热处理对Ti44Ni47Nb9合金的组织和MS点的影响

系统研究了热处理对Ti44Ni47Nb9合金热轧棒材的组织和相变温度的影响.结果表明,Ti44Ni47Nb9合金在750～950℃保温30 min淬火后,发生了回复和再结晶,合金由TiNi基体相、沿基体相晶界和亚晶界分布的β-Nb相以及少数(Ti,Nb)4Ni2O氧化物相组成;退火后在基体相晶界和晶内分布的β-Nb相颗粒明显增多,氧化物相的数量也增加;淬火并时效后,β-Nb主要分布在基体相的晶界处,氧化物含量稍有增加.氧化物的存在和β-Nb相的析出使退火或淬火并时效后样品基体相中的Ni/Ti比值增大.慢冷或淬火后时效降低了合金的Ms点,提高了马氏体相变的稳定性.     

合金元素对Ni41Ti44Cu7Zr8合金相变及力学性能的影响

合金元素影响Ni41Ti44Cu7Zr8形状记忆合金的相变马氏体屈服应力,分析表明具有合适原子尺寸并且与Ti原子间具有合适的负混合焓的合金元素,能有效提高Ni41Ti44Cu7Zr8合金的马氏体屈服应力。少量的Fe元素添加能够显著降低该合金的相变温度,1%Fe元素的添加能使合金的相变温度降低约48℃,在室温时表现出超弹性行为;3%Fe元素的添加能使该合金的马氏体相变温度降低88℃以上,室温加载时不表现形状记忆特征。     

Ni含量对激冷贫镍TiNi形状记忆合金薄带相变行为的影

用激冷甩带法制备了Til-xNix(x=45％～49.8％)(原子分数)形状记忆合金(SMA)薄带,用示差扫描量热仪研究了Ni含量对铸态及450℃、500℃退火态TiNi SMA薄带相变行为的影响.结果表明,冷却/加热时,铸态和退火态Ti1-xNix(x=45％～49％)SMA薄带发生A→M/M→A一阶马氏体相变;当Ni含量为49.8％时,铸态和退火态TiNi SMA薄带冷却时发生A→ R→M两阶段相变,加热时发生M→A一阶段相变.随Ni含量增加,TiNi SMA薄带马氏体正、逆相变温度范围先增大后减小,Ni含量为48％时相变温度范围最宽.退火态比铸态TiNi SMA薄带相变温度范围窄.随Ni含量增加,TiNi SMA薄带马氏体正、逆相变温度升高,相变热滞增大.当Ni含量为49％时,SMA薄带的马氏体相变温度达最大值,当Ni含量为49.8％时马氏体相变温度迅速下降.     

Ni55.30Fe17.60Ga27.10磁致形状记忆合金马氏体相变

研究了热处理对Ni55.30Fe17.60Ga27.10磁致形状记忆合金组织和马氏体相变的影响.电弧态合金组织中马氏体板条模糊.在氩气保护,800℃保温4h缓慢冷却条件下热处理后,马氏体板条规整平直.DSC结果表明Ni55.30Fe17.60Ga27.10合金在加热/冷却时发生热弹性马氏体相变.热处理后Ms=43.24℃,Mf=36.72℃,As=46.84℃,Af=51.83℃.相比电弧态,热处理后合金Ms和Mf提高,As和Af降低,相变滞后减小.XRD结果证明热致马氏体为14M马氏体.     

真空感应熔炼用石墨坩埚对Ni47Ti44Nb9形状记忆合金质量的影响

研究了三种不同种类的石墨坩埚进行真空感应熔炼Ni47Ti44Nb9形状记忆合金.一种是低密度的挤压石墨材料,另外两种是不同孔隙度和纯净度的等静压石墨材料,并且用纯Ni,Ti和Nb原材料进行Ni47Ti44Nb9形状记忆合金熔炼.采用低等级、低密度石墨坩埚进行熔炼,合金铸锭的碳含量会升高;选用高密度、高纯净度的石墨坩埚可...     

TiNi形状记忆合金阻尼特性的研究

在变频、变温条件下，对两种热处理方式处理的Ti-50．8Ni(原子分数，％)合金的低频阻尼特性进行了研究，结果表明：中温退火处理的Ti-50．8Ni合金的阻尼性能好于高温固溶时效处理的合金；马氏体相、R相阻尼高于母相阻尼，相变过程(多相共存)出现阻尼峰，远远高于母相、马氏体相阻尼，同时伴随有最小弹性模量峰，即相变时材料出现软化现象；相变时阻尼与频率成反比，频率越高，相变阻尼峰越不明显，频率对弹性模量变化几乎没有影响；相变结束合金的阻尼对温度及频率不敏感；中温退火处理的Ti-50．8Ni合金在降温过程中由于温度和应力的复合作用导致多次相变，出现受频率影响的多个相变阻尼峰。     

添加Co对Ti-Ni形状记忆合金组织和性能的影响

以400和600℃退火态Ti-49.8Ni和Ti-49.8Ni-1.0Co合金为对象,用示差扫描热分析仪、光学显微术、X射线衍射仪和拉伸试验研究了添加Co对退火态Ti-Ni形状记忆合金相变、组织和形状记忆行为的影响。结果表明,400℃退火态Ti-49.8Ni和Ti-49.8Ni-1.0Co合金冷却时皆发生A→R→M(A-母相,R-R相,M-马氏体)两阶段相变;加热时Ti-49.8Ni合金发生M→A一阶段相变,Ti-49.8Ni-1.0Co合金发生M→R→A两阶段相变;600℃退火态Ti-49.8Ni和Ti-49.8Ni-1.0Co合金冷却加热时皆发生一阶段AM相变。400℃退火态Ti-49.8Ni和Ti-49.8Ni-1.0Co合金的组织呈纤维状,塑性较差;600℃退火态合金的组织呈等轴状,塑性良好。Ti-49.8Ni合金室温组成相为马氏体,呈形状记忆效应;Ti-49.8Ni-1.0Co合金的室温组成相为母相B2,呈超弹性特性。退火时间对Ti-Ni合金的组织和性能影响不大,合金的相变温度随退火时间延长缓慢升高。形变温度显著影响Ti-Ni合金的超弹性特性,随形变温度升高合金的超弹性应力增加,超弹性滞回面积减小。     

长时间热退火对Ti-Ni-Cu合金条带马氏体相变行为的影响

采用快速凝固法制备了Ti53.5Ni22.8Cu23.7合金非晶薄带,研究了长时间热退火对合金条带马氏体相变行为的影响.结果表明,经450～500℃保温退火1～10h条带的相变热滞对保温时间不敏感,约为13～15℃,相变热在4～8J/g之间.随着保温时间延长,500℃退火下的条带相变峰值温度移向高温区而450℃退火下则移向低温区.条带在低于晶化温度的400℃保温10h后晶化程度显著提高,体现出明确的马氏体相变,其相变热滞为13.9℃.合金条带在400℃退火10h形成具有织构(001)的TiCu-B11析出物和Ti2Cu型析出物,在450～500℃退火形成Ti2Cu型析出物.长时间退火下的条带相变特征的差异与退火条带的织构、析出物类型及析出物改变合金基体相的化学成分有关.     

Ni47 Ti44 Nb9合金丝氩弧焊接头的显微组织和力学行为

系统研究了Ni47Ti44Nb9宽滞后记忆合金带氩弧焊点丝材的显微组织和力学行为.结果表明,焊后适当温度退火处理可显著改善焊点的显微组织,得到细小、均匀的等轴晶,从而提高了焊点的力学性能,室温下表现出较高的拉伸强度和延伸率.焊后未经退火处理的试样,室温拉伸断口均位于焊缝金属的熔合区内,微观断口存在明显的解理台阶,为典型脆性断裂.退火处理后,断口位于近焊缝处的热影响区内,是韧窝型断口,属塑性断裂.韧窝内镶嵌有(Ti,Nb)2Ni相,该相内部及其与基体交界处存在有明显的微裂纹.带焊点丝材经退火处理后在---60℃下变形,最大弯曲可恢复应变约为5%,表明焊点处仍具有一定的记忆效应.     

真空电阻炉退火温度对电子设备用Ti-51Ni记忆合金相变和形状行为的影响

选择电子设备用Ti-51Ni形状记忆合金作为测试材料,分析不同退火条件下Ti-51Ni合金形成的显微结构、相变特征及其超弹性变化情况。研究结果表明:在退火态Ti-51Ni合金中包含了r相以及马氏体m相。较低退火温度下合金中形成了具有纤维特征组织,较高退火温度下在合金中存在众多的尺寸较小的等轴晶结构。合金中的马氏体组织发生正、逆相变过程的峰值温度先上升后下降,合金中的r相组织发生正、逆相变过程的峰值温度单调下降。为了提高Ti-51Ni合金的力学强度,应在300～400℃范围内对其进行退火处理;如果需要提高Ti-51Ni合金的塑性,需将退火温度设定在500～600℃之间。随着温度继续上升接近马氏体的相变温度时,MR发生快速减小,从而引起逆马氏体相变的过程。当退火温度上升后,残余应发生了先减小后增大的现象。     

Thermodynamic Analysis on Relation Between T0 and σM in a Ti44Ni47Nb9 Shape Memory Alloy

The effect of heat treatment on martensitic transformation behavior has been investigated in Ti44Ni47Nb9 alloy.The relation between transformation temperatures and critical stress of stress induced martensitic transformation is interpreted in terms of thermodynamic theory.It is shown that the decrease in transformation temperature in specimens of slow cooling rate or low temperature aging after solution heat treatment results from the changes of Ni/Ti ratio in the matrix.The increase of critical stress of stress induced martensitic transformation is a consequence of the decrease of transformation temperatures.     

Characteristics of Deformation and Recovery in Shape Memory Alloy

The mechanical behavior and the effect of pre-strain on recovery behavior of Ti50Ni47Fe3 (at. pct) alloy were investigated systematically by tensile and recovered tests accompanied by electrical resistance measurement. Ti50Ni47Fe3 alloy has different deformation behaviors at different temperature ranges, the deformation curves in different temperature range can be classified into four kinds. The start temperature of recovery increases with the increase of pre-strain. There exists an optimal deformation condition, at which the specimen exhibits maximum free recovery strain. With increasing pre-strain the recovery stress increases and reaches the maximum at 8% pre-strain. R-phase to parent transition offered about 0.2% recovery strain. With pre-strain increasing the recovery stress increases and reaches to the maximum at 8% pre-strain. The recovery stress is corresponding with the critical stress of stress-induced martensitic transformation.     

Characteristics of Deformation and Recovery in Ti50Ni47Fe3 Shape Memory Alloy

The mechanical behavior and the effect of pre-strain on recovery behavior of Ti50Ni47Fe3 (at. pct) alloy were investigated systematically by tensile and recovered tests accompanied by electrical resistance measurement. Ti50Ni47Fe2 alloy has different deformation behaviors at different temperature ranges, the deformation curves in different temperature range can be classified into four kinds. The start temperature of recovery increases with the increase of pre-strain.There exists an optimal deformation condition, at which the specimen exhibits maximum free recovery strain. With increasing pre-strain the recovery stress increases and reaches the maximum at 8% pre-strain. R-phase to parent transition offered about 0.2% recovery strain. With pre-strain increasing the recovery stress increases and reaches to the maximum at 8% pre-strain. The recovery stress is corresponding with the critical stress of stress-induced martensitic transformation.     

Mechanical properties of additive laser-welded NiTi alloy

Laser welding would be a suitable joining technique for NiTi shape memory alloy if the mechanical properties of laser weld were improved. With this purpose, effects of additive on mechanical properties of laser-welded NiTi alloy have been experimentally studied. Welding specimens used in this study were 2 mm thick hot-rolled plates with a chemical composition of Ni50.9Ti49.1. (Ni50.9Ti49.1)-Ce2 (at.%) alloy foil or Ni47Ti44Nb9 plate was used as filler metal to add Ce or Nb element into NiTi laser weld metal. Both tensile strength and the toughness of additive-welding specimens were improved significantly compared with non-additive-welding specimen. The mechanical property improvement was attributed to the fine solidification NiTi grains and good grain-linking in weld center. The microstructure control mechanisms of these two additive welds were discussed.     

Precipitation of second phases in aged Ni rich NiTiRe shape memory alloy

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of aging on the structure and precipitation of second phases of Ni₅₂Ti_47·7Re_0·3 shape memory alloys. The alloy was solutionised at 1000°C for 24 h before aging at various temperatures ranging from 300 to 600°C for 3 h. The matrix phase in both solutionised and aged specimens was martensite. Ti₂Ni phase was also present in the microstructure of both solutionised and aged specimens and its volume fraction decreased as the aging temperature increased. Ni₄Ti₃ phase began in appearance by increasing aging temperature to 400°C. Ni₄Ti₃ precipitates had lenticular and non-geometry shapes. Aging at 600°C led to precipitation of Ni₃Ti phase in the microstructure. This precipitated phase formed in white blocky shapes. Ti/Ni ratio increased and/or Ni content decreased in the matrix with increasing in aging temperature.     

Mechanical properties of Nb based multiphase alloy studied by nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy

Abstract

The mechanical properties and deformation behaviours of as cast and heat treated Nb–21Ti–4C–xAl (x: 0, 5, 10 and 15 at-%) alloys are comprehensively investigated using nanoindentation and atomic force microscopy. For the Nb–21Ti–4C alloy, nanoindentation tests are performed for the Nb solid solution (Nbss) matrix, carbide and the interface between them. The results show that the hard carbide, which has a strong bonding with the Nbss matrix, can enhance the alloy before and after heat treatment, and the eutectoid transformation of the large sized carbide after heat treatment leads to less possibility for the forming of cracks on the carbide surface, which in turn improves the toughness. For the Nb–21Ti–4C–(0, 5, 10, 15)Al alloys, the hardness of the Nbss matrix increases significantly with increasing Al fraction for both as cast and heat treated alloys. However, deviations of the elastic modulus are inconspicuous with the Al fraction for the as cast and heat treated alloys.     

Effect of Pre-strain on the Transformation and Recovery Behaviours of a Ti44Ni47Nb9 Shape Memory Alloy

The recovery strain, stress and transformation temperature of different pre-strained specimens of Ti44Ni47Nb9 were investigated by tensile test and electrical resistance measurement. The results indicated that pre-strain increases the reverse martensitic transformation temperature (A ' (s)) and hysteresis (A(s) - M-s). The recovery strain and stress are higher if the specimens are pre-strained between M-s and A(s) temperature than outside this temperature range. There exists an optimal pre-strain value, about 10%, at which the specimen exhibits maximum recovery strain and stress.     

Annealing Effect on Mechanical Properties of Ti51Ni13Pd36 High Temperature Memory Alloy

1. IntroductionIt is well known that among shape memory alloys(SMAs) TiNt alloy is the most useful SMAs becauseof its unique combination of excellellt shape memorycharacteristics and sufficient strength and ductility.In some of practical applications, in which the requirement on high temperature transformation feature isto be met, the TiNt alloys are licited by ajlowingtemperatures not higher than 373 K, at which thethermoelastic martellsitic transformation occtirs. Atpresent, there is a s…