多阶灰色支持向量机集成预测模型研究

对灰色预测模型GM(1,1)和支持向量机SVM预测模型进行分析,提出了多阶灰色支持向量机集成预测模型Dm_GM(1,1)-SVM。通过多阶缓冲算子改进灰色预测模型的预测精度,对最终预测值的各个相关指标进行预测;同时,采用粒子群优化算法对支持向量机模型进行径向基核参数和惩罚参数寻优,得到最佳参数对(c,g),从而确定支持向量机的最佳回归模型;最后将各指标预测值作为支持向量机模型的输入,依据预测模型和预测模型的输入值求得预测结果。实验实例表明,多阶灰色支持向量机集成模型和传统的预测模型相比,在本例中预测精度更高,说明多阶灰色预测模型和支持向量机模型相结合在解决实际预测问题中具有实用价值。     

基于改进萤火虫寻优支持向量机的PM2.5预测

针对现有PM2.5浓度预测误差较大的问题,提出一种基于改进萤火虫寻优支持向量机的预测模型（IFA-SVM）.该模型引入邻域搜索和可变步长策略改进萤火虫算法,利用改进FA对SVM的参数C、ε和γ寻优,用最优参数SVM模型预测太原市PM2.5值.其中邻域搜索策略能为参数优化提供更多更精确的候选解;可变步长可动态调整算法搜索步长,加速收敛,平衡FA的全局和局部搜索能力.将IFA-SVM预测值与萤火虫算法-支持向量机（FA-SVM）、遗传算法-支持向量机（GA-SVM）、粒子群算法-支持向量机（PSO-SVM）相比较.结果表明较其他方法,IFA-SVM模型对太原市未来一天和三天的PM2.5值都取得了更精确的预测性能.     

基于机器学习的PM2.5短期浓度动态预报模型

针对目前现有的PM2.5模式预报系统的预报值偏离实际浓度较大的问题,从上海市浦东气象局获得2015年2月至7月的PM2.5实况观测浓度、PM2.5模式预报（WRF-Chem）浓度和5个主要气象因子的模式预报数据资料,联合应用支持向量机（SVM）和粒子群优化（PSO）算法建立滚动预报模型,对PM2.5未来24小时浓度进行预报,同时对未来一天的昼、夜均值及日均值浓度进行预报,并与径向基函数神经网络（RBFNN）、多元线性回归法（MLR）、模式预报（WRF-Chem）作对比。实验结果表明,相比其他预报方法,所提出的SVM模型较大提高了PM2.5未来1小时浓度预报精度,这与此前的研究结论相符;所提模型能对PM2.5未来24小时浓度进行较好的预报,能对未来一天的昼均值、夜均值及日均值进行有效预报,并且对未来12小时的逐时浓度及未来一天的夜均值浓度的预报准确度较高。     

利用支持向量机遥感估算京津冀细颗粒物浓度

针对传统地面监测手段难以获取全面的细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))浓度信息,以2015年3月份京津冀地区PM_(2.5)污染状况为研究对象,将卫星遥感产品气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)作为单变量输入构建支持向量机回归模型,得到的预测值与真实值的R~2为0.525,相对误差为44.6%。鉴于相对湿度(relative humidity,RH)和边界层高度(planetary boundary layer height,PBLH)是PM_(2.5)形成机制的重要影响因素,遂将RH、PBLH与AOD一起作为输入特征构建支持向量机回归模型预测PM2.5,得到的结果 R~2为0.729,相对误差为33.3%。研究结果表明:基于AOD、RH、PBLH为输入特征构建的支持向量机回归模型能够较好地从空间层次预测PM_(2.5)质量浓度。     

基于PSO-SVR的下水道可燃气体分析

针对下水道可燃气体传感器非线性、选择性差和交叉敏感的特点,建立了一种基于粒子群算法(PSO)支持向量回归机(SVR)的下水道可燃气体分析预测模型.该模型通过引入粒子群算法对支持向量回归机的重要参数进行优化,从而实现了支持向量回归机的参数自动判定,用于下水道可燃气体的定量分析.仿真结果表明:基于粒子群的支持向量回归机下水道可燃气体分析预测模型优于SVR模型,具有较好的泛化性能和较高的预测精度.     

支持向量机应用于大气污染物浓度预测

支持向量机是基于统计学习理论的新一代机器学习技术,其非线性回归预测性能优越于传统统计方法。提出了一种大气污染物浓度预测模型,该方法将支持向量机应用于大气污染物浓度预测,首先对各类影响因子进行分析并进行建模预测;而后利用主成分分析的方法对输入因子降维,从而形成支持向量机的训练样本集;在此基础上建立了基于RBF核函数支持向量回归法的大气污染预模型。大气污染预测实例表明,该方法具有泛化能力强、预测精度高、训练速度快、稳定性好、便于建模等优点,有良好的应用前景。     

多元宇宙优化算法优化WLSSVM的网络流量预测

高精度网络流量预测可以帮助管理人员了解网络流量变化态势,提高网络系统的稳定性,为了降低网络流量预测的误差,提出了基于多元宇宙优化算法优化加权最小二乘支持向量机的网络流量预测模型。首先采用网络流量历史数据,将其作为加权最小二乘支持向量机的输入向量,然后利用多元宇宙优化算法对加权最小二乘支持向量机参数寻优,从而得到最优的网络流量预测模型,最后采用具体网络流量预测应用实例对模型性能进行测试与分析,结果表明本模型可以准确描述网络流量的变化规律,预测误差很小,完全能够满足网络管理实际要求,相对于其他预测模型,本模型的网络流量预测精度得到了有效提高。     

支持向量机应用于大气污染物浓度预测

支持向量机是基于统计学习理论的新一代机器学习技术,其非线性回归预测性能优越于传统统计方法。提出了一种大气污染物浓度预测模型,该方法将支持向量机应用于大气污染物浓度预测,首先对各类影响因子进行分析并进行建模预测;而后利用主成分分析的方法对输入因子降维,从而形成支持向量机的训练样本集;在此基础上建立了基于RBF核函数支持向量回归法的大气污染预模型。大气污染预测实例表明,该方法具有泛化能力强、预测精度高、训练速度快、稳定性好、便于建模等优点,有良好的应用前景。     

基于MRMR-PSO的递归模糊神经网络PM2.5预测模型

针对PM2.5浓度预测中存在的特征变量之间关系复杂、信息冗余问题,提出了一种基于互信息最大相关最小冗余(maximum relevance-minimum redundancy,MRMR)准则结合粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)的混合特征选择算法,并采用所设计的递归模糊神经网络(recurrent fuzzy neural network,RFNN)为预测模型实现PM2.5浓度预测。首先根据MRMR准则对变量的互信息进行计算并排序,过滤掉一些相关性小的特征。然后将PSO优化算法与RFNN预测模型结合,以RFNN的预测精度作为PSO的适应度函数在过滤得到的特征中选择出最优特征子集,作为RFNN模型的输入变量。将该方法用于PM2.5浓度预测实验,与3种不同特征选择算法的结果进行对比,基于互信息和PSO混合特征选择方法的RFNN预测模型利用最少的特征获得了最小的预测误差,说明该方法能够有效地用于PM2.5浓度预测。     

改进的支持向量机在心脏病预测中的研究

应用支持向量机对心脏病患者和非心脏病患者的分类进行研究,构建心脏病预测模型,辅助医生进行心脏病诊断.选用径向基核函数构造支持向量机分类器,利用网格搜索与交叉验证相结合的方法对模型进行初步的优化,缩小参数寻优的取值范围,在此基础上使用粒子群优化算法(PSO)对模型进行进一步优化,得到模型最佳的惩罚因子C和核参数g.将优化...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.