采用DGS降低相位噪声和提高输出功率的倒扣集成振荡器

设计了一种新型的缺陷接地结构(DGS)并将之应用到倒扣集成毫米波振荡器中.分析并比较了具有DGS结构和没有DGS结构的两种振荡器性能.测试数据显示具有DGS结构的振荡器与没有DGS结构的振荡器相比,相位噪声降低4～6dB,输出功率增加0.8dBm.研究结果表明DGS结构嵌入到振荡器的谐振电路和输出端时,振荡器的相位噪声降低且输出功率增大.     

一种低相位噪声的毫米波压控振荡器

基于推推振荡器结构设计了一种低相位噪声的毫米波压控振荡器,相比传统采用直接振荡和倍频实现的振荡器,该振荡器具有体积小、相位噪声低及电路简单等优点.振荡器中的谐振电路采用多级串联谐振,电感采用微带线的形式,提高了谐振器的品质因数,进而降低了振荡器的相位噪声,且在谐振电路通过微带耦合方式实现了基频输出.基于GaAs异质结双极晶体管(HBT)工艺对振荡器进行了设计和流片,芯片尺寸为1.8 mm×1.4 mm.在5V工作电压和0～13 V调谐电压条件下,振荡器的输出频率为42.1～46.2 GHz,电流为120 mA,输出功率为1 dBm,1/2次谐波抑制大于15 dB,相位噪声为-60 dBc/Hz@10 kHz、-85 dBc/Hz@100 kHz和-105 dBc/Hz@1 MHz.     

一种改进的CMOS差分LC压控振荡器

介绍了一种改进的LC振荡器设计方法.谐振回路采用非对称电容结构,与常见的振荡器结构相比,经改进后的电路结构可以获得更好的相位噪声.基于0.35μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种采用补偿Colpitts振荡器电路结构实现的差分LC压控振荡器,工作电压为2.5V.经仿真证明,在设计中通过调整非对称电容谐振回路中的电容值,可以获得最优的相位噪声.     

一种改进的CMOS差分LC压控振荡器

介绍了一种改进的LC振荡器设计方法.谐振回路采用非对称电容结构,与常见的振荡器结构相比,经改进后的电路结构可以获得更好的相位噪声.基于0.35μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种采用补偿Colpitts振荡器电路结构实现的差分LC压控振荡器,工作电压为2.5V.经仿真证明,在设计中通过调整非对称电容谐振回路中的电容值,可以获得最优的相位噪声.     

一种高工作频率、低相位噪声的CMOS环形振荡器

采用全开关状态的延时单元和双延时路径两种电路技术设计了一种高工作频率、低相位噪声的环形振荡器。环路级数采用偶数级来获得两路相位相差90°的正交输出时钟,芯片采用台湾TSMC0.18μmCMOS工艺。测试结果表明,振荡器在5GHz的工作频率上,在偏离主频10MHz处相位噪声可达-89.3dB/Hz。采用1.8V电源电压时,电路的功耗为50mW,振荡器核芯面积为60μm×60μm。     

一种采用开关阶跃电容的压控振荡器(下): 电路设计和实现

为了验证阶跃可变电容压控振荡器调谐特性理论分析的正确性,提出了一种采用开关阶跃电容的新型压控振荡器电路,该压控振荡器电路采用0.25μm 1P5M CMOS工艺实现.一种新型开关阶跃电容实现了频率调谐功能,该电容的调谐电容是传统反型MOS管可变电容的146%.在1/f3区域,差分调谐振荡器的相位噪声比单端调谐振荡器低7dB.在载波频率偏差10kHz,100kHz和1MHz处测得差分调谐时的相位噪声分别是-83,-107和-130dBc/Hz,功耗为8.6mW.     

一种采用开关阶跃电容的压控振荡器(下): 电路设计和实现

为了验证阶跃可变电容压控振荡器调谐特性理论分析的正确性,提出了一种采用开关阶跃电容的新型压控振荡器电路,该压控振荡器电路采用0.25μm 1P5M CMOS工艺实现.一种新型开关阶跃电容实现了频率调谐功能,该电容的调谐电容是传统反型MOS管可变电容的146%.在1/f3区域,差分调谐振荡器的相位噪声比单端调谐振荡器低7dB.在载波频率偏差10kHz,100kHz和1MHz处测得差分调谐时的相位噪声分别是-83,-107和-130dBc/Hz,功耗为8.6mW.     

采用两个SC切谐振器的低噪声甚高频晶体控制振荡器

本文叙述一种新颖的双晶体控制甚高频晶体振荡器电路的设计与性能,这种振荡器电路的输出信号单边相位噪声谱远低于常规单晶体振荡器得到的噪声谱。采用多(双)晶体谐振器可使离载波偏 f≤1 kHz 的边带相位噪声电平减小5dB。这种振荡器是对称式的,包含两个低选择性调谐回路(防止振荡在晶体 B 模谐振频率上),因此每个谐振器以相同的方式工作。两个 SC 切晶体谐振器都在高激励电平(5到8毫瓦)上工作,振荡器的两个单独输出信号是通过各自与同型式共基极缓冲放大器相串联的谐振器提取的。当调制频率超过谐振器有载带宽时,由于谐振器的窄带传输响应,使振荡器信号相位噪声被进一步抑制。此外,还因为两个负载电路(缓冲放大器)的附加噪声谱不相关,故在高调制频率(f≥10kHz)上,信号频率在负载电路输出端相加,可使输出信号的边带相位噪声电平减小3dB。用80兆赫样机振荡器进行了验证,测得它的边带相位噪声电平:f=100赫时为-134dB/Hz,f=1kHz 时为-164dB/Hz 和 f≥10kHz时为-181dB/Hz。后来单独对振荡器用谐振器的短期稳定度进行测量,结果表明,在 f=1kHz 以下的振荡器输出信号的边带相位噪声电平是由谐振器不稳定性引起的,而不是维持级晶体管的相位噪声所致。另外,有一种方法,就是采用工作状态相同的两个谐振器,由于所用两个谐振器的机械应力显示出大小相等而方向相反的加速度—频率灵敏度,可使谐振器件的输出信号频率不稳定度减小。     

六毫米波段注入锁定振荡器

本文描述一种六毫米波段注入锁定振荡器.该振荡器由耿管振荡器、环行器、锁相参考源组成,耿管振荡器采用背腔式稳频和谐振帽电路结构,输出端经环行器与高稳定度锁相源连接.注锁振荡器的输出功率大于60mW,振荡频率为46.1GHz,偏离载频10kHz处,单边带(SSB)相位噪声≤-71.7dBc/Hz,杂波≤-40dB.     

一种改进的CMOS差分LC压控振荡器

本文介绍了一种改进LC振荡器设计方法，谐振回路采用非对称电容结构，与常见的振荡器结构相比，经改进的电路结构可以获得更好的相位噪声。本文基于CMOS工艺，设计了一种采用补偿Colpitts振荡器电路结构实现的差分LC压控振荡器，工作电压为2.5v。经仿真证明，通过调整非对称电容谐振回路中的电容值，可以获得最优的相位噪声     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.