基于分块相位一致性的人脸识别算法

针对基于可见光的人脸图像的识别容易受光照和表情变化的影响,人脸的表情变化仅限于局部等问题,以及图像的相位一致性特征不受图像的亮度或对比度影响的特点,提出了一种基于分块相位一致性的人脸识别算法。该算法用log-gabor滤波器对图像进行滤波,利用相位一致性模型提取相位一致性特征图像;对每幅特征图像进行分块主元分析(PCA)处理;融合所有子图像的距离信息,采用最近邻分类器进行分类识别。实验证明该方法具有更好的识别性能。     

改进的互相关虹膜匹配算法

传统的相位互相关匹配算法对降质虹膜图像的识别效果并不理想,针对这一问题提出了一种改进的互相关虹膜匹配算法.该算法通过虹膜分割、归一化和图像增强对虹膜图像进行预处理.进一步研究了频域的高斯滤波器设计以提取虹膜特征的有效频率信息,去除高频噪声的影响.提出了一种新的虹膜匹配准则,这种准则有效地利用了全部的相位信息和部分幅值信息.该算法解决了传统算法中理想低通滤波器产生的振铃效应和仅仅使用图像相位信息的问题.实验结果表明,提出的算法具有更好的识别效果.     

线条增强的建筑物图像抽象画生成

针对建筑物图像线条鲜明、轮廓清晰的特点,提出一种自动化的抽象画生成算法.首先通过双边滤波对原始图像的细节进行简化;然后利用快速的、带有误判控制的图像线段检测算法来获得建筑物的外轮廓和门窗等线条特征,通过该线条特征增强基于流的高斯差滤波器生成线条框架;最后将双边滤波处理结果与线条框架进行融合形成最终的抽象画效果.该算法既去掉了建筑物图像中多余的细节信息,使整个图像更趋抽象,同时又通过边缘信息保持了建筑物自身独有的风格,充分展现出富有艺术家手绘风格的建筑物效果.文中算法简单、易于实现,并通过实验充分证明了其有效性.     

基于亮度分层的快速三边滤波器色调映射算法

三边滤波器是在双边滤波器的基础上引入了梯度信息,能够很好地保留图像细节,但其时间开销较大.为此,提出了一种基于亮度分层的快速三边滤波算法.通过对三边滤波器中的梯度滤波阶段进行加速,把图像按照像素亮度值分成多层,并对每一层计算2幅中间图像,可在中间图像上进行高斯滤波得到梯度滤波的结果.实验结果表明,使用该算法进行高动态范...     

结合区域分割和双边滤波的图像去噪新算法

提出一种结合区域分割和双边滤波的图像高斯噪声抑制新算法。基于像素的双边滤波器在滤波时,由于平滑系数的选择受到噪声的干扰,在图像边缘区域的滤波存在一定的盲目性,导致滤波结果中结构信息不能有效保持。本文在图像分割的基础上利用区域图来指导双边滤波过程,根据区域内的噪声属性和区域间的相似程度来分别计算相应像素间的滤波平滑系数。通过对区域内与区域间进行不同模式的滤波,增强了滤波算法对图像结构的自适应性。实验结果表明,该算法在获得良好去噪效果的同时,能有效保持图像的结构信息。     

红外图像的动态范围压缩和细节增强

红外图像动态范围压缩和细节增强可有效地提高人眼对图像关键细节信息的获取能力,是红外成像的重要研究课题.针对传统双边滤波器不能最优划分细节层和基础层的问题,设计了区域约束双边滤波器,并提出一种基于该滤波器的红外图像动态范围压缩和细节增强方法.首先通过区域约束双边滤波器将原始红外图像分解为基础层和细节层;然后对基础层进行压缩,对细节层进行增强;最后将这2部分重新合成得到结果图像.实验结果表明,文中设计的滤波器可以更合理地划分图像信息,该方法在压缩图像动态范围的同时可有效地增强不同尺度细节,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于改进相位一致性算法的眼底血管分割

为了从眼底图像中分割出具不同形态特征的视网膜血管,提出了基于改进相位一致性算法的眼底血管分割方法。采用二维离散Hilbert变换实现相位一致性算法,利用相位一致性算法在频域提取眼底图像特征并用于视网膜血管分割。采用STARE眼底图像数据库进行实验并以专家手工分割结果为标准,实验结果表明,提出的改进相位一致性算法可较好完成视网膜血管分割,能够有效避免图像亮度和对比度对分割结果的影响。     

结合双边滤波和多帧均值滤波的图像降噪

针对单幅图像空间降噪中存在的问题,提出一种利用同一场景的多帧图像进行噪声抑制的自适应空域滤波方法。首先对每一帧用双边滤波器进行滤波,以在平滑噪声的同时,保护图像边缘;然后对每一像素进行帧间平均值滤波,以利用多幅图像的信息进一步滤除噪声,并减轻双边滤波后的卡通效果。提出的算法在两组多帧图像上进行了测试。实验显示,与单帧双边滤波和简单的多图像平均方法相比,该方法的降噪性能有所提高。     

一种改进的双边滤波算法

双边滤波是一种既可有效降低图像加性噪声又可保持图像边缘细节的滤波技术,它能同时利用邻域内像素点的空间邻近度信息和亮度像似度信息。然而,双边滤波器的2维实现方式和浮点型空间邻近度因子不利于硬件实现,且计算量大。提出了一种改进的双边滤波算法,该算法设计了整数型空间邻近度因子,使用水平和垂直方向上的1维滤波实现方式,并能自适应地设置空间邻近度控制参数的值。实验结果表明,改进的双边滤波算法可获得较好的滤波效果。     

扩展相位拉伸变换的血管造影图像锐化

针对目前传统血管造影图像锐化增强后大量细小血管变得模糊不清或丢失,甚至增强图像中血管周围产生大量背景噪声,提出一种相位拉伸核函数,形成基于扩展相位拉伸变换的血管造影图像增强算法.该算法将"S"型群延迟相位滤波器推广到线性群延迟相位滤波器,并从理论上证明,这种线性相位拉伸的逆变换相位近似于原图的归一化二阶梯度,将高频特征传统的梯度极值表达转换为角度表达,从而更有利于凸显、增强图像中的高频特征.同时,该算法还结合相对总变分理论,将像素的邻域总变分测度与邻域内在变分测度用于增强过程,使算法更好地突出边缘轮廓与结构纹理,抑制细碎杂乱纹理与背景噪声,克服了目前方法存在的不足.利用Matlab软件平台对DeepLesion, OASIS等数据集中的部分图像数据进行实验,与传统相位拉伸变换增强算法、基于相位一致性的血管造影图像锐化算法等进行对照分析,结果表明,增强后图像上细小血管明显清晰,背景噪声得到有效的抑制,平均梯度和信息熵提高均在50%左右,证明了算法的优越性与实用性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.