Rapid Processing of Net-Shape Thermoplastic Planar-Random Composite Preforms

A novel thermoplastic composite preforming and moulding process is investigated to target cost issues in textile composite processing associated with trim waste, and the limited mechanical properties of current bulk flow-moulding composites. The thermoplastic programmable powdered preforming process (TP-P4) uses commingled glass and polypropylene yarns, which are cut to length before air assisted deposition onto a vacuum screen, enabling local preform areal weight tailoring. The as-placed fibres are heat-set for improved handling before an optional preconsolidation stage. The preforms are then preheated and press formed to obtain the final part. The process stages are examined to optimize part quality and throughput versus processing parameters. A viable processing route is proposed with typical cycle times below 40 s (for a plate 0.5 × 0.5 m², weighing 2 kg), enabling high production capacity from one line. The mechanical performance is shown to surpass that of 40 wt.% GMT and has properties equivalent to those of 40 wt.% GMTex at both 20°C and 80°C.     

Finite Element Assisted Modelling of the Microscopic Impregnation Process in Thermoplastic Preforms

Fibre reinforced composite materials incorporating thermoplastic matrices are gaining increasing popularity in many industrial applications. One of the potential preforms for the manufacture of technical components is commingled yarn composed of reinforcement and matrix in fibre form. These are often employed in the pultrusion process. Another innovative preform consists of polymer powder preimpregnated sheath surrounding fibre bundles. To achieve adequate mechanical properties of the final product it is essential, when producing laminates by a process such as pultrusion with both types of preform, that sufficient matrix impregnation is achieved. The prevention of voids and dry-spots in the laminate requires a theoretical understanding of the mechanisms involved. On a microscopic scale, several finite element (FE) models can be used to simulate the progress of the matrix flow into the interstitial spaces between the single reinforcement fibres. In the present simulations, a hexagonal and a square arrangement account for two of the various fibre packings occurring in a laminate. It permits an estimation of the impregnation performance of commingled and powder impregnated yarns. For each preform the shear rate, to which the polymer matrix is subjected during the impregnation and consolidation process, can be predicted.     

热塑性淀粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

目的 总结近年来有关植物纤维增强聚乳酸发泡材料研究的相关文献,为聚乳酸发泡材料的制备及性能研究提供参考。方法 按照发泡方法进行分类,介绍采用不同发泡方法制备植物纤维/聚乳酸复合发泡材料的性能,重点综述采用超临界CO2发泡法时,添加植物纤维对发泡材料性能的影响。 结果 植物纤维增强聚乳酸发泡材料的研究处于实验室研究阶段;添加植物纤维的聚乳酸发泡材料的泡孔尺寸更均匀、更小,泡孔密度增大,力学性能也有所提高。结论 添加植物纤维可以增强聚乳酸发泡材料的力学等性能;植物纤维和聚乳酸复合发泡材料的相关研究对聚乳酸发泡材料的大规模生产具有重要指导意义。     

功能氧化石墨烯纳米带/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料薄膜的制备及阻隔性能

以氧化解压多壁碳纳米管的方法制备了氧化石墨烯纳米带(GONRs),然后用异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)对GONRs化学修饰得到功能氧化石墨烯纳米带。采用溶液成形的方法在涂膜机上制备了功能氧化石墨烯纳米带(IPGONRs)/热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料薄膜,研究了IP-GONRs对TPU薄膜阻隔性能的影响。扫描电镜和X射线衍射的数据表明,IP-GONRs完全剥离地均匀分散在TPU基体中,并且基本沿着纳米复合材料薄膜表面平行分布。仅添加3.0%(质量分数,下同)的IP-GONRs时,TPU薄膜的氧气透过率便下降67%,因此获得了具有优异阻隔性能的IPGONRs/TPU纳米复合材料薄膜。这种具有优异阻隔性能的复合材料薄膜在食品包装和轻量气体存储容器方面有潜在的应用。     

航空工业用热塑性树脂基复合材料研究进展EI

介绍了芳香族热塑性树脂的种类、性能，预浸料、复合材料的制备方法，复合材料的力学性能及其在飞机上的应用。     

纤维复合材料预制件渗透率及其结构相关性的研究进展

纤维复合材料预制件的渗透率是影响液体模塑成型过程中树脂流动的一个重要参数,由于它与预制件多层次结构的复杂相关性而使得渗透率的预测一直面临着挑战。本文从预制件的微观、细观及宏观层次分别介绍了渗透率与其结构相关性的研究进展,综述了预制件渗透率的数学模型及其影响因素,展望了渗透率研究的发展趋势,这将有助于揭示复合材料结构件的缺陷形成机理,进而优化设计复合材料结构件及其成型工艺。     

Experimental Investigation About Stamping Behaviour of 3D Warp Interlock Composite Preforms

Forming of continuous fibre reinforcements and thermoplastic resin commingled prepregs can be performed at room temperature due to its similar textile structure. The “cool” forming stage is better controlled and more economical. The increase of temperature and the resin consolidation phases after the forming can be carried out under the isothermal condition thanks to a closed system. It can avoid the manufacturing defects easily experienced in the non-isothermal thermoforming, in particular the wrinkling [1]. Glass/Polypropylene commingled yarns have been woven inside different three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabrics and then formed using a double-curved shape stamping tool. The present study investigates the in-plane and through-thickness behaviour of the 3D warp interlock fibrous reinforcements during forming with a hemispherical punch. Experimental data allow analysing the forming behaviour in the warp and weft directions and on the influence of warp interlock architectures. The results point out that the layer to layer warp interlock preform has a better stamping behaviour, in particular no forming defects and good homogeneity in thickness.     

PEEK基体热塑性树脂基复合材料的研究

介绍了热塑性树脂基复合材料用ＰＥＥＫ树脂的性能，静电粉末法制备热塑性树脂预浸料的设备和工艺，用该工艺制备的预浸料规格和性能以及ＡＳ４Ｃ单向织物／ＰＥＥＫ复合材料的力学性能，韧性，耐环境性能，同时还介绍了将这种材料用于宇航工业而进行的基础研究工作。     

热塑性弹性体注塑特性研究

热塑性弹性体由于具有橡胶的高弹性和树脂的良好加工性能从而越来越广泛的得到了应用,以手机天线模具为例,通过实验探索并揭示工艺条件对聚氨酯和聚烯烃共混物这两种热塑性弹性体注塑特性影响,为热塑性弹性体注射工艺的优化提供借鉴。     

Thermoplastic Composite Technology; Tougher Than You Think

Plastics processing technology has enjoyed significant recent advances, such that traditional high‐strength materials such as metals are being replaced with fiber composite materials. This article reports on the physical performance of these light but flexible and durable materials, the Figure showing how the composite bends and deforms rather than breaking when subjected to an interlaminar shear strength test.     

医用级热塑性聚氨酯的拉伸性能测试

文中以医用级高分子聚氨酯(TPU)为原材料,通过热压成型制备厚1.2 mm TPU片材,并制取75×4哑铃型拉伸试样。在电子万能试验机上以较高的恒定拉伸速率进行拉伸,预先设定应力到某一设定值后停止拉伸,然后应力以一定速度进行减载。实验探索了整个拉伸-回复循环中应力与应变的关系,研究了拉伸速度对医用级TPU拉伸强度及断裂伸长率的影响,并对拉伸过程中出现应力发白现象进行探究。结果表明,TPU是一种强而韧的硬弹性高分子材料,在高应力大形变下由弹性提供的可逆形变约80%,粘性提供的不可逆形变约20%。在高应力下材料内部孔洞尺寸变大,由此引起材料由透明转而发白,此光学现象可反复发生。     

医用级热塑性聚氨酯的流变性能

选用医用级热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为原材料,在旋转流变仪和毛细管流变仪上对TPU进行稳态、动态流变测试。采用Power Law方程进行流变数据拟合,得到200℃时TPU零切黏度为855 Pa·s,非牛顿指数为0.65,松弛时间为0.06 s。利用时温等效原理对动态流变数据进行主曲线滑移拟合,通过阿伦尼乌斯方程求得黏流活化能(ΔE)为137 k J/mol。流变测试结果表明,TPU是一种温敏性较强的材料,准确选择并控制TPU的加工条件十分重要。     

一种含能热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的性能

采用熔融二步法合成了以聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)为软段、以2,2-二叠氮甲基-1,3-丙二醇和二环已基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)为硬段的含能热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(ETPUE),通过红外光谱(FT-IR),差示扫描量热(DSC),动态力学性能测试(DMA)及力学性能测试对材料进行了结构和性能的表征.结果表明,所合成的不同硬...     

铝对自反应原位合成复合陶瓷坯件组织结构及性能的影响

分别以Ti-B₄C-C体系和Ti-B₄C-C-Al体系复合粉为反应原料, 利用自反应喷射成形技术制备Ti(C,N)-TiB₂基复合陶瓷坯件. 利用XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM等方法, 研究分析了向喷射体系中加入5wt%金属Al对喷射沉积坯件组织结构、主要力学性能的影响及其原因. 结果表明, Ti-B4C-C体系的喷射沉积坯件主要由TiC_0.3N_0.7和TiB₂主相及TiO₂副产物相组成, 其致密度、维氏硬度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性等性能分别为97.2%、17.3GPa、387MPa、6.0MPa·m^1/2; 喷射体系中添加5wt%金属Al后, 喷射沉积坯件的主相仍为TiC_0.3N_0.7和TiB₂, 但副产物相中不含有害相TiO₂, 而增加了对复合材料有益的A_l2O₃与Ti₃Al相, 坯件内TiB2颗粒长径比增大, 出现大量长棒状晶, 并使坯件的致密度、维氏硬度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性等性能也分别提高到97.7%、20.6GPa、425MPa、7.3MPa·m^1/2.可见金属Al的添加可有效抑制喷射过程中Ti的氧化, 明显改善喷射沉积坯件的综合力学性能.     

热塑性复合材料自动铺放过程中温度场研究

自动铺放成型技术可以实现热塑性复合材料逐层"原位固结",在加工制造大型零部件、提高生产率、降低制造成本方面具有巨大的潜力。由于温度历程对复合材料构件成型质量有较大影响,本工作通过ANSYS软件模拟热源随铺放头移动、铺放过程中预浸料不断被铺叠到底层预浸料上,获得复合材料铺层的温度场分布情况。同时构建基于WinCC flexible的温度场在线测量系统,对铺层温度进行在线采集和存储。实验结果表明,在铺放成型过程中,每一层预浸料的温度曲线出现多个峰值,且随着热气温度的升高,每层峰值温度逐渐增加,热气温度越高,铺层间峰值温度差越大,热电偶测量结果与仿真结果相差越小。通过对实验结果中的峰值温度与有限元模拟结果进行对比,证明了有限元仿真模型的正确性。研究结果表明,随着铺放速率的加快,每层峰值温度逐渐降低,为满足成型要求,当热风枪出口处热气温度最高为600℃时,最大铺放速率为1.2m/min。     

Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Mat Reinforced Thermoplastic

The use of natural fibres instead of man made fibres, as reinforcements in thermoplastics, gives interesting alternatives for production of low cost and ecologically friendly composites. In this work different commercially available semi-finished natural fibre mat reinforced thermoplastics (NMT) composites have been studied. Mechanical properties and microstructure of different NMT composites were investigated and compared to conventional GMT (glass fibre mat reinforced thermoplastic) composites and pure polypropylene (PP). The study included also NMT composites manufacturing processing parameters as processing temperatures and pressure during compression moulding. The results showed that NMT composites have a high stiffness compared to pure polymer and the NMT with a high fibre content (50% by weight) showed even better stiffness than the GMT. The GMT composites had superior strength and impact properties compared to the NMT which might be due to the relatively low strength of the natural fibres but also to poor adhesion to the PP matrix. The NMT materials showed a large dependence on direction and are therefore believed to have more fibres oriented in one direction. The stronger direction (0°) of the NMT was in some cases as much as 45% better than the 90° direction.     

A Meso–Macro Three Node Finite Element for Draping of Textile Composite Preforms

The composite textile reinforcement draping simulations allows the conditions for a successful process to be determined and, most importantly, the positions of the fibres after forming to be known. This last point is essential for the structural computations of the composite part and for resin injection analyses in the case of LCM processes. Because the textile composite reinforcements are multiscale materials, continuous (macro) approaches and discrete (meso) approaches that model the yarns have been developed. The finite element that is proposed in this paper for textile fabric forming is composed of woven unit cells. The mechanical behaviour of these is analyzed by 3D computations at the mesoscale regarding biaxial tensions and in plane shear. The warp and weft directions of the woven fabric can be in arbitrary direction with respect to the direction of the element side. This is very important in the case of multi-ply deep drawing and when using remeshing. The element is efficient because it is close to the physic of the woven cell while avoiding the very large number of unknowns in the discrete approach. A set of validation tests and forming simulations on single ply and multi-ply are presented and show the efficiency of the approach. In particular the importance of the in-plane shear behaviour is emphasized in the case of a draping on a cube.     

热塑性树脂增韧酚醛树脂基复合材料研究

研究热塑性树脂的含量、端基、分子量对酚醛树脂基复合材料性能的影响，用扫描电镜观察增韧体系的断口形貌，对增韧机理进行了探索。结果表明，以热塑性树脂膜和固化后的酚醛树脂膜形成连续相、酚醛树脂固化球粒为分散相的“网膜-球粒”结构使酚醛树脂基复合材料的韧性提高。     

自动铺放成型热塑性复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

利用差示扫描量热仪结合Avrami方程研究玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料自动铺放成型过程非等温结晶动力学,推导非等温结晶动力学模型,并通过构建冷压辊下方铺层的冷却模型,将结晶动力学模型和传热模型相结合,设定自动铺放成型过程中的冷却条件,探讨冷却速率及冷却时间对基体材料结晶行为的影响,求解出不同冷却速率下的最大铺放速率。研究结果表明:铺层树脂基体的结晶度随冷却速率的增大而依次减小;随着冷却速率的提高,树脂结晶起始温度和结晶完成温度均向低温方向移动,且树脂相对结晶度随温度变化规律接近反S形曲线;自动铺放成型实验件的压缩强度及层间剪切强度随着铺层结晶度的增大基本呈增大趋势,而冲击强度与铺层结晶度的变化趋势完全相反,随着结晶度的增大,材料韧性越差。