦合器对单点光纤光栅应变传感器进行静态解调,结果表明:按此技术开发的解调系统具有 0.01nm 波长分辨力和 10nm 的波长线性解调范围。     

基于光纤光栅传感器的结构故障定位方法

提出了一种实现结构故障定位和故障实时监测的新方法.该方法利用光纤光栅传感网络测量结构应变,得到结构的挠度矩阵,分析故障前后挠度矩阵变化,计算得出故障定位向量,进而确定损伤区域,实现了结构故障准确定位和健康状况实时监测.实验结果表明,上述方法大大提高了故障定位的准确度和实时性.     

Temperature sensor based on the power reflected by a Bragg grating in a tapered fiber

We present a temperature sensor based on two chirped gratings made in optical fibers tapered by fusion. One of the gratings has a metallic shielding and acts as sensor element, whereas the second grating provides a reference signal. The sensor is interrogated by measuring the power reflected by the two gratings, and the system has an accuracy of 0.05 degrees C over a linear operation range of more than 10 degrees C that can be adjusted in the fabrication process.     

Reconstruction of a fiber Bragg grating from noisy reflection data

We develop a novel method that enables one to reconstruct the structure of highly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings from noisy reflection spectra. When the reflection spectrum is noisy and the grating reflectivity is high, noise in the Bragg zone of the reflection spectrum is amplified by the inverse scattering algorithms and prevents the reconstruction of the grating. Our method is based on regularizing the reflection spectrum in frequencies inside the Bragg zone by using the data on the grating spectrum outside the Bragg zone. The regularized reflection spectrum is used to reconstruct the grating structure by means of inverse scattering. Our method enables one to analyze gratings with a high reflectivity from a spectrum that contains a high level of noise. Such gratings could not be analyzed by using methods described in previous work [IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 39, 1238 (2003)].     

Fast fiber-optic tunable filter based on axial compression on a fiber Bragg grating

We describe the design, fabrication, and performance of a fiber Bragg grating-based tunable optic filter. The filter, driven by two piezostacks, consists of a flexural hinge structure for displacement magnification and a fiber-ferrule assembly for axial compression of the fiber grating. Finite-element analysis was used to design the mechanical structure to achieve the required displacement magnification and the force for grating compression. A passive thermal compensation design was implemented to reduce thermal-induced wavelength drift. A feedback control system with a linear variable differential transformer was employed to control the displacement for accurate wavelength tuning and fine-tuning resolution. This tunable filter has achieved a closed-loop switching time of 17.3 ms, and a passive thermal compensation that reduced the thermal drift of the Bragg wavelength to 1.5 pm/C. The flexural-hinge structure that offers negligible backlash, noise-free motion, no need of lubricants, and no wear ensures its long-term reliability.     

基于FBG轴向拉力的液位测量传感器

根据光纤布喇格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)的传感原理,提出了一种基于波纹管结构的FBG液位传感器,利用补偿FBG(FBG1)与液位FBG(FBG2)具有相同的温度灵敏度进行温度补偿,将FBG2固定在波纹管内,液压产生的张力可以使波纹管的自由端产生位移,从而使固定在里面的FBG2产生轴向应变进而影响布喇格中心波长的改变.通过布喇格中心波长的改变来监测液位的变化,在40~340mm的液位变化范围内进行了实验研究.结果表明,光纤布喇格光栅中心反射波长漂移对液位呈现良好的线性关系,线性拟合度大于0.998,灵敏度为15.7pm/cm,理论测量范围可达到3m.说明通过改变波纹管的波纹数目和其他参数,可实现对传感器测量范围和灵敏度的调整,以满足各种应用场合.     

光纤光栅肘关节角度测量方法

为解决现有关节角度测量装置的不足,提出一种基于多光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating, FBG)的关节角度测量方法。该方法将多光纤光栅固定在套袖上,套袖戴在肘关节上,辅以自主设计的基于LabVIEW关节角度计算及数据处理的程序和可视化界面,实现对肘关节角度实时测量并输出可视化数据。该套袖具有柔性化程度高、不受电磁信号干扰、测量效率高、结构简单的优点。对所制作套袖进行测量实验,实验结果表明,该测量方法的误差约为2.88%,重复性误差在4%以下,具有实际的应用价值。     

光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器在霍普金森压杆上的冲击试验研究

利用复合材料封装光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)设计制作了用于测量高速碰撞或爆炸与冲击作用下混凝土内部动态应变的FBG应变传感器。在霍普金森压杆上对FBG在封装前的裸光栅和封装后的FBG传感器分别进行了高速冲击试验,试验表明：设计的FBG传感器的瞬态响应上升时间小于20μs,具有良好的动态响应特性,可以用于工程中混凝土结构内高速冲击下的动态应变测试     

基于内埋光纤Bragg光栅传感器的复合材料固化过程监测

为了全面了解复合材料的固化特性,在对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料固化变形进行数值仿真分析的基础上,将自行设计的光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）传感器埋入复合材料中,实时在线监测复合材料固化过程中温度和应变的演变。预浸料铺层方式为[0₁₁/90₁₁],分别在层合板0°和45°方向的典型位置埋入FBG温度和应变传感器,采用热模压方式固化成型复合材料层合板,并对成型后的层合板进行连续2次降温处理,实时记录固化过程中FBG传感器中心波长的变化。结果表明:在相同的温度条件下,复合材料在第1次降温初始阶段的压应变绝对值明显小于在第2次降温初始阶段的压应变绝对值,表明复合材料在第1次降温过程中仍在进行FBG传感器可检的“后固化”反应;此外,层合板变形的FBG传感器监测数据与有限元模拟结果吻合良好。因此,采用内埋FBG传感器的方法能够实时监测复合材料固化过程,为更全面地分析复合材料固化特性提供了一种可靠有效的方法。      

基于LabVIEW6.0的光纤布拉格光栅光学特性的仿真设计

从具体应用出发,分析了计算光纤光栅光学特性的传输矩阵算法,在对比总结MatLab和LabVIEW在工程应用上的优、缺点的基础上,提出了采用LabVIEW调用MatLab程序进行光纤布拉格光栅光学特性分析与光栅辅助设计的新方法,给出了具体的算法实现流程并说明具体调用的过程。     

Fiber optic hot-wire flowmeter based on a metallic coated hybrid long period grating/fiber Bragg grating structure

In this work an all-optical hot-wire flowmeter based on a silver coated fiber combining a long period grating and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) structure is proposed. Light from a pump laser at 1480 nm propagating down the fiber is coupled by the long period grating into the fiber cladding and is absorbed by the silver coating deposited on the fiber surface over the Bragg grating structure. This absorption acts like a hot wire raising the fiber temperature locally, which is effectively detected by the FBG resonance shift. The temperature increase depends on the flow speed of the surrounding air, which has the effect of cooling the fiber. It is demonstrated that the Bragg wavelength shift can be related to the flow speed. A flow speed resolution of 0.08 m/s is achieved using this new configuration.     

Effect of light source spectral modulation on wavelength interrogation in fiber Bragg grating sensors and its reduction

In the fiber Bragg grating sensing using a superluminescent diode as the light source and an arrayed waveguide grating as the wavelength interrogator, the wavelength measurement error due to the spectral modulation of the superluminescent diode is theoretically formulated and quantitatively analyzed by computer simulation. It is shown that the wavelength measurement errors produced with the use of real superluminescent diodes are in very good agreement with the theoretical results. In order to reduce the wavelength measurement error due to the spectral modulation of superluminescent diode, two different types of remedies are proposed that utilize the temperature switching of superluminescent diode and that adjust the bandwidths of fiber Bragg grating and arrayed waveguide grating, and their efficacies are experimentally demonstrated together with good quantitative agreement with the theoretical calculation.     

Fabrication of advanced fiber Bragg gratings by use of sequential writing with a continuous-wave ultraviolet laser source

We present a novel scheme based on sequential writing for fabrication of advanced fiber Bragg gratings. As opposed to earlier sequential methods this technique uses a cw UV laser source and allows for very precise control and repetitivity of the formation of the gratings. Furthermore it is possible to use high average irradiances without destroying the fiber, resulting in considerable reduction in fabrication time for complex gratings. The method has been applied to several test gratings, which proved its versatility and quality.     

Simultaneous measurement of stress and temperature with a fiber Bragg grating based on a loop thin-wall section beam

We designed and demonstrated what we believe to be a novel sensor for simultaneous measurement of stress and temperature. A fiber Bragg grating is flatly adhered to the surface of a loop thin-wall section beam. The theoretical analyses and the experimental results show that both the central wavelength shift and the chirped bandwidth of the grating reflection spectrum have a linear relationship with the stress and the temperature, respectively, and the slopes of them are different. Therefore, the temperature and stress can be discriminated by interrogating the chirped fiber grating. Moreover, we also investigated the strain of the loop thin-wall section beam, and the results show that the strain is cosine proportional to the double positional angle.     

Self-adaptive noise suppression for characterizing the dispersion of chirped fiber Bragg grating

We propose a method to suppress the beat noise generated in fiber low coherence interferometry (LCI) systems for characterizing the chromatic dispersion of chirped fiber Bragg gratings. The beat noise is considered as the dominant noise in the system because of the spectrum mismatch between interference arms due to the broad bandwidth of the light source and the introduction of dispersive components into the measurement arm, and is unfavorable for the signal quality. An experimental system is set up and interferograms of various situations are provided. Experiment results indicate that our method is feasible and effective, as it improves the signal to noise ratio effectively by a factor of more than 3, thereby expanding the measurement range of the LCI system.