试论风电机组维修策略与故障统计

影响风电机组使用性能的重要因素是风电机组故障率,大型风电机组在我国发展时间不长,人们对于机组零部件、主要系统产生故障的规律和特征还缺少深入研究和经验积累。现分析了风电机组设备维护维修策略,并对机组各类故障进行了统计,以期能为风电机组关键部件的故障诊断和运行状态监测提供理论依据。     

S109FA机组冷态启动后停机过程3X异常波动分析

福建晋江天然气发电有限公司电厂4台机组为美国GE公司生产的S109FA燃气蒸汽联合循环机组,其中汽轮机型号为#158(D10优化型),为三压、一次中间再热、单轴、双缸双排汽、冲动式无抽汽纯凝式机组。由于机组常用于电网调峰,故启动次数较多,经常出现机组振动异常事件。为此,对机组振动异常事件进行了分析对比,提出了运行改进措施,为解决同类型机组的振动异常问题提供了参考。     

锅炉燃烧系统运行优化分析

新能源发电机组的大规模投运,使得火电机组正逐渐从传统的支柱性电源转变为调节性电源,火电机组的生存空间受到了巨大的挑战。为提高火电机组的年利用小时数,减轻机组现有的生存压力,开展机组调峰过程中的燃烧优化成为关键。鉴于此,对机组锅炉燃烧系统精确的运行优化调整进行了更加细致的分析,以期推动机组节能降耗、降本增效、高效运行目标的实现。     

2019年度中国中央空调市场总结报告 第三章 “主流机型市场分析”

正在本报告中,主流机型市场分析还是延续了以往的产品分类,对冷水机组(离心机、风冷螺杆、水冷螺杆、模块机)、冷媒变流量机组(变频多联机、数码涡旋机组)、溴化锂机组、水地源热泵机组(分体式水环热泵机组、整体式水环热泵机组)、单元机组以及末端这6大类产品的整体市场发展进行深入分析。其中,冷媒变流量机组和水地源热泵机组不再对产品进一步细分。冷水机组方面,2019年除了模块机实现了     

风电机组可靠性研究现状与发展趋势

对国内外风电机组失效模式和可靠性研究进展进行分析,对风电机组增速齿轮箱、轴承、发电机、叶片和润滑系统等关键零部件失效模式、失效原因及其检测方法进行归纳总结;分析了风电机组可靠性研究的常用方法和可靠性研究现状,给出了提高风电机组可靠性的研究重点、研究方法和措施。结合工程需求和研究现状,对风电机组可靠性研究趋势进行了分析,提出风电机组智能健康管理技术路线,该技术对降低风场运行维护成本和提高风电机组运行安全性具有重要意义。     

燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组灵活性研究

针对某联合循环机组热电解耦、深度调峰能力差的问题进行分析,基于EBSILON软件建立联合循环机组模型,对比不同运行方式下的供热能力和机组负荷率。结果表明,采用高低压旁路联合供热,可提高机组在供热工况下的调峰能力和低负荷运行的供热能力,实现机组热电解耦。根据机组特性制定了供热运行策略,为机组的热电解耦运行提供了建议。     

富气压缩机故障分析与处理

通过对机组在线监测数据、现场实测数据和机组运行情况综合分析得出机组振动波动的主要原因,为检维修决策提供依据,保障了机组的快速修复。     

天加2008年浙江市场逆势增长

从天加浙江分公司了解到,天加在浙江市场采取了经销的销售模式,凭借产品自身的优良品质和完善的售前、售后服务,其净化空调机组、模块机组、组合式空气处理机组和恒温恒湿机组等产品,都得到了市场的充分肯定。     

1000MW机组启动过程优化探讨

1 000 MW超超临界机组系统复杂,每次启动消耗都很大。现以某厂1 000 MW机组为例,详细分析了影响该机组启动时间的因素,探讨了机组冷态启动方式的优化措施,并对优化前后的效果进行了对比,结果显示,优化机组启动方式在节省厂用电、燃油、燃煤、水、辅汽等方面经济效益显著。     

不平衡及谐波电网条件下双馈风电变流器的改进控制研究

针对双馈风电机组在电网电压不平衡及谐波畸变条件下的故障穿越问题,分析了此类电网故障对机组运行性能的影响,提出了一种双馈机组转子侧、网侧变流器的协同控制方案。通过改进转子侧、网侧变流器的矢量控制算法,抑制了双馈感应电机的电磁转矩波动,降低了机组输出总有功功率的波动,获得了对称、正弦的机组输出电流。仿真结果表明,所述控制方案能够显著改善双馈风电机组在此类电网故障条件下的运行性能,从而提高机组的故障穿越运行能力。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

Review on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens: Methodologies and applications

In recent years, microbial metabolomics, a new field that has attracted wide attention, provides a map of metabolic pathways and clarifies the interaction mechanism between microorganisms and hosts. Many microorganisms are found in the human intestine, oral cavity, vagina, etc. Probiotics could maintain the good health of the host, while pathogens and an imbalance of bacterial flora lead to a series of diseases of the body and mind. Metabolomics is a science for qualitative and quantitative analysis of all metabolites in an organism or biological system, which could provide key information to understand the related metabolic pathways and associated changes. This approach analyzes the final products of cellular regulatory processes, the level of which can be regarded as the ultimate response of the biological system to genetic or environmental changes. Microbial metabolomics has been widely used in different research fields, such as microbial phenotypic classification, mutant screening, metabolic pathways, microbial metabolic engineering, fermentation engineering monitoring and optimization, microbial environmental pollution, and so on. However, there are only a few reviews on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens. This review summarizes the main methodologies, including sample preparation, identification of metabolites, data processing, and analysis. Recent applications in microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens are also described. This paper first summarized the research progress and application of microbial metabolomics from two aspects: probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics and pathogenic bacteria do not exist independently most of the time; hence, these were reviewed in the research field of coexistence of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria, which was subdivided into important microbial research fields closely related to human health, including the human gut, oral cavity, food, and nutrition-related microorganisms. Then, the main problems and trends associated with microbial metabolomics are discussed.     

智能机床发展现状与技术体系框架

智能机床成为机床装备发展的趋势。在介绍国内外智能机床的研究现状的基础上,分析目前智能机床技术研究的三个问题,提出智能机床的狭义和广义定义;给出智能机床的包括人计机的协同性、整体与局部的协调性、智能的恰当性与无止性、自学习及其能力持续提高性、自治与集中的统一性、结构的开放性和可扩展性、制造和加工的绿色性、智能的贯穿性八个智能技术特征;阐述包括以人为中心的人计机动态交互功能、三个基本功能——执行智能功能、准备智能功能、维护智能功能的智能功能特征,以及功能之间的相互关系;建立八个理论与技术的智能机床技术理论框架,包括人计机一体化融合理论与技术、多源信息的感知理论与技术、智能决策理论与技术、智能执行理论与技术、智能维护理论与技术、智能机床综合能力评价理论与技术、智能机床标准化技术、智能机床支撑技术等,形成了智能机床的技术体系框架,同时指出上述内容将随着技术的进步和应用的深入不断充实和丰富。     

Epibiotic microorganisms on copepods and other marine crustaceans

Although the occurrence of microbial (algal, protozoan, bacterial, and fungal) epibionts on marine crustaceans and other invertebrates has been documented repeatedly, the ecological context and significance of these relationships generally are not well understood. Recently, several studies have examined the population and community ecology of algal and protozoan epibionts on freshwater crustaceans. Even so, the study of microbial epibionts in aquatic environments is still in its infancy. In this review, we summarize associations of microalgae, protozoans, and bacteria with marine crustaceans, especially copepods. We note differences and commonalities across epibiont taxa, consider host-epibiont cycling of nutrients, generate hypotheses relevant to the ecology of the host and the epibiont, and suggest future research opportunities. Microsc. Res. Tech. 37:116–135, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Semiautomated methods for cancellous bone histomorphometry using a general-purpose video image analysis system

Semiautomated methods are used to measure elongated, curved and complex branching profiles and isolated perimeter segments in monochrome video images with a general-purpose analysis system. These methods are used to make the major primary measurements of bone histomorphometry. Accuracy and reproducibility of the image acquisition, processing and measurement system is documented by measuring a semicircular standard of known dimensions. Semiautomated applications of the Ar/Le method for measuring areas and perimeters, and calculating lengths and widths of osteoid seams, lengths of mineralization labels and mineral apposition rate, wall width, indirect measurements of eroded, osteoclastic and osteoblastic perimeters without tracing, and measurement of mineralized or total cancellous bone area and perimeter gave values comparable to measurements of the same parameters by tracing or grid counting techniques with equal or better reproducibility and much greater efficiency. Intraindividual variation in measuring multiple bone biopsies was comparable to that reported with current standard methods. Major sources of variability for semiautomated methods were image magnification and selection of profile edges by thresholding, and sources of variability for manual methods are image magnification, numbers of orthogonal intercepts, tracing speed and accuracy of the algorithm used to measure traced pixels. Semiautomated methods are accurate, reproducible and rapid methods suitable for bone histomorphometry.     

Effects of polydatin on the proliferation,migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer

To investigate the effects of polydatin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer, the change of proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of human ovarian cancer cell OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 was detected by using polydatin and up-regulating PI3K. The anticancer activity and mechanism of polydatin in ovarian cancer were analyzed. Polydatin could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910, and inhibit the expression of PI3K protein. After the expression level of PI3K protein was up-regulated, the inhibitory effect of polydatin on the proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 significantly decreased, suggesting that PI3K was the target of polydatin. Therefore, we concluded that polydatin could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of PI3K protein, which provides an experimental basis for polydatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer.     

Micromorphology,pharmacognosy, and bio‐elemental analysis of an important medicinal herb: Verbascum thapsus L.

The present study was conducted on characterization of morpho‐anatomical, phytochemical, and bio‐elemental analysis of root, stem, and leaf of Verbascum thapsus. Morphologically Verbascum is a biennial plant that flowers for a month and a half in mid‐ to late summer. Various organoleptic features of root, leaf, and stem were recorded. Anatomically the T. S of the root, stem, and leaf showed a typical dicot histological differentiation. Leaf possessed anomocytic stomata, crescent shape vascular bundles, and covered with long and stellate type trichomes while, stem contained collateral type of vascular bundles and a well‐developed pith to store phytochemicals responsible for various pharmacological activities. The powder drug study through scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of various types of tissues. Branched, tree like and stellate trichomes in root and leaf help in absorption and reduce loss of water. These anatomical features are responsible for the survival of the plant as biennial. Four macro elements (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and seven microelements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Cd) and their concentrations in ppm were also studied using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed existence of various secondary metabolites, while mucilage and anthraquinones was not detected. The present study helps to understand the taxonomic identification of the plant based on morpho‐anatomical features and throws the attention of the researchers to carry out the work for developing its various formulations, which can ultimately be beneficial for the human beings as well as animals.     

生物轻质高强结构及其在吸能结构中的仿生应用

在长期进化过程中，自然界中的多种动物、植物形成了独特的轻质、高强结构，以此来抵抗外界的复杂冲击载荷，保护自身完整，满足生存需要。生物轻质高强结构的优越性，启发了科研和工程人员采用结构仿生学的方法来对管状和板状两大类吸能结构进行设计优化和改进。对竹子、茎秆/树干、羽轴、骨骼四类管状生物结构和甲虫鞘翅、贝壳、柚子皮、龟壳四类板状生物结构进行综述，阐述了分层、多孔、螺旋、中空等多种结构与轻质高强特性之间的关系。在此基础上，对比和分析了相应的结构元素在单胞管、多胞管、嵌套管、波纹管等管状吸能结构和蜂窝夹芯板、复合材料板、混合结构板等板状吸能机构中起到的作用。进一步对当前仿生吸能领域存在的结构复杂、质量大、缺乏普适性的机理和过渡“桥梁”等问题做出了分析；最后对仿生吸能技术的形式简单化、结构轻量化、理论通用化、“形神兼备”化发展趋势做出展望。     

Localization of sarcoglycan, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin molecules in normal skeletal myofiber: triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy.

In order to investigate the mode of existence of the sarcoglycan complex, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin in the normal skeletal myofiber, we examined the ultrastructural localization and mutual spatial relationship of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, dystrophin, and the individual components of the sarcoglycan complex by using triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy. Each molecule of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycans is located intracellularly or extracellularly near the muscle plasma membrane mostly in accordance with the sarcoglycan antigenic sites against which the antibodies were generated. The association of different two and/or three sarcoglycan molecules out of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycan molecules was frequently observed. Each molecule of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin was ultrastructurally noted along the cell surface of normal skeletal myofibers. Moreover, the close relation of a sarcoglycan molecule with beta-dystroglycan and dystrophin, and the association of nNOS with dystrophin were also confirmed ultrastructurally. Thus, this study demonstrated that the constituting molecules of the sarcoglycan complex, nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin existed in the form of a cluster at the normal muscle plasma membrane. The association of nNOS with dystrophin and its associated glycoproteins may form a macromolecular signaling complex at the muscle plasma membrane.     

Mice embryology: A microscopic overview

In this work, we studied the embryology of mice of 12, 14, and 18 days of gestation by gross observation, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Grossly, the embryos of 12 days were observed in C‐shaped region of the brain, eye pigmentation of the retina, first, second, and third pharyngeal arches gill pit nasal region on the fourth ventricle brain, cervical curvature, heart, liver, limb bud thoracic, spinal cord, tail, umbilical cord, and place of the mesonephric ridge. Microscopically, the liver, cardiovascular system and spinal cord were observed. In the embryo of 14 days, we observed structures that make up the liver and heart. At 18 days of gestation fetuses, it was noted the presence of eyes, mouth, and nose in the cephalic region, chest and pelvic region with the presence of well‐developed limbs, umbilical cord, and placenta. Scanning electron microscopy in 18 days of gestation fetuses evidenced head, eyes closed eyelids, nose, vibrissae, forelimb, heart, lung, kidney, liver, small bowel, diaphragm, and part of the spine. The results obtained in this work describe the internal and external morphology of mice, provided by an integration of techniques and review of the morphological knowledge of the embryonic development of this species, as this animal is of great importance to scientific studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.