加权关联规则挖掘的算法研究

信息时代的到来，产生了大量的数据。在大量的数据背后隐藏着许多重要的信息，如果能把这些信息从数据库中抽取出来，将会创造很多潜在的利润。关联规则的挖掘已被广泛应用在实际生活中。但过去的研究往往认为数据库各个项目的重要程度是相同的，而事实上，用户对项目的看重程度是不同的，因此已有算法挖掘出来的并不一定是我们感兴趣的规则。针对这种情况．提出了加权关联规则。     

无冗余关联规则在财政收支分析中的应用

关联规则反映了大量数据中项目集之间的相关联系,通过关联规则的提取可以对大量的数据进行分析.运用无冗余关联规则的性质对财政收支体系中的重要参数指标进行数据处理和关联规则的挖掘,从而得到最有价值的信息,利用到决策中,具有非常重要的现实意义.     

多数据库中全局负关联规则挖掘研究

全局负关联规则挖掘是多数据库关联信息挖掘的重要研究内容,具有广泛的应用范围和使用价值.合并各子数据库的负关联规则是现有全局负关联规则挖掘常用的方法,但数据密度大、规则不全面及运算时间高等问题影响了已有全局负关联规则挖掘方法的效率.本文给出一种新的全局负关联规则挖掘算法,其具体步骤为:(1)扫描各子数据库,建立多数据库频繁模式树;(2)依据频繁项集全局一致性原则,对多数据库频繁模式树执行精简操作;(3)在此基础上产生全局极小非频繁项集;(4)依据极大频繁项集向上闭包原则,产生全局非频繁项集;(5)在规则相关度的基础上提取全局负关联规则.大量的对比实验结果表明,本文算法具有快速发现全局负关联规则的能力.     

增量更新关联规则挖掘算法研究

数据挖掘是从海量数据库中挖掘有效或重要信息的过程.普通的关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘的一种基本的方法,但随着时间的推移,挖掘数据库的规模会发生不断变化,人们对数据的需求也会有所不同,如何从扩展数据库中高效地对已经推导出的关联规则进行更新,然后再利用更新的关联规则进行数据挖掘,这就是增量式挖掘关联规则的方法.     

基于多最小支持度的空间关联规则发现

空间关联规则挖掘可应用于发现空间数据库中大量空间谓词与非空间谓词之间的特定空间关系。论文针对区县道路交通数据提出了一种基于多最小支持度的空间关联规则挖掘算法,并给出了在GIS中进行空间关联规则挖掘的一般方法和流程。该挖掘算法可以从城市道路地理信息数据库中发现用户感兴趣的空间关联规则,经实际应用于城市道路规划管理系统,证明该算法是有效、可行的。     

基于多最小支持度的空间关联规则发现

空间关联规则挖掘可应用于发现空间数据库中大量空间谓词与非空间谓词之间的特定空间关系。论文针对区县道路交通数据提出了一种基于多最小支持度的空间关联规则挖掘算法,并给出了在GIS中进行空间关联规则挖掘的一般方法和流程。该挖掘算法可以从城市道路地理信息数据库中发现用户感兴趣的空间关联规则,经实际应用于城市道路规划管理系统,证明该算法是有效、可行的。     

关联规则挖掘中的隐私保护研究

数据挖掘中的关联规则反映一个事件和其他事件之间依赖或相互关联的知识.随着大量数据不停地收集和存储积累,人们希望从中发现感兴趣的数据关联关系,从而帮助他们进行决策.随着信息技术的发展,数据挖掘在一些深层次的应用中发挥了积极的作用.但与此同时,也带来隐私保护方面的问题.隐私保护是当前数据挖掘领域中一个十分重要的研究问题,其目标是要在不精确访问真实原始数据的条件下,得到准确的模型和分析结果.为了提高对隐私数据的保护程度和挖掘结果的准确性,提出一种有效的隐私保护关联规则挖掘方法.针对关联规则挖掘中需预先给出最小支持度和最小置信度这一条件,提出了一种简单的事务数据库中事务的处理方法,即隐藏那些包含敏感项目的关联规则的方法,以对相关事务作处理,达到隐藏包含敏感项目的关联规则的目的.理论分析和实验结果均表明,基于事务处理的隐私保护关联规则挖掘方法具有很好的隐私性、简单性和适用性.     

基于事务ID集合的带约束的关联规则挖掘算法

为解决在挖掘关联规则时存在大量冗余规则以及效率不高的问题,提出了一种基于事务ID集合的带约束的关联规则挖掘算法ACARMT.该算法结合了Separate算法以及基于数据垂直分布算法的优势,先根据约束条件产生基础频繁项目集,再利用事务ID集合存储项目集信息,从而避免重复扫描数据库,提高了挖掘效率.应用该算法挖掘实际的生殖健康数据的实验表明,在数据量大到超出基于数据垂直分布算法的使用范围时,该算法仍然有效,并且其效率优于Separate算法.     

基于矩阵的加权关联规则挖掘算法

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘中的一个重要模型。传统的关联规则挖掘算法需要多次扫描数据库,生成大量候选项集,并且把数据库中各个项目按平等一致的方法对待,算法复杂且与实际情况不符。为此提出一种基于矩阵的加权关联规则挖掘算法,它只需扫描一次数据库,不生成候选项目集,可以快速挖掘出频率小但重要性高的项目。     

一种基于BUC的水平加权关联规则挖掘算法

关联规则挖掘可以从大量数据中发现项集间潜在而有趣的相互联系。针对用户对每个项目感兴趣的程度不同,一些学者提出了水平加权关联规则。然而每次生成新候选集后对整个数据库事物的扫描成为算法效率的一大瓶颈。为进一步提高加权关联规则的挖掘效率,在原有的水平加权关联规则算法的基础上,采取了深度优先的策略,提出了一种基于BUC的水平加权关联规则挖掘算法——BUc—MINWAL。改进算法可以大大减少对数据库的扫描范围。实验结果表明,改进的算法有更好的执行效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。