10 GHz再生锁模光纤激光器获得光纤超连续谱的研究

报道了利用10GHz再生锁模光纤环形激光器（RML-FRL）获得波长在1528～1563nm连续可调、脉宽为4．6～5．8ps的短脉冲输出作为高稳定的光纤超连续（SC）谱泵浦源。对RML-FRL输出的脉冲直接放大泵浦4．5km色散位移光纤（DSF）,得到20dB带宽46．08nm的SC谱输出,经阵列波导光栅（AWG）谱切片后,得到间隔100GHz、中心波长符合ITUT标准的30信道输出,脉宽在6．5～7．8ps,示波器显示任意信道的抖动均值小于1．4ps。     

Correlated and uncorrelated timing jitter in gain-switched laserdiodes

The author describes correlated and uncorrelated timing jitter of gain-switched pulses generated from sinusoidally modulated laser diodes measured from photocurrent power spectra. It is found that if dc bias is decreased to obtain shorter pulses, then the root-mean-square (rms) value of uncorrelated timing jitter drastically increases to more than 2 ps, while correlated jitter remains constant at the drive circuit level of ~0.2 ps. By optimizing the bias condition and compression fiber length, total timing jitter of gain-switched pulses can be reduced to as low as ~0.5 ps, as their pulse width is kept less than 10 ps     

10 GHz超低抖动光短脉冲源

报道了一种新型的重复频率为10 GHz,脉宽为5.3 ps,抖动为184 fs的高稳定光短脉冲源.将大信号调制半导体激光器产生的10 GHz光脉冲,先送入LiNbO3电光相位调制器增强负啁啾,并使光谱进一步展宽,再通过色散补偿光纤(DCF)压缩脉冲啁啾,可得到光短脉冲.由于大信号调制激光器输出的光脉冲本身具有负啁啾,而通过相位调制器的光脉冲在不同的时间间隔内既有正啁啾也有负啁啾,通过适当调整进入相位调制器的光脉冲时延,使其通过相位调制器后累加产生更大的负啁啾,再利用正色散光纤压缩啁啾,从而得到低抖动且无基座的光短脉冲.     

采用混码器降低码型效应的全光时钟提取技术的研究

为减少全光时钟提取中的码型效应,设计了混码器对注入数据脉冲进行预处理。理论分析表明,在时域上,混码器可以改变注入数据信号脉冲幅度的概率分布,减少零码;在频域上,混码器可以减少连续谱分量。实验证明混码器能使注入数据信号的脉冲幅度集中于最大值的二分之一处,并减少零码。理论计算和实验同时证明,使用路数更多的混码器,或将几个混码器级联使用,提取的时钟能得到更大的改善。实验中使用基于半导体光放大器（SOA）的注入锁模光纤激光器进行40GHz全光时钟提取,由码型效应导致的时钟信号的幅度波动和定时抖动得到了明品的抑制．使用混码器后提取的时钟信号的定时抖动均方根（Jitter RMS）小于2．4ps。     

Generation of low jitter and discrete tunable dual-wavelength optical pulses at arbitrary repetition rates

Recently there is an increasing interest in generatingshort optical pulses with lowti ming jitter and tuneablemulti-wavelength due toitsi mportant applicationin op-tical ti me division multiplexed(OTDM),wavelength di-vision multiplexed(WDM)systems,and opt…     

GS-DFB半导体激光器的光自注入技术

报道了一种光脉冲自注入的新方法 ,它能使增益开关 DFB激光器输出光脉冲的时间抖动从 5.7ps减小到 1.2 ps,分析了注入光延迟时间及功率对时间抖动的影响 ,指出为取得抑制时间抖动的最佳效果 ,必须选择合适的反馈光脉冲延迟时间和适当的反馈光功率。实验中观察到在增益开关 DFB激光器光脉冲建立期间注入反馈光时 ,输出光脉冲会发生严重畸变。     

Optical signal generation at millimeter-wave repetition rates usingsemiconductor lasers with pulsed subharmonic optical injection

A new technique is presented and investigated systematically which generates optical signals at millimeter-wave repetition rates from a semiconductor laser, without the need for an intracavity saturable absorber. Optical pulses are generated from a long-cavity semiconductor laser with a repetition rate equal to its cavity resonant frequency by injecting short optical pulses at one of the cavity resonance subharmonics. A rate-equation model is proposed to explain the mechanism of this subharmonic optical injection method. Optical pulses with repetition rates of 35 and 56 GHz are generated using the proposed scheme from a semiconductor laser with a distributed Bragg reflector and a Fabry-Perot laser diode, respectively. The performance of the generated pulses is also evaluated in terms of detected RF power at the repetition frequencies, the subharmonic suppression ratio, phase noise, and timing jitter as a function of frequency detuning, injected optical power, laser bias current, and, finally, the subharmonic number. It is found that the generated optical pulses exhibit large subharmonic suppression ratio (>17 dB), large locking ranges >400 MHz, low levels of phase noise (~-93 dBc/Hz@10 kHz) and timing jitter (<0.41 ps over 100 Hz to 10 MHz), and large tolerance to variations in operating parameters     

40 GHz hybrid modelocked laser diode module operated at ultra-low RF power with impedance-matching circuit

A 40 GHz hybrid modelocked laser diode module with an impedance-matching circuit of a double open stub was developed. A low timing jitter less than 0.5 ps was successfully achieved with a record low RF power (-20 dBm). A wide locking bandwidth exceeding 200 MHz was also demonstrated.     

Extremely low-amplitude modulation in a subharmonically hybrid mode-locked monolithic semiconductor laser

Negligibly small amplitude modulation and sufficiently low timing jitter are achieved simultaneously in a passively mode-locked monolithic semiconductor laser stabilized by applying an electrical signal at the second subharmonic of the pulse repetition frequency. Nearly transform-limited 33 GHz pulse trains with 0.56 ps timing jitter and -23 dBc amplitude modulation are obtained with 23 dBm driving signals at 16.5 GHz. Detailed investigations are carried out on the dependence of the amplitude modulation and timing jitter on RF driving power for the second- and third-order subharmonic cases. The excellent amplitude modulation property of the second subharmonic case with the specific laser used in this work is ascribed to the frequency response characteristics of the device.     

可调谐双波长低抖动增益开关光脉冲的产生

提出了一种产生可调谐双波长低抖动超短光脉冲的新方法。采用外光注入法来降低增益开关F-P激光脉冲的时间抖动,实现了脉冲光谱的双波长可调谐输出。实验中利用两个多量子阱DFB激光器作为外部种子光源,通过温度控制和偏振态调节使外部种子光有效地耦合到增益开关F-P激光器中,输出的光脉冲时间抖动(均方根)从2.57ps降低至1.06ps,双波长的边模抑制比可达25dB。通过改变DFB激光器和F-P激光器的工作温度,可实现波长从1540nm到1560nm的可调谐输出。     

Ultralow timing jitter picosecond pulse generation fromelectrically gain-switched oxidized vertical-cavity surface-emittinglasers

Ultralow timing jitter picosecond optical pulses are generated by electrically gain switching oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) at repetition rates of up to 10.0 GHz. Timing jitter as low as 1.2 ps is measured, which is at least four times lower than that measured for implanted VCSELs. The ultralow timing jitter is attributed to the high level of spontaneous coupling in the oxide-confined VCSEL due to multimode operation resulting from the index guiding properties of the oxide layer     

Picosecond pulse generation with high extinction ratio employing electroabsorption modulator, fibre compressor, and self-phase-modulation-based pulse reshaper

A wavelength-tunable 3.5 ps pulse generator, which employs an electroabsorption modulator (EAM), a fibre pulse compressor, and a self-phase-modulation (SPM)-based pulse reshaper, is developed. An EAM directly generates 21 ps pulses at a repetition rate of 10 GHz, which are compressed to 6 ps by a fibre pulse compressor. An SPM-based pulse reshaper then eliminates the large pedestal of the compressed pulses. Thus, 3.5 ps pulses with extinction ratio larger than 27 dB and timing jitter as small as 150 fs are obtained.     

Synchronous mode-locking in passively mode-locked semiconductor laser diodes using optical short pulses repeated at subharmonics of the cavity round-trip frequency

Synchronous mode-locking was achieved in passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers using optical pulses with repetition rates at subharmonics of the cavity round-trip frequency. Stable and continuous mode-locked pulses at 8.5 GHz were generated when the repetition rate of the control optical pulses was 4.25 GHz (2nd subharmonic). The timing jitter of the mode-locked pulses was reduced to 1 ps. The relationship between repetition rates of the control pulses and the realization of stable and continuous mode-locking was examined.     

160 GHz actively modelocked semiconductor laser

A 163.66 GHz optical pulse train was generated by a semiconductor modelocked laser integrated with a high-mesa EA modulator, which enables direct synchronisation with a 81.83 GHz electrical signal. A timing jitter of 0.15 ps and low amplitude modulation noise are achieved.     

Reduced timing jitter of two-section 1.55-μm laser diodes undergain-/loss-switching regime at multigigahertz rates

Picosecond pulses at multigigahertz frequencies with low timing-jitter have been generated from two-section 1.55-μm semiconductor lasers. A pulse jitter of ~1 ps was measured at a 5-GHz repetition rate with the laser diodes operated in gain-switching regime. More than 2x lower values were obtained in the loss-switching regime. A timing jitter model has been adapted to treat two-section laser diodes in the two regimes. The superiority of the loss-switching regime is explained by faster laser dynamics around threshold. A good agreement is obtained between calculations and timing jitter measurements     

Generation of 40 GHz phase stable optical short pulses using intensity modulator and two cascaded phase modulators

Pulse sources based on lithium niobate modulators are very attractive for optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) transmission systems because the modulators are now commercially available,qualified for system use,and can operate up to very high speeds and over a wide wavelength range.In this paper,we describe the principles of operation and performance of the pulse source based on lithium niobate modulators.The pulse source is based on a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator (IM) and two phase modulators (PMs).The continuouswave (CW) light is modulated in an IM and then strongly phase modulated in two cascaded PMs.The chirped pulses are subsequently compressed to desired width using dispersion compensation technology.This method has the advantage of acquiring larger chirp using normal PM rather than that special designed PM of very low Vπ.It can also generate shorter pulses than conventional methods incorporating only one PM driving by a radio frequency (RF) signal with the power larger than 1 W which may damage the device.Generation of 40 GHz optical pulses shorter than 2 ps is theoretically illustrated,simulated and experimentally verified.Experimental results show that 40 GHz phase stable optical pulses with pulse-width of 1.88 ps,extinction ratio (ER) larger than 20 dB,the timing jitter of 57 fs and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 32.8 dB can be achieved.This is also a cavity-less pulse source whose timing jitter is determined only by the RF source rather than by the actively controlled cavity.In the experiment,the phase noise of the RF source we used is as low as -98.13 dBc/Hz at a 10 kHz offset frequency which resulting very low timing jitter of generated pulses.The pulses are then modulated at 40 Gbaud/s with an inphase/quadrature (l/Q) modulator and multiplexed to 160 Gbaud/s with less interference between each other.After back-to-back demultiplexing by an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) to 40 Gbaud/s and demodulation by a delay interferometer (DI),clear and opened eye diagrams of 40 Gbaud/s I and Q tributary signals are obtained which verify the good performance of generated pulses in the 160Gbaud/s differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) OTDM system and further prove the phase stability and high quality of generated pulses.     

一种单次精密时序电脉冲的产生方法

单次精密时序电脉冲系统是大型固体激光装置的神经中枢,大型固体激光装置需要数百路单次精密定时触发电脉冲来控制激光的运行和诊断。在一次发射周期,全装置需要的电脉冲时序持续2s以上,要求电脉冲相互间时间抖动小于100ps。因此提出了一种单次精密时序电脉冲的产生方法,按此方法研制出的多路时序触发系统已经成功应用在大型激光装置上。     

Optical clock distribution using a mode-locked semiconductor laserdiode system

An experiment in which a high-power mode-locked femtosecond semiconductor laser system was used as a source of extremely low jitter intense optical pulses in the distribution of a clock to 1024 ports via optical fibers is described. The total accumulated dynamic clock jitter between any two ports, which contains both correlated and uncorrelated sources, was measured to be less than 12 ps. This laser system produced a train of 460-fs optical pulses with over 70 W of peak power at 302 MHz. These results represent the largest fanout with the minimum timing jitter for an optically distributed clocking network     

Compact VCSEL module with butt-coupled fibre for efficientmodelocking

A novel compact modelocking source using an electrically pumped vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with an external fibre optic resonator is presented. CW threshold current of the modelocking configuration is as low as 1.7 mA. The output pulse width is 24 ps and the timing jitter of the pulses remains below 1 ps     

Frequency-stabilized mode-locked solid-state laser system forprecision range-Doppler imaging

We report measurements which show that an actively stabilized cw mode-locked Nd:YLF laser, in combination with a flashlamp-pumped Nd:glass amplifier, can achieve better than 1 cm resolution of distant rotating targets using range-Doppler imaging. To do this, we have produced trains of 50 ps mode-locked pulses with less than 25 kHz peak-to-peak optical frequency broadening and jitter of the laser modes. This frequency stability is achieved by active control of the oscillator cavity length using an external cavity as a reference. Cavity length stabilization can also reduce mode-locked laser timing jitter if the jitter is caused by cavity optical path length changes common to all laser modes. In our laser, however, the active optical-frequency-stabilization did not significantly improve laser pulse timing stability from the approximate 2-ps jitter levels achieved in our passively stabilized cavity. Analysis of the data indicates that a significant fraction of the timing jitter was due to laser cavity path length changes that varied from mode to mode