自适应分数阶微分的复合双边滤波算法

分数阶微分的图像滤波和增强方法多数通过尝试不同的分数阶得到结果,并以固定分数阶进行纹理细节提取,这种方法对于复杂环境难以鲁棒的增强整幅图像中的纹理细节。为此,我们提出了一种自适应的分数阶微分的复合双边滤波方法。通过分析纹理特性,建立幅值频率非线性联合指数模型自适应选择分数阶微分阶数检测图像纹理细节,有效克服图像中纹理细节的变化;在双边滤波的框架下,引入自适应分数阶微分构建的引导图像,借助细节转移方法,确保在图像去噪的同时保持/增强纹理图像细节。实验结果表明,自适应分数阶微分的复合双边滤波算法在图像滤波、去雾、细节增强等计算机视觉应用方面具有良好的效果。     

一种改进的双边滤波图像去噪算法

双边滤波亮度相似度因子仅受[σr]一个参数的约束,很难准确辨析图像平滑区域及细节丰富区域的纹理信息,不能较好地保留纹理细节信息。基于此,提出一种自适应分数阶微分与双边滤波相结合的图像去噪方法。在双边滤波算法的基础上,通过分析局部纹理特征,计算频率变化梯度和幅值变化特征,建立幅值频率非线性指数模型,自适应地选择每个像素点对应的分数阶阶次[v,]构建分数阶微分掩模算子。实验结果表明,改进的双边滤波算法能够在图像滤波的同时实现纹理细节地保留/增强,获得较好的滤波结果。     

基于自适应分数阶微分的医学图像增强算法

针对图像增强过程中,分数阶微分的阶数往往由经验或大量的实验来选择较优的值,不能实现自适应性,没有充分发挥分数阶微分的优良特性的问题,提出了一种基于图像局部梯度、信息熵和方差等3个与图像纹理相关的参数的自适应分数阶微分图像增强算法,并应用于一些相关的医疗图像中。依据信息熵和平均梯度等纹理分析的定量评定标准,对增强后的图像做了实验比较分析。实验结果表明,相对于所比较的算法,自适应分数阶微分算法能够在增强图像的边界和纹理部分的同时,能保留平滑区域的信息细节,同时获得较好的视觉效果。     

自适应非整数步长的分数阶微分掩模的图像纹理增强算法

图像纹理增强是计算机图形学、计算机视觉和模式识别等领域里的一个重要问题.通过分析分数阶微分原理和纹理图像的特性,提出一种自适应非整数步长的分数阶微分掩模算法,并将其应用于纹理图像增强中.利用图像纹理间的高度自相关性自适应地构建局部不规则的自相关掩模区域,剔除相关性较低的像素并降低噪声干扰;同时,突破传统分数阶微分数值计算采用单位步长的思想,分析不规则掩模区域的臂长特征,自适应地估计非整数步长;最后建立局部线性模型实现对非整数步长处的像素灰度值的准确估计,提高分数阶微分数值解的逼近程度.实验结果表明,该算法能够提高分数阶微分解析值的精确度,有效地增强了图像平滑区域中的复杂纹理细节.     

分数阶微分的婴幼儿脑MR图像增强算法

目的 由于传统的分数阶微分算法本质是提高相邻像素点的灰度差,达到增强对比度的作用,但是同时会放大和产生噪声,这容易使婴幼儿脑MR图像的增强效果有限或过增强。为了解决上述问题,提出一种融合非局部均值信息的自适应分数阶微分的婴幼儿脑MR图像增强算法。方法 用平均梯度和大津算法自适应确定分数阶阶数,融合纹理粗糙度确定初始的分数阶阶数。为了进一步抵制噪声等干扰,利用更大邻域的纹理信息,融入非局部思想确定分数阶微分的阶数。最后用最终的分数阶阶数对图像进行滤波,得到最终的增强图像。结果 实验通过信息熵、平均梯度和空间频率指标统计结果证明本文算法具有优越的图像增强性能。信息熵指标能够高出对比算法0.2%~12%,平均梯度指标能够高出对比算法5%~59%,空间频率指标能够高出对比算法6%~59%。结论 本文算法可以在增强纹理细节及抑制分数阶微分引入噪声方面都取得较好的效果。本文算法也适用于普通的模糊图像,具有良好的应用背景。     

基于自适应投影算法的分数阶全变分去噪模型*

为了在图像去噪的同时较好地保持图像的弱边缘和纹理细节,提出基于自适应投影算法的分数阶全变分模型.该模型使用Grünwald-Letnikov分数阶微分替代全变分正则项中的一阶导数,通过将图像投影在全变分球体上以解决分数阶全变分的优化问题.并根据图像的局部信息将图像分为纹理区域和非纹理区域,从而自适应计算投影方法中的软阈值.理论分析和实验均表明,文中方法在去除噪声的同时可以消除块效应,并且能有效保持图像的弱边缘和纹理细节.     

基于纹理复杂度的自适应分数阶微分算法

图像分数阶微分算子具有较强的纹理细节信息增强能力,但最佳分数阶微分的阶数需要人为指定。为此,分析传统的分数盒维计算方法并对其进行改进,提出一种基于纹理复杂度的自适应分数阶微分算法。选择可以表示纹理细节复杂程度的分数维作为参数,自适应确定微分的阶数。实验结果表明,改进算法提取图像边缘的效果较好。     

基于小波变换的分数阶微分算法在肝脏肿瘤CT图像纹理增强中的应用

图像纹理增强过程中容易丢失平滑区域纹理细节，而分数阶微分增强虽然能够非线性保留平滑区域纹理细节，但对频率分辨率敏感。针对这个问题，提出一种基于小波变换的分数阶微分纹理增强算法，应用于平扫计算机断层扫描（CT）图像的肝脏肿瘤区域的纹理增强。首先，通过小波变换将图像感兴趣区分解成多个子带分量；其次，基于分数阶微分定义构造一个带补偿参数的分数阶微分掩膜；最后，使用该掩膜与每个高频子带分量进行卷积并利用小波逆变换重组图像感兴趣区。实验结果表明，该方法在使用较大分数阶次显著增强肿瘤区域的高频轮廓信息的同时，有效地保留了低频平滑的纹理细节：增强后的肝细胞癌区域与原区域相比，信息熵平均增加36.56%，平均梯度平均增加321.56%，平均绝对差值平均为9.287；增强后的肝血管瘤区域与原区域相比，信息熵平均增加48.77%，平均梯度平均增加511.26%，平均绝对差值平均为14.097。     

基于半高斯梯度算子的尺度自适应纹理滤波

为了解决现有纹理平滑方法不能在抑制纹理的同时保持细窄结构的问题,提出一种基于半高斯梯度算子的尺度自适应纹理滤波算法.首先提出一种具有结构保持和纹理抑制效果的半高斯梯度算子,其幅值能够较好地区分结构和纹理,方向能够较好地反映结构法向;然后基于半高斯梯度的幅值为每个像素估计最优的滤波尺度,并借助高斯滤波得到一幅大部分纹理得到抑制的引导图像;最后在双边滤波的基础上引入基于半高斯梯度方向的滤波方向核,提出一种基于引导图像的三边纹理滤波算法,能够有效地避免图像平滑结果中存在的结构附近毛刺残留现象.大量实验结果证明,该算法可以在抑制纹理的同时保持结构的完整性,尤其是在保持细窄结构以及结构周围的整洁等方面超越了已有的方法.     

基于分数阶微分差与高斯曲率滤波的边缘检测算法

应用梯度变化检测遥感图像纹理边缘信息时存在过检、漏检、错检和弱抗噪性等问题。为此,结合分数阶微分差和高斯曲率滤波,提出一种边缘检测算法。通过分数阶微分差运算对全色遥感图像的梯度场进行非线性增强,利用高斯曲率滤波平滑图像非线性扩散部分,并寻找正则化能量最速下降点,优化微分过程中的分数阶次和迭代次数,改善有噪图像的边缘信息提取质量。实验结果表明,该算法可抑制遥感图像纹理边缘提取过程中噪声非线性放大和扩散产生的背景伪噪声,保留图像纹理边缘信息,具有较好的图像增强和边缘检测效果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.