基于轨迹结构的移动对象热点区域发现

针对现有热点区域发现算法难以从轨迹数据集中准确识别活动热点的问题,提出了基于轨迹结构的热点区域发现框架（TS_HS）。TS_HS由候选区域发现（CHSD）算法和热点区域过滤（HSF）算法组成。首先,使用基于网格相对密度的CHSD识别空间上的轨迹密集区域作为候选热点区域;然后,利用HSF根据候选区域中轨迹的活动特征和时间变化特征,筛选出移动对象活动频繁的热点区域。在Geolife数据集上进行的实验表明,与基于全局密度的热门区域发现算法（GD_HR）以及移动轨迹时空热点区域发现算法（SDHSRD）相比,TS_HS能更有效地解决多密度热点区域的识别问题。实验结果表明,TS_HS能够根据轨迹的活动特征准确发现移动对象的活动热点区域。     

空间区域中对象流动模式构建方法研究

随着时空数据获取设备的普及应用,产生了大量反映移动对象活动的位置数据,数据的海量性及分析的复杂性决定了该类数据为典型的大数据。位置数据中的到达和离开可以反映移动对象的流动规律,可以表示为区域的流动模式,本文研究空间区域中移动对象流动模式的构建方法,将区域的流动规律以时间序列进行定量表示,模式可用于指导交通、安全等方面的可预测调度。由于对象流动的随机性,使得构建高预测精度的模式成为一个挑战。提出一种基于层次聚类的流动模式构建模型,模型中通过数据的离散化、序列化、模式训练等步骤实现模式构建;提出偏斜度层次聚类树及异常序列去除方法,可以有效去除局部异常序列及自动聚簇选取,提高了模式的预测精度。利用真实数据集对所提出的模式训练方法进行了充分的实验,验证了所构建的空间区域中的流动模式可以用于表达区域中对象的流动规律,所提出的模式训练方法与现有的训练方法相比具有较高的预测精度。     

基于区域语义的城市移动模式可视分析

针对城市区域语义及移动模式难以提取的问题,提出一种基于区域语义的城市移动模式可视分析方法用于直观地分析人群出行情况.通过提取用户通话特征,使用高斯混合模型区分基站通话模式来发现城市区域的功能性信息;进一步使用层次聚类算法对用户行为进行语义发现,分析区域用户行为规律;区域语义与用户语义结合分析,挖掘人群在区域间的移动模式.案例分析表明,该方法能有效地发现区域功能特征,结合数据能帮助分析人员发现城市间移动模式以及探索用户移动意图,得到用户移动模式和功能区域之间的联系.     

基于多尺度空间划分与路网建模的城市移动轨迹模式挖掘

针对城市移动轨迹模式挖掘问题展开研究, 提出移动全局模式与移动过程模式相结合的挖掘方法, 即通过移动轨迹的起始位置点--终点位置点 (Origin-destination, OD点) 与移动过程序列分别进行移动全局模式与过程模式的发现. 在移动全局模式发现中, 提出了弹性多尺度空间划分方法, 避免了硬性等尺度网格划分对密集区域边缘的破坏, 同时增强了密集区域与稀疏区域的区分能力.在移动过程模式发现中, 提出了基于移动轨迹的路网拓扑关系模型构建方法, 通过路网关键位置点的探测抽取拓扑关系模型.最后基于空间划分集合与路网拓扑模型对原始 移动轨迹数据进行序列数据转换与频繁模式挖掘. 通过深圳市出租车历史 GPS 轨迹数据的实验结果表明, 该方法与现有方法相比在区域划分、数据转换等方面具有更好的性能, 同时挖掘结果语义更为丰富, 可解释性更强.     

基于轨迹时空关联语义和时态熵的移动对象社会角色发现

现有轨迹相似性度量缺乏对时空语义和时间随机性的考虑,不能有效地区分移动对象的社会角色.为解决这一问题,做了如下工作:1)提出了时空关联语义(spatial-temporal associated semantics,STAS)的概念,解释了轨迹的语义相似性规律,即两条轨迹的语义相似性与其在某时段内经过同类型区域的概率正相关;2)提出了时态熵(temporal entropy)的概念,度量了轨迹经过同一类型区域的时间随机性;3)基于STAS和时态熵,给出轨迹语义相似性度量(trajectory semantic similarity,TSS),刻画了轨迹所属移动对象的社会角色的时空特征;4)提出了移动对象社会角色发现算法(social roles discovering algorithm,SRDA),该算法基于TSS实现轨迹聚类,其中一个聚簇代表一种社会角色.真实数据和仿真数据上的实验表明,SRDA在准确率上比现有方法平均提高了18%,同时具有线性时间复杂度,从而验证了算法的有效性和性能.     

基于用户轨迹及基站语义的城市活动模式可视分析

移动运营商搭建的基站能够记录智能终端的活动,蕴涵着用户的移动行为以及基站的语义信息.针对城市中基站语义以及活动模式难以获取的问题,提出一种基于用户轨迹的基站语义及城市活动模式可视分析方法.该方法首先根据终端用户的轨迹构建基站序列,接着采用文本分析中的词嵌入技术对基站语义信息进行提取,对城市中的手机用户进行聚类以发现其移动模式.为了帮助用户对结果进行探索和分析,设计了基于用户轨迹以及基站语义的城市活动模式可视分析系统,能够根据用户的轨迹特征、基站的地域特征、用户访问基站的时空特征,对手机用户的行为以及城市的活动模式进行发现和解释.基于真实数据的实验结果表明,在系统用户的迭代交互中该方法能够帮助系统用户有效地结合基站轨迹及其基站语义信息,对城市居民行为模式以及城市整体的活动模式进行探索.     

时空轨迹序列模式挖掘方法综述

在全球定位、移动通信技术迅速发展的背景下涌现出了海量的时空轨迹数据,这些数据是对移动对象在时空环境下的移动模式和行为特征的真实写照,蕴含了丰富的信息,这些信息对于城市规划、交通管理、服务推荐、位置预测等领域具有重要的应用价值,而时空轨迹数据在这些领域的应用通常需要通过对时空轨迹数据进行序列模式挖掘才能得以实现。时空轨迹序列模式挖掘旨在从时空轨迹数据集中找出频繁出现的序列模式,例如： 位置模式（频繁轨迹、热点区域）、活动周期模式、语义行为模式,从而挖掘时空数据中隐藏的信息。总结近年来时空轨迹序列模式挖掘的研究进展,先介绍时空轨迹序列的数据特点及应用,再描述时空轨迹模式的挖掘过程：从基于时空轨迹序列来挖掘位置模式、周期模式、语义模式这三个方面来介绍该领域的研究情况,最后阐述现有时空轨迹序列模式挖掘方法存在的问题,并展望时空轨迹序列模式挖掘方法未来的发展趋势。     

基于知识库的知识发现的研究

传统的知识发现都是基于数据库进行的,但数据库中存储的数据缺乏语义性,对知识的发现缺乏全面性.将本体和移动代理技术引入知识发现中,首先从数据中获取语义信息并将其与知识一起存储进知识库,然后基于知识库提出了一种的新的知识发现系统,为知识发现提供了一种新的思路和方法.     

OD数据可视分析综述

OD数据是一类提供起点和终点位置、稀疏地描述对象移动轨迹的数据.OD数据可视分析能够发现群体移动模式,挖掘空间异常和隐藏关系,深入探索和分析多种统计属性,是数据可视化、地理空间分析等领域的研究热点.从OD数据的地理空间点对结构出发,阐述经典的OD数据可视化方法和原理,如OD矩阵、OD嵌套地图、OD流图等;然后从空间聚类维度、空间语义维度和时空联合维度对OD数据进行可视分析,探寻其在特征的表达、感知、提取、呈现等方面的应用场景和增强意义;再针对大规模OD数据可视化的视觉混淆问题,梳理OD数据可视分析研究方法中过滤、采样及聚合等视觉简化方法;最后通过OD数据可视分析技术在不同行业领域的应用及具体案例,总结和深入讨论OD数据可视分析中存在的挑战性问题,并展望该领域的发展趋势.     

时间序列数据可视化研究综述

时间序列数据可视化综合了时间序列数据挖掘、数据可视化、计算机图形学、计算机交互技术等学科的理论和方法。从时间和数据两个角度分析了时间序列数据的特征;从用户的角度探讨了时间序列数据可视化的主要任务;综述了时间序列数据可视化从以人为中心到以计算机为中心,再到人机交互方式的发展历程;详细介绍了时间序列数据可视化的5类图表和5类表达方式。最后,对时间序列数据可视化研究进行总结和展望。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.