Feasibility study of wind farms: A case study for Izmir, Turkey

Wind is one of the world's fastest growing renewable energy sources. The rapid growth in wind power is a result of improvements accomplished in technology. This paper presents the technical and economical feasibility of wind farms. The method is applied to a potential wind farm site located in Izmir, Turkey. The site is considered on technical and economical parameters for the complete plant and its running costs. For technical consideration wind speed, prevailing wind direction, and temperature measurements are performed. For economical consideration, three different scenarios namely, autoproducer, autoproducer group, and independent power producer (IPP) cases, are investigated and compared with respect to net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and pay back period (PBP) criteria. The study indicates the costs of generated energy by wind turbines with different characteristics as a function of the installed capacity. It is concluded that, the larger the installed capacity, the smaller the generating cost per kWh. The generating cost was calculated as low as 2.68 UScent/kWh for the IPP scenario. The profitability analysis also shows that, larger installed capacity with larger rated power wind turbines present higher IRR of the investment. The sensitivity analysis backs up the findings.     

Hydrogeophysical study of the El Qaa Plain,Sinai, Egypt

The paper reports a study of the Quaternary aquifer in the El Qaa Plain using gravity, magnetic and geoelectric surveys. One hundred and twelve gravity and magnetic stations were measured and interpreted. The area is dissected by faults with orientations consistent with the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba and the Nile valley. Groundwater data indicated an E–W flow and an increase in salinity toward the Gulf of Suez. The Piper diagram indicates that the water type of the El Qaa plain is Na–Ca–Cl–SO₄ and the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer 50 m/day. The calculated effective porosity is about 43.1%.     

浙江治岭头矿产勘查案例研究

通过治岭头矿区的勘查过程的回顾,结合在矿区的勘查实践,系统分析和总结了矿区勘查过程,认为矿产勘查是一门不断实践和认识的科学,是一个由面到点、由浅人深、由表及里、去伪存真的实践过程,是一个长期、复杂的过程.需要不断接受新的挑战,发扬不怕困难和曲折的精神,去实践-认识-再实践-再认识.     

Building type study 883: Banner Gateway, Gilbert, Arizona

NBBJ takes an aesthetic cue for the Arizona desert and creates and oasislike hospital prepared to expand with the community.     

Building type study 883: Community Hospital, Monterey, California

HOK adds seamlessly to a 1962 Edward Durell Stone hospital on the Pacific coast, enhancing the original buildings's connection to nature.     

塔吉克斯坦吉劳网脉型钨金矿床地质研究

塔吉克斯坦吉劳钨金矿床作为中亚典型的网脉型钨金矿床实例,文章系统描述了其矿床地质特征,分析了成矿地质条件,从矿床成矿系列角度,对其深入研究并建立综合找矿模型。吉劳含金的夕卡岩型钨矿与含钨的网脉型金矿属于同一成矿系列,是相同成矿作用在不同的时间域和空间域演化的结果。总结矿床发现与开发经验,有助于矿床理论研究与指导"危机"矿山深边部的找矿工作。     

湘中杏枫山金矿床毒砂的矿物学研究

杏枫山金矿位于湘中白马山—龙山—紫云山金矿带的西段,是湘中地区重要的金矿之一。相对于湘中龙山金矿、大新金矿和铲子坪金矿而言,杏枫山金矿研究程度较低。尽管前人已有的研究表明,该区金的品位与含脉密度和毒砂含量呈正相关关系,但目前尚无人对该区毒砂进行任何研究,该区毒砂的特征及毒砂中金的赋存状态目前尚不清楚,这严重制约了选矿过程中金的回收率的提高。文章拟对杏枫山矿区毒砂进行矿物学研究,探讨毒砂中金的赋存状态,揭示毒砂与金的成矿关系,这对推动该矿改进选冶流程,提高金的回收率,具有非常重要的意义。     

The geographic concentration of housing vouchers,Blacks, and poverty over time: a study of Cincinnati,Ohio, USA

Using data from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) concerning Housing Choice Voucher (HCV, formerly called Section 8) recipients, the authors provide a spatial analysis in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. ‘Hot spot’ analysis is utilized to detect areas with significant densities of voucher recipients compared with the surrounding environs. Results show that the implementation of Cincinnati's HCV program between 2000 and 2005 in conjunction with public housing transformation has not led to a greater dispersion of voucher recipients and either poverty or racial deconcentration. Many HCV households remain concentrated in hot spots. The implications for US low-income housing policy are discussed.     

Aerobic transformations of organic matters in sewer wastewater,a case study of Milan,Italy

Today, we know that not only the sewers carry urban wastewater, but also act as chemical and biological reactors, in which both organic and inorganic substances undergo significant transformations. This article describes a study on the western part of the sewer system of the city of Milan. The hydraulic model of the sewer system was coupled with the chemical and dynamic biological model to assess the extent of the degradation of organic matter in the network. The hydraulic and biological models were calibrated with real data obtained at the entrance of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) ‘Milan South’ and assuming standard values of daily per capita loads of COD and BOD₅.     

预应力(KP1)砖墙的抗裂、变形、延性与耗能试验研究

给出了适用于在墙体构造柱中配置竖向钢筋并施加预应力方案、有预应力筋的墙体和普通墙体的周期反复加载对比试验 ,研究了砖墙开裂到破坏的全过程 ,分析了刚度、延性及耗能等问题 .结果表明 ,砖墙在施加预应力后 ,既能较大幅度地提高抗裂度和承载力 ,又能明显地改善变形、延性及耗能能力     

Case study on energy audit in HPCL,Mazgaon Dock Ltd,Mumbai

ABSTRACT

The paper comprises Energy Audit of Mechanical Equipment in HPCL (Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited), Mazgaon Dock, Mumbai. It represents the energy audit of counter-flow-type-induced draft cooling tower and other mechanical equipment. The technical data have been taken from Paharpur cooling tower (series 3800) HPCL, Mazgaon. Lube Plant 1 Cooling towers are generally heat-removal devices for industrial processes as well as for for chemical plants. The present review is aimed at study and research on the cooling tower for increasing the efficiency and power savings to make it more economical and efficient. Using boiler of high efficiency helps in reducing the cost which is an important factor in industries and to reduce the emissions. The direct efficiency method can be used but it does not focus on energy losses so the standard methods are used. But the modified Siegert’s equation is a very common equation for finding out the boiler efficiency.     

Building type study 883: UW Cancer Center, Johnson Creek, Wisconsin

OWP/P designs a rural, high-tech cancer center that nurtures patients with soft-palette interiors, natural light, and an easy flow.     

Phumdi proliferation: a case study of Loktak lake,Manipur

Floating mats are locally known as phumdis. They are a heterogeneous mass of soil, vegetation and organic matter at various stages of decomposition. Phumdis play an important role in the ecological processes and functions of the lake ecosystem. The presence of phumdis is the characteristic feature of the Loktak lake, the largest freshwater wetland located in the north‐eastern part of India about 38 km from Imphal city of Manipur. Phumdis cover nearly 50% of the lake. In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the changes in phumdi area, analyse the factors causing its proliferation and the resultant impacts on the environment. The study is based on remotely sensed data of 1989 and 2002. To examine the factors causing its proliferation, field surveys were conducted and data covered eight villages and 377 households. The results showed that the phumdi area has increased from 1989 to 2002. The main causes for phumdi proliferation were the construction of the Ithai Barrage Dam, increase in athaphum fishing, pollution, growth of settlements on phumdis, etc. It was the human pressure that has aided in the growth of phumdis.     

平面K型圆钢管搭接节点静力性能的试验研究

对平面K型圆钢管搭接节点的静力性能进行了静力单调加载的试验研究。实施了7个内隐蔽部分不焊接节点和3个内隐蔽部分焊接节点的试验。本文介绍了节点试验方案,考察了搭接节点的受力性能和破坏模式,并对内隐蔽部分焊接与否、焊脚尺寸、节点处集中荷载幅值以及腹杆搭接顺序对节点极限承载力的影响进行了讨论。试验研究结果表明,贯通腹杆受压时内隐蔽部分焊接与否虽然对节点的破坏模式和应力分布有一定的影响,但是对节点极限承载力影响较小;当腹杆与弦杆的壁厚相对值变小后,由于传力不均匀导致的腹杆局部破坏将成为主要破坏模式,而这一因素和所导致的承载力降低在既有的规范公式中尚未有相应的反映。     

理性规划的基础--深圳市南山区分区规划中的空间研究

深圳市南山区是深圳特区内罗湖、福田、南山三个重要的分区之一,规划用地近180km2,其独特的城市发展和城市行政管理变迁历程,使城市研究和规划编制工作颇具挑战性.从规划伊始面对的纷繁复杂的城市问题,到其间系统的城市空间研究,直至最终形成清晰的规划共识,笔者深深感到,一个成功的规划编制工作必须建立在对城市发展规律的系统研究和基础上,城市空间研究是城市规划编制工作的基础和重点.     

Metal fractionation study on bed sediments of River Yamuna, India

The pollution of aquatic ecosystem by heavy metals has assumed serious proportions due to their toxicity and accumulative behavior. The toxicity and fate of the water borne metal is dependent on its chemical form and therefore quantification of the different forms of metal is more meaningful than the estimation of its total metal concentrations. In this study fractionation of metal ions on bed sediments of River Yamuna has been studied to determine the eco-toxic potential of metal ions. The investigations suggest that copper have a tendency to remain associated with residual, reducible and carbonate fractions. The Risk Assessment Code reveal that about 30-50% of lead at most of the sites exist in exchangeable fraction while 30-50% of cadmium at almost all the sites is either exchangeable or carbonate bound and therefore comes under the high risk category and can easily enter the food chain. Most of the copper is in immobile fraction at Delhi while at other sites, a sizable portion (10-30%) is found in carbonate fraction thus posing medium risk for the aquatic environment. Fractionation pattern of zinc shows low to medium risk to aquatic environment.     

青海赛什塘铜多金属矿床控矿因素研究

青海赛什塘铜多金属矿床是产于苦海—兴海蛇绿混杂堆积岩带中的夕卡岩型铜矿床,区域构造活动强烈,成矿条件优越。笔者在全面阐述其矿床地质特征的基础上,着重总结归纳了矿床形成的四大控矿因素——侵入岩、构造、地层以及热液演化机制。赛什塘铜多金属矿的成矿地质体是石英闪长岩及石英闪长斑岩,非史密斯地层及赛什塘背斜控制了矿体的形态与产状,赛什塘成矿热液演化作用过程可以分为3个阶段:夕卡岩阶段、退变质—氧化物阶段、硫化物阶段。     

Behavior of channel shear connectors, Part I: Experimental study

In composite beams, shear connectors are commonly used to transfer longitudinal shear forces across the steel-concrete interface. This paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of channel shear connectors embedded in a solid concrete material slab under monotonic and low-cycle fatigue loading. The latter would be applicable to composite structures subjected to seismic events. Of specific interest are the behavior and effects of different concrete materials. A series of push-out specimens made of plain concrete, reinforced concrete (RC), fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) were tested for this evaluation. The results show that the reversed cyclic shear strength of most specimens is 10%-23% lower than their monotonic strength. Also, using the polypropylene fibers (FRC specimens) has a slight effect on the shear strength and load-displacement behavior of the specimens; however, using the polyvinyl alcohol fibers (ECC specimens) causes considerable increase in ultimate strength and ductility of channel shear connectors. Finally, the experimental load capacities are compared with that suggested by North American design codes.     

A comparative study of the mechanical properties,fracture behavior,creep, and shrinkage of chemically based self-consolidating concrete

This study presents the results of an experimental investigation that compares the mechanical properties, fracture behavior, creep, and shrinkage of a chemically-based self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mix with that of a corresponding conventional concrete (CC) mix. The CC and SCC mix designs followed conventional proportioning in terms of aggregate type and content, cement content, air content, water-cementitiuos materials (w/cm) ratio, and workability. Then, using only chemical admixtures, the authors converted the CC mix to an SCC mix with all of the necessary passing, filling, flowability, and stability requirements typically found in SCC. The high fluidity was achieved with a polycarboxylate-based high-range water-reducing admixture, while the enhanced stability was accomplished with an organic, polymer-based viscosity-modifying admixture. The comparison indicated that the SCC and CC mixes had virtually identical tensile splitting strengths, flexural strengths, creep, and shrinkage. However, the SCC mix showed higher compressive strengths and fracture energies than the corresponding CC mix.