高氯酸钾晶体防结块技术研究及应用

根据无机盐防结块机理提出采用一种表面活性剂作为工业高氯酸钾防结块剂，设计了筛选表面活性剂试验，提出了表面活性剂在防结块工艺中的添加方法、添加量及分析方法。形成完整、简便、可控、易行的生产工艺。生产出的高氯酸钾产品防结块效果极佳，放置6个月不结块，呈流沙状，产品化学指标符合ZBG2005—87一等品指标。     

氯酸钠晶体防结块技术研究及应用

本文根据无机盐防结块机理提出采用一种表面活性剂作为工业氯酸钠的防结块剂，设计了筛选表面活性剂试验，提出了表面活性剂在氯酸钠防结块工艺中的添加方法、添加量及分析方法。形成完整、简便、可控、 易行的生产工艺。生产出的氯酸钠产品防结块效果极佳，放置六个月不结块，呈流沙状，产品化学指标符合国际GB／T1618－1995优等品指标。     

氯酸钠晶体防结块技术研究及应用

本文根据无机盐防结块机理提出采用一种面活性剂作为工业氯酸的防结块剂,设计了筛选表面活性剂试验,提出了表面活性剂在氯酸钠防治块工艺中的添加方法、添加量及分析方法。形成完整、简便、可控、易行的生产工艺。生产出的氯酸钠产品防结块效果极佳,放置六个月不结块,呈流沙状,产品化学指标符合国际GB/T1618-1995优等品指标。     

硼砂防结块的探讨

硼砂是无机硼系列的重要产品。由于产品自有的特性和受外界条件的影响,储存后容易结块,因此给用户使用带来许多不便。根据无机盐一般的结块机理,选择了在生产工艺中添加表面活性剂作为防止硼砂结块的方法。经过表面活性剂的选择性试验,确定了选取价格低廉,且不影响产品质量的表面活性剂;又经过添加方式试验,确定了在生产工艺中的添加点、添加方法、添加条件,通过在生产中连续、批量的加入防结剂,不但验证了所选择的防结剂,对硼砂所起到的防止结块的效果,同时也验证了此防结剂对生产工艺无影响。添加防结剂后的硼砂,经搪瓷和玻璃行业使用,不但较好地解决了结块给使用带来的不便,而且对其制造工艺无副作用。     

表面活性剂型防结块剂的研究进展

综述了现阶段表面活性剂型防结块剂的特点和种类,不同种表面活性剂以及将不同种表面活性剂复合在防结块剂中的应用,目前防结块剂的防结块机理,防结块剂的性能测试方法及评价,并介绍了表面活性剂型防结块剂近年来在各领域的综合应用,尤其是在化肥中有着广泛的应用。提出了通过加入不同类型的表面活性剂及表面活性剂的复配使用对生活、生产等的方方面面的影响,展望了表面活性剂未来的发展方向。     

新型水溶性复合肥防结块剂的制备及其防结块效果研究

由改性天然多糖和表面活性剂复配制备一种水溶性防结块剂。研究改性天然多糖与表面活性剂的质量配比、改性天然多糖和表面活性剂的总质量分数及防结块剂的用量对防结块效果的影响,并将其防结块效果与高聚物/表面活性剂型防结块剂比较。结果表明:当改性天然多糖与表面活性剂质量比为0.50、w(改性天然多糖+表面活性剂)为20%、防结块剂质量分数为0.3%时,通过加速结块法处理复合肥,可使其防结块率达到87%以上,与高聚物/表面活性剂型防结块剂相差不大,防结块效果较好。     

新型环保复合肥防结块剂的开发和利用

研究开发一种新型复合肥料防结块剂,阐述防结块剂的主要组成[滑石粉填充剂、高强倍数吸水保水剂、表面活性剂A(硬脂酸钠)、表面活性荆B(硬脂酸钙)、表面活性剂C];成本(2 137.5元/t);最佳使用量(3 kg/t肥);使用方法(防结块剂细度达40μm以下,直接用绞龙送入冷却滚筒附着在复混肥表面).防结块性能试验表明效果很好.     

表面活性剂在化肥防结块剂中的应用

介绍了化肥结块的原因和影响结块的主要因素，同时讨论了表面活性剂防结块的机理和各种表面活性剂防结块的效果。首先介绍了各种阴离子表面活性剂对硫酸铵、氯化胺及各种阳离子表面活性剂对粉状尿素、硫酸胺和复合肥料的防结块效果；然后论述了单一和复配表面活性剂对碳酸氢铵的结晶粒度、含水量、含氮量、稳定性及防结块效果的影响。表面活性剂作为化肥防结块剂的应用具有广阔的前景。     

高聚物/表面活性剂型液体防结块剂对高塔复合肥防结块效果的研究

由高聚物和表面活性剂复配制备了一种液体防结块剂。研究了高聚物和表面活性剂的配比、溶液的总固含量对防结块剂质量的影响,以及防结块剂的用量对防结块效果的影响。结果表明：当某高聚物和表面活性剂质量比为0．50、w（固）为25％时,防结块剂黏度适中,溶液（防结块剂）具有较好的稳定性和防结块效果;用在高塔复合肥时,防结块剂用量控制在3‰～4‰,肥料结块率可降低到10％以下,且结块易粉碎。     

磷酸铵结块机理及防结块剂开发

针对磷酸铵(包括一铵和二铵)的防结块技术进行了评述,通过试验考察了多种表面活性剂的防结块效果,发现在加入量小于1%时,这些表面活性剂的防结块效果都不明显。通过试验发现有四种无机盐能有效地防止磷酸铵结块,除了防结块效果明显外,这四种防结块剂具有加入量少,价格便宜的优点,同时因为防结块剂本身对土壤亦是养分,能为植物有效地吸收,因此不会对土壤造成污染,此项防结块技术的应用不但具有很好的经济效益,社会效益亦十分突出。     

An Update on the Use of Co-products from the Milling of Rice in Value-Added Food Products

Because of the large amount of rice produced annually, milled rice co-products, such as rice flour, rice bran, rice bran oil, wax, and rice hulls are plentiful and readily available. These co-products are valuable sources of food ingredients, but they are currently under-utilized. Rice bran and flour contain different levels of protein. When treated with carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, high-protein products can be produced, which are nutritious and used widely in health and baby food formulations. Recently, subcritical water processing has also been studied, in which water is put under high pressure to maintain its liquid state and used as an environmental-friendly media for the recovery of rice bran proteins. Rice flour contains more than 90% rice starch (RS), and functional properties of RS are normally modified to suit the needs for food applications. For example, the addition of small amounts of phosphorylated RS esters or pregelatinized rice flour to frying batters made of rice flour was found to impart superior sensory characteristics and lower the amount of oil-uptake. Reductions in oil uptake of up to 50% were observed with the rice based formulations compared with batters made from traditional wheat ingredients. Treatment of RS with octenylsuccinic anhydride produces modified starch products that are useful as an emulsifying agent for the encapsulation of lipophilic compounds. Similarly, other rice-based products, such as microcrystalline celluloses from rice hulls, edible films formed with rice wax, various components with antioxidant properties, and germinated brown rice flours have also been developed.     

高氮缓释防结块复混肥料生产技术

选用熔融尿液为载体,以石蜡及阴离子表面活性剂烷基苯磺酸盐和阳离子表面活性剂烷基胺盐等混合物为复混肥料防结块剂,添加对尿素水解有抑制作用的尿酶抑制剂氢醌和对土壤中铵离子氧化有抑制作用的硝化抑制剂双氰胺混合物,经特制喷涂设备喷涂包衣生产具有养分缓释、防结块性能好的高氮型、高浓度复混肥料[以总养分45%的30 6 9复混肥料为例,w(N)可达30%]。使用熔融尿液替代机械油为复混肥料防结块剂载体,解决了因使用机械油造成的二次污染;通过氮素缓释剂的使用,氮素利用率提高13%。     

Utilization of rice bran oil to produce an antifoamer

Crude rice bran oil was dewaxed by chilling to 17°C, followed by centrifuging. The wax sludge obtained was 68% free fatty acids and 32% waxes, whereas the oil phase was 65.65% fatty acids and 34.35% glycerides. The dewaxed oil was evaluated as an antifoaming agent for aqueous media and compared to commercial oleic acid. It was thought that dewaxed rice bran oil has an antifoaming power greater than oleic acid, especially when used in small proportions. Dewaxed rice bran oil was also applied to break and control the foam formation in a phosphoric acid production unit.     

米糠精制产品的应用

对米糠综合利用的途径进行了详细论述；并总结厂各种米糠精制产品在日用化工、医药工业、食品工业、精细化工领域的具体用途，包括米糠油的浸提技术，米糠油作为营养保健食品的开发利用，米糠油作为油脂化工原材料的深加工；米糠油精炼皂脚中提取游离脂肪酸及脂肪酸衍生物的制备；米糠脱水、脱臭、脱色的小皂化物提取谷甾醇、生育酚、谷维素的方法；米糠脱蜡副产物制备糠蜡和二十烷醇的利用及米糠饼(粕)提取植酸钙、植酸和肌醇的利用途径，最后提出了大力发展我国米糠产业的市场前景。     

复混肥的包膜及防结块

阐述解决国产复混肥结块的重要性 ,影响结块的因素及防结块的措施。介绍选脂肪胺类阴阳离子混合型表面活性剂的优点和作用机理 ,这类国产防结块剂比进口同类产品价格便宜 ,效果相当     

Simultaneous recovery of wax and oil from rice bran by filtration-extraction

Summary Hard rice waxes of high melting points have been obtained directly from rice bran while simultaneously producing oil. These waxes were produced by the following two methods. 1. selective cold hexane-extraction of cooked rice bran to remove the oil, hot hexane-extraction to remove the wax, chilling of the hot miscella and separation of the precipitated wax by centrifugation; 2. single hot hexane-extraction of raw or cooked rice bran, hot water washing and chilling of the miscella, separation of the wax precipitate by settling or centrifugation, and multiple cold hexane-washings of the wax. Wax can also be processed from rice oil settlings by the latter method after a miscella has been prepared. The cold extraction-hot extraction method should be preferable as a process when conducted on a single continuous filtration-extraction unit without reslurrying. Indications are that oil refining losses may be decreased by this method. Yields of rice wax varied from 0.22 to 0.31% of the original rice bran, or 1.29 to 1.82% of the extracted oil. Presented at the annual fall meeting, American Oil Chemists’ Society, Nov. 2–4, 1953, Chicago, Ill. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.     

Effect of oil unsaturation and wax composition on stability,properties and food applicability of oleogels

Oleogelation is emerging as one of the most exigent oil structuring technique. The main objective of this study was to formulate and characterize rice bran/sunflower wax-based oleogels using eight refined food grade oils such as sunflower oil, mustard oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, groundnut oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, and coconut oil. Stability and properties of these oleogels with respect to oil unsaturation and wax composition were explored. Sunflower wax exhibited excellent gelation ability even at 1%–1.5% (w/v) concentration compared to rice bran wax (8%–10% w/v). As the oleogelator concentration increased, peak melting temperature also increased with increase in strength of oleogels as per rheological studies. X-ray diffraction and morphological studies revealed that oleogel microstructure has major influence of wax composition only. Sunflower wax oleogels unveiled rapid crystal formation with maximum oil binding capacity of 99.46% in highly unsaturated sunflower oil with maximum polyunsaturated fatty acid content. Further, the applicability of this wax based oleogels as solid fat substitute in marketed butter products was also scrutinized. The lowest value of solid fat content (SFC) in oleogel was 0.20% at 25°C, resembling closely with the marketed butter products. With increase in oil unsaturation, oleogels displayed remarkable reduction in SFC. Depending upon prerequisite, oleogel properties can be modulated by tuning wax type and oil unsaturation. In conclusion, this wax-based oleogel can be used as solid fat substitute in food products with extensive applications in other fields too.     

Evaluating the Oil‐Gelling Properties of Natural Waxes in Rice Bran Oil: Rheological,Thermal, and Microstructural Study

The main objective of this research was to enhance the understanding of the oil‐structuring properties of natural waxes. A number of natural food‐grade waxes were evaluated for their oil‐gelling properties using a combination of techniques, including rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, and polarized light microscopy. Based on the rheological measurements (oscillatory, flow, and thixotropic behavior), we found that rice bran wax, carnauba Brazilian wax and fruit wax showed weak gelling behavior in rice bran oil (prepared at concentrations as high as 5 % w/w), exhibiting relative low elastic moduli that displayed a high frequency dependency. On the contrary, carnauba wild wax, berry wax, candelilla wax, beeswax, and sunflower wax were efficient oleogelators forming strong gels at concentration of <2 % w/w. We attempt to explain these observed differences in gelling behavior by crystal morphology, network formation, and the final amount of crystalline phase.     

用固定化脂肪酶Candida sp．99-125由粗米糠油酶法合成脂肪酸甲酯

The non-edible crude rice bran oil was extracted from white rice bran, and then was catalyzed by immobilized lipase for biodiesel production in this study. The effects of water content, oil/methanol molar ratio, temperature, enzyme amount, solvent,number of methanol added times and two-step methanolysis by using Candida sp. 99-125 as catalyst were investigated. The optimal conditions for processing 1 g rice bran oil were: 0.2 g immobilized lipase, 2 ml n-hexane as solvent, 20% water based on the rice bran oil mass, temperature of 40 °C and two-step addition of methanol. As a result, the fatty acid methyl esters yield was 87.4%. The immobilized lipase was proved to be stable when it was used repeatedly for 7 cycles.