Bulk WC-Al2O3 composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

WC and WC-Al₂O₃ materials without metallic binder addition were densified by spark plasma sintering in the range of 1800-1900 °C. The densification behavior, phase constitution, microstructure and mechanical properties of pure WC and WC-Al₂O₃ composite were investigated. The addition of Al₂O₃ facilitates sintering and increases the fracture toughness of the composites to a certain extent. An interesting phenomenon is found that a proper content of Al₂O₃ additive helps to limit the formation of W₂C phase in sintered WC materials. The pure WC specimen possesses a hardness (HV₁₀) of 25.71 GPa, fracture toughness of 4.54 MPa·m^1/2, and transverse fracture strength of 862 MPa, while those of WC-6.8 vol.% Al₂O₃ composites are 24.48 GPa, 6.01 MPa·m^1/2, and 1245 MPa respectively. The higher fracture toughness and transverse fracture strength of WC-6.8 vol.% Al₂O₃ are thought to result from the reduction of W₂C phase, the crack-bridging by Al₂O₃ particles and the local change in fracture mode from intergranular to transgranular.     

Strengthening and toughening forming of Al/Al_2O_3 composite in pseudo-semi-solid state

A new technology thixo-die-forging of the composite in pseudo-semi-solid state was proposed based on the powder metallurgy technology combing with semi-solid metal process,and the cup shells with Al/Al2O3 composite was prepared successfully.The metallographic analysis and performance test show that the microstructure of parts is dense and mechanical properties are excellent with the volume fraction of Al is 37%.The bend strength and fracture toughness of the composite are about 570-690 MPa and 8.5-16.8 MPa·...     

Ti3AlC2掺杂SPS法制备Ti2AlC/TiAl复合材料的研究

通过2TiC-Ti-1.2Al体系的原位热压反应制备了Ti₃AlC₂陶瓷,然后以59.2Ti-30.8Al-10Ti₃AlC₂(wt%)为反应体系,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备出Ti₂AlC/TiAl基复合材料。借助XRD、SEM分析了产物的相组成和微观结构,并测量了其室温力学性能。结果表明：原位热压烧结产物由Ti₃AlC₂和TiC相组成,Ti₃AlC₂呈典型的层状结构,TiC颗粒分布在其间。SPS法制备的Ti₂AlC/TiAl基复合材料主要由TiAl、Ti₃Al和Ti₂AlC相组成,Ti₂AlC增强相主要分布于基体晶界处,表现为晶界/晶内强化作用。力学性能测试表明：Ti₂AlC/TiAl基复合材料的密度、维氏硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度分别为3.85 g/cm₃、5.37 GPa、7.17 MPa?m_1/2和494.85 MPa。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laminated ZrB2-SiC ceramics with ZrO2 interface layers

Laminated ZrB₂-SiC ceramics with ZrO₂ interface layers were successfully prepared by tape casting, laminating and hot pressing. The flexural strength and fracture toughness are 561 ± 20 MPa and 14.4 ± 0.3 MPa m^1/2 for parallel direction, and 432 ± 18 MPa and 5.8 ± 0.3 MPa m^1/2 for perpendicular direction. The fracture toughness for parallel direction is improved significantly compared to monolithic ZrB₂-SiC ceramics. The toughening mechanism was attributed to the deflection and branch of the crack and the new microcracks, which would increase the propagation path and fracture work.     

Al0.5Nb1.5TiV2Zr0.5 难熔高熵合金组织和力学性能

采用真空电弧熔炼制备了Al_0.5Nb_1.5TiV₂Zr_0.5高熵合金,并研究了其微观组织、密度及力学性能。结果表明,Al_0.5Nb_1.5TiV₂Zr_0.5合金由为90.6%(体积分数)的体心立方相和9.4%(体积分数)的C14-Laves第二相组成。合金基体相富含Ti和V,第二相富含Al和Zr。合金的密度为6284 kg/m3,维氏硬度为5197.9 MPa。合金的屈服强度随温度升高而降低,由室温下1082.9 MPa降低到1073 K下的645.0MPa。压缩应变由室温下的27.20%降低到873 K下的14.94%,这与合金中原子间的相互作用力随温度升高而降低有关。在1073 K时合金应变超过50%,表现出良好的塑性而未发生断裂。压缩测试结果表明,合金韧脆转变温度在873～1073 K之间。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrB2–Nb composite

The high relative density of the ZrB₂-based composite toughened by 25 vol.%Nb (ZN) was hot-pressed at reduced temperatures with low pressure of 30 MPa. Compared with the toughness of 2.3–3.5 MPa m^1/2 and strength of 350 MPa of the monolithic ZrB₂, the toughness and strength of the ZN composite were improved to 6.7 MPa m^1/2 and 773 MPa, respectively, due to the addition of ductile Nb. The toughening mechanisms are crack deflection and branching as well as stress relaxation near the crack tip. Furthermore, the densification mechanism was analyzed and discussed. The results here pointed to a potential method for improving fracture toughness and strength of ZrB₂-based ceramics.     

Influences of annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-La2O3

Influences of annealing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-La₂O₃ were investigated. Effects of annealing temperature on tensile properties, fracture toughness, and microhardness are discussed. Microstructure and fracture morphology of Mo alloys are observed by optical microscope, SEM, and TEM. The results indicate that grain size increased while tensile strength, fracture toughness, and microhardness decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Larger La₂O₃ particles are located at grain boundaries or sub-boundaries, while the majority of smaller La₂O₃ particles are located within the grain. The strengthening effect is quantitatively assessed, which yielded a predicted yield strength in good agreement with measurements.     

Densification and mechanical properties of fine-grained Al2O3-ZrO2 composites consolidated by spark plasma sintering

Alumina matrix composites containing 5 and 10 wt% of ZrO₂ were sintered under 100 MPa pressure by spark plasma sintering process. Alumina powder with an average particle size of 600 nm and yttria-stabilized zirconia with 16 at% of Y₂O₃ and with a particle size of 40 nm were used as starting materials. The influence of ZrO₂ content and sintering temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. All samples could be fully densified at a temperature lower than 1400 °C. The microstructure analysis indicated that the alumina grains had no significant growth (alumina size controlled in submicron level 0.66-0.79 μm), indicating that the zirconia particles provided a hindering effect on the grain growth of alumina. Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of composites increased with increasing ZrO₂ content, and the samples containing 10 wt% of ZrO₂ had the highest Vickers hardness of 18 GPa (5 kg load) and fracture toughness of 5.1 MPa m^1/2.     

保温时间对瞬时液相扩散连接的Ti3Al /Ti2AlNb接头微观结构及力学性能的影响

采用Ni-Ti复合箔片作为中间层,在990 ℃、低连接压力（0.1 MPa）下,通过瞬时液相（TLP）扩散连接制备了Ti₃Al/Ti₂AlNb异种合金接头。分析了保温时间（10~90 min）对Ti₃Al/Ti₂AlNb接头微观结构及力学性能的影响,并研究了TLP扩散连接接头的界面演变和形成机制。结果表明,Ti₃Al/Ti₂AlNb接头具有典型的“Ti₃Al | Al_0.5Nb_0.5Ti₃ | 残余 Ni | NiTi | NiTi₂ | 残余 Ti | Al_0.5Nb_0.5Ti₃ | Ti₂AlNb”多层梯度结构。随着保温时间的延长,接头的抗剪切强度先增大后减小,当保温时间达到60 min时,Ti₃Al/Ti₂AlNb接头的抗剪切强度最大,达到167±12 MPa。另外,接头的断裂主要发生在Ti₂AlNb/Ti附近的NiTi₂层,并向Ti层延伸,呈现出脆性断裂的特征。     

La2O3含量对搅拌摩擦加工制备Ni /Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工方法在Al基体中添加不同La₂O₃含量的混合粉末(Ni+La₂O₃),制备 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料。采用SEM、EDS、 EPMA及XRD对复合区微观结构及相组成进行分析,采用室温拉伸试验对 (Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,随着La₂O₃含量的增加,(Ni+La₂O₃)/Al复合材料的组织和性能先变好后变差。当La₂O₃添加量达到5%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒分布均匀、颗粒数量最多,块状的Ni粉团聚减少,其抗拉强度达到最大值215MPa,相比Ni/Al复合材料(抗拉强度176MPa),其抗拉强度提高了22%;当La₂O₃的添加量为7%时,复合材料中Al₃Ni增强颗粒含量减少,块状Ni粉团聚重新出现,抗拉强度下降至201MPa。     

BN/Al2O3 复合粉末及其聚合物基复合材料的制备与导热性能

采用固-液相共混法制备了多种BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,通过冻融法和表面修饰法对BN进行了改性处理,改变表面修饰剂类型和摩尔比得到了前驱体和烧结态BN/Al₂O₃复合粉末,并利用机械混合法制备了聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料,并测试分析了其导热性能。结果表明,经冻融处理的BN分散性和界面相容性明显优于未经冻融处理的BN。多巴胺对BN的改性效果优于聚乙二醇。采用多巴胺作为表面修饰剂且BN与Al(NO₃)₃的摩尔比为1:1时,能够得到纳米Al₂O₃均匀包覆的微米BN粉末,即BN/Al₂O₃微纳复合粉末,其聚合物基复合材料的导热系数可达0.62 W·m^-1·K^-1,是纯聚合物导热系数的3倍,是采用纯微米BN粉末制备的聚合物基复合材料导热系数的1.5倍。在BN表面附着的Al₂O₃可以形成层状热传导通道,能够有效提高聚合物基BN/Al₂O₃复合材料的热导率。     

Fe_3Al与18-8钢钨极氩弧焊接头的裂纹及断裂分析

采用填丝钨极氩弧焊(TIG)对Fe3Al与18-8钢进行焊接,用扫描电镜和电子探针分析Fe3Al/18-8钢接头的微观裂纹及断口特征,用透射电镜分析接头区的位错形态.结果表明,Fe3Al/18-8钢接头裂纹起源于Fe3Al侧熔合区,断口形态以穿晶解理断裂为主,解理面上分布着由解理台阶组成的河流花样.焊缝区的断口由部分剪切韧窝构成,焊缝区的韧性优于熔合区.Fe3Al侧熔合区分布有不同密度的位错,是Fe3Al/18-8钢接头潜在裂纹源.微裂纹在应力作用下向Fe3Al热影响区扩展,与主裂纹汇合后,发生剪切断裂.     

Pulsed electric current sintered Fe3Al bonded WC composites

WC based composites with 5, 10 and 20 vol.% Fe₃Al binder were consolidated via pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) in the solid state for 4 min at 1200 °C under a pressure of 90 MPa. Microstructural analysis revealed a homogeneous Fe₃Al binder distribution, ultrafine WC grains and dispersed Al₂O₃ particle clusters. The WC-5 vol.% Fe₃Al composite combines an excellent Vickers hardness of 25.6 GPa with very high Young’s modulus of 693 GPa, a fracture toughness of 7.6 MPa m^1/2 and flexural strength of 1000 MPa. With increasing Fe₃Al binder content, the hardness and stiffness decreased linearly to 19.9 and 539 GPa, respectively with increasing binder content up to 20 vol.%, while the fracture toughness and flexural strength were hardly influenced by the binder content. Compared to WC–Co cemented carbides processed under exactly the same conditions, the WC–Fe₃Al composites exhibit a substantially higher hardness and Young’s modulus.     

Examination of wire electrical discharge machining of Al2O3p/6061Al composites

Alumina particle reinforced 6061 aluminum matrix composites (Al₂O₃p/6061Al) have excellent physical and chemical properties than those of a traditional metal; however, their poor machinability lead to worse surface quality and serious cutting tool wear. In this study, wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is adopted in machining Al₂O₃p/6061Al composite. In the experiments, machining parameters of pulse-on time were changed to explore their effects on machining performance, including the cutting speed, the width of slit and surface roughness. Moreover, the wire electrode is easily broken during the machining Al₂O₃p/6061Al composite, so this work comprehensively investigates into the locations of the broken wire and the reason of wire breaking.The experimental results indicate that the cutting speed (material removal rate), the surface roughness and the width of the slit of cutting test material significantly depend on volume fraction of reinforcement (Al₂O₃ particles). Furthermore, bands on the machined surface for cutting 20 vol.% Al₂O₃p/6061Al composite are easily formed, basically due to some embedded reinforcing Al₂O₃ particles on the surface of 6061 aluminum matrix, interrupt the machining process. Test results reveal that in machining Al₂O₃p/6061Al composites a very low wire tension, a high flushing rate and a high wire speed are required to prevent wire breakage; an appropriate servo voltage, a short pulse-on time, and a short pulse-off time, which are normally associated with a high cutting speed, have little effect on the surface roughness.     

玻璃Cr2O3陶瓷涂层表面液态重金属润湿角的测量与表征

金属材料的腐蚀性能与其表面润湿特性有着密切的关系。采用亚音速火焰喷涂技术制备了玻璃-Cr2O3陶瓷涂层,设计了一套运行在高温环境中且密封的专用试验平台,研究经过不同保温时间后,重金属在45钢与喷有玻璃-Cr2O3陶瓷涂层的45钢表面的润湿角及相关现象的变化。结果表明:相同质量的重金属液滴在45钢表面的润湿角为18°,在玻璃-Cr2O3陶瓷涂层表面的润湿角为114°,玻璃-Cr2O3陶瓷涂层抗液态重金属润湿性能较好。固化后重金属颗粒与试样之间的接触面积及剪切强度均有所不同,304不锈钢与颗粒剪切强度为1.42MPa,而涂层与颗粒剪切强度为0.21MPa。     

Effects of CeO2 additive on the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ TiB2/Al composite

In this paper, CeO₂ was investigated as an additive for in situ preparation of TiB₂/Al composite using an exothermic reaction process via K₂TiF₆ and KBF₄ salts. Experimental results indicated that when 0.5 wt.% CeO₂ additive was added, the dispersion of TiB₂ particles was improved significantly. Meanwhile, α-Al matrix grain was further refined. Compared with the composite without CeO₂, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus and tensile elongation increased by 8%, 7%, 26% and 14%, respectively in as-cast condition, and the tensile fracture behavior of the composite with CeO₂ belonged to a typical ductile fracture with microvoid coalescence.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.     

添加W对ZrB2-SiC复合材料的微观组织、力学性能和氧化行为的影响

通过放电等离子烧结技术制备了添加不同W含量(1%,3%和5%,体积分数,下同)的ZrB₂-SiC复合材料,研究了烧结过程中复合材料的致密化行为,分析了添加W对复合材料微观组织演化、相组成、力学性能和氧化行为的影响。结果表明：W的添加使复合材料的微观组织表现出核壳结构,以ZrB₂晶粒为核,原位形成的(Zr, W)B₂固溶体为壳,有效地促进了复合材料的致密化和晶粒细化。对比不含W的复合材料,含W复合材料的维氏硬度、抗弯曲强度和断裂韧性显著提高,W添加含量在3%时力学性能最优,复合材料表现出最佳的硬度、强度和韧性。随着W添加量从0%增加到5%,复合材料的氧化增重和氧化层厚度逐渐减小。当W添加量为5%时,复合材料的SiC贫化层消失。最后,详细说明了W的添加对复合材料性能的影响机制。     

MoSi_2含量对MoSi_2/Al_2O_3复合涂层介电与力学性能的影响(英文)

通过喷雾干燥法制备MoSi2包覆Al2O3的壳核结构混合粉,利用该混合粉以等离子喷涂技术制备MoSi2/Al2O3复合涂层材料。研究MoSi2/Al2O3质量比涂层材料的力学和介电性能的影响。结果表明:随着MoSi2含量从0增加到45%,复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别从198MPa和3.05MPa·m1/2增加到324MPa和4.82MPa·m1/2,随后又降到310MPa和4.67MPa·m1/2。在8.2-12.4GHz微波频率波段内,随着MoSi2含量的增加,复合材料的介电损耗增加,而介电常数的实部却呈减小趋势。这主要是由于MoSi2颗粒熔化后的凝聚及导电网络结构的形成导致电导率的增加引起的。     

超细晶粒钢低热输入CO2气体保护焊接头行为分析

研究了400 MPa级超细晶粒钢基于表面张力过渡、CO2气体保护焊、特殊窄间隙坡口、不同热输入条件下的焊接接头的成形与力学行为.结果表明,热输入在3～4 kJ/cm范围时可获得熔合良好、单面焊双面成形、热影响区极窄(1 mm左右)的焊接接头.该接头的硬度、抗拉强度高于母材,未见热影响区脆化与软化现象;弯曲塑性合格;焊接热影响区平均冲击韧性高于母材约60%.焊接热影响区冲击韧性高于母材的原因与粒状珠光体组织生成、多相非平衡组织共存和更高的屈服应力有关.