Small-signal modeling and controller design of energy sharing controlled distributed battery system

This paper presents small-signal modeling, analysis and closed-loop controller design guidelines for a distributed battery energy storage system with energy sharing controller which has recently been presented in the literature in order to achieve cell balancing with high cell balancing speed and energy efficiency. The derived small signal models provide deeper insight into the dynamics of the energy sharing controlled battery system under different operating modes, including discharge mode, constant current charging mode and constant voltage charging mode. Based on the derived small signal models, closed-loop controller design guidelines are provided based on rule-of-thumb frequency-domain design criteria. The small signal models and designed controllers are validated by MATLAB®/SIMULINK simulation and experimental prototype results.     

基于Client/Server 模式的蓄电池远程智能管理系统

在电力系统中,蓄电池作为保护系统的后备电源,需要对其进行维护和保养。由于蓄电池管理多为经验型知识,因此按照专家控制器的形式设计了一种蓄电池智能管理系统。该系统通过基于Ｃｌｉｅｎｔ／Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ模式的远程通信,实现了蓄电池的远程智能管理。现场运行表明该系统运行正常,且专家控制器易于修改,可方便地移植于其它类型蓄电池。     

Estimation of Battery State of Health Using Back Propagation Neural Network

100 pieces of 26650-type Lithium iron phosphate（LiFePO4） batteries cycled with a fixed charge and discharge rate are tested, and the influence of the battery internal resistance and the instantaneous voltage drop at the start of discharge on the state of health（SOH） is discussed. A back propagation（BP） neural network model using additional momentum is built up to estimate the state of health of Li-ion batteries. The additional 10 pieces are used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that the neural network prediction model have a higher accuracy and can be embedded into battery management system（BMS） to estimate SOH of LiFePO4 Li-ion batteries.     

应用于矿用智能逆变式充电机的双模糊控制设计

设计了针对矿用智能逆变式充电机的模糊控制器,是矿用铅酸蓄电池高效、快速、无损充电系统的控制部分.详细介绍了从系统得总体方案到采用两个输入、一个输出的双个模糊控制器的设计过程,充分考虑了蓄电池充电和去极化放电的特性,能高效地完成蓄电池充放电过程,使矿用充电机系统达到很好的充电效果.     

MPC for battery/fuel cell hybrid vehicles including fuel cell dynamics and battery performance improvement

In this paper, the performance and durability of hybrid PEM fuel cell vehicles are investigated. To that end, a hybrid predictive controller is proposed to improve battery performance and to avoid fuel cell and battery degradation. Such controller deals with this complex control problem by handling binary and continuous variables, piecewise affine models and constraints. Moreover, the control strategy is to track motor power demand and keep batteries close to a desired battery state of charge which is appropriately chosen to minimize hydrogen consumption. It is important to highlight the consideration of constraints which are directly related to the goals of this paper, such as minimum fuel cell power threshold and time limitation between fuel cell startups and shutdowns. Furthermore, different models have been elaborated and particularized for a vehicle prototype. These models include few innovations such as a reference governor which smooths fuel cell power demand during sharp power profiles, forcing batteries to supply such peaks and resulting a longer fuel cell lifetime. Battery thermal dynamics are also taken into account in these models in order to analyze the effect of battery temperature on its degradation. Finally, this paper studies the feasibility of the real implementation, presenting an explicit formulation as a solution to reduce execution time. This explicit controller exhibits the same performance as the hybrid predictive controller does with a reduced computational effort. All the results have been validated in several simulations.     

100W质子膜燃料电池应急供电系统

提出一种基于质子膜燃料电池(PEMFC)和锂电池的混合联供的应急供电系统。该系统由PEM燃料电池电堆、锂电池、控制系统、氢气储存及管路系统组成,控制系统利用模糊控制算法将锂电池的SOC、负载大小以及燃料经济性及PEMFC的最佳状态作为输入变量,将锂电池和燃料电池的输出功率配比作为输出,使应急供电系统的输出各部件工作于最佳状态。研制了样机,并应用于野外应急情况。实际测试和应用表明,系统各项指标满足战术技术要求,是抢险救灾应付突发事件的理想应急供电装备。     

基于STM32的光伏充放电控制器设计

在公用照明系统中,利用光伏阵列给铅酸蓄电池充电,蓄电池为照明系统提供电能。为了保证此过程能够高效合理的进行,设计一种基于STM32F407微处理器的光伏充放电控制器。根据蓄电池及光伏阵列的特性,利用电池容量检测与 MPPT(Maximum power point Tracking)技术,控制主电路为 Boost 电路。经过实验过程及结果的验证,此控制器可以合理有效地控制蓄电池的充放电过程,提高光伏电能的利用率,最终照明系统达到了高效稳定的工作状态。     

基于神经网络的电动汽车电池SOC估算研究

论文首先分析了当前电动汽车电池管理系统中存在的问题,特别是电池电压的精确测量和剩余电量的准确预测问题一直亟待突破,因此,论文在分析电池荷电状态(SOC)影响因素的基础上,进行了动力电池的充放电实验,建立了BP网络电池模型,通过对网络进行训练,应用神经网络模型进行SOC估算,实验表明:建立的BP网络具有较好的适应性,能有效预测锂离子动力电池电压、电流和放电容量间的映射关系。可以准确地对电动汽车电池进行SOC估算。     

基于模糊算法的汽车电池组系统降温控制

分析了锂离子电池的发热和传热机理,构建了动力电池组温度数学模型。选用的电池为A123-26650 LiFePO4电池,通过预处理过程建立了动力电池组中的任意一行中8个电池单体温度模型,并网格划分化;将预处理过程中建立数学模型导入到ANSYS软件。利用ANSYS对实际条件下电池发热进行仿真,并与Zuskausks实验相关方程进行比较,验证文中所建立的动力电池CFD模型可靠性。在恒定冷却液流速条件下,通过比较电池温度数学模型电池温度和CFD模型电池温度,验证了动力电池数学温度模型可作为控制器作用的仿真对象。设计自适应模糊PID控制器,通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真试验验证该控制器能够很好控制电池温度至期望值,具有一定实际应用价值。     

一种风光互补发电控制器的设计与实现

针对风光互补发电系统中由于风力发电机和光伏电池间歇性供电造成的供电质量低下问题,提出了一种以PIC16F877芯片为核心的充放电控制方案,并给出了硬件电路和软件设计。研究表明该控制方法不仅能很好的实现蓄电池的三阶段充电,还能延长蓄电池寿命。     

基于指数趋近律的车载复合储能系统全局滑模控制

针对电动汽车存在电池使用寿命和续航里程不足的问题,引入超级电容、电池和DC/DC变换器构成车载复合储能系统.基于五阶状态空间电路平均模型,提出一种基于指数趋近律的全局滑模(E-GSM)控制策略,并基于Lyapunov方法进行控制策略的稳定性分析.该策略包括一个全局滑模电流控制器(用于精确跟踪电池和超级电容电流参考值)和一个PI控制器(用于稳定母线电压);同时,提出一种改进的基于规则的能量管理策略,用于生成电池电流参考值.仿真结果表明, E-GSM控制策略能够精准跟踪负载功率变化,在中国典型城市工况及新欧洲行驶工况下,电池SOC终值分别提高10%和7%,且避免了电池大电流放电,验证了E-GSM控制策略的有效性.     

Parity-relation-based state-of-health monitoring of lead acid batteries for automotive applications

Effective vehicular power management requires accurate knowledge of battery state, including state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH). This paper presents an integrated algorithm for reliable battery SOH monitoring. The dynamics of lead acid batteries during engine cranking is investigated, and a new battery model is presented. Moreover, a parity-relation-based integrated method for battery SOH monitoring is proposed. It is shown that the diagnostic residual combines the SOH information provided by both battery resistance and voltage loss during engine cranking, hence enhancing diagnostic performance. Extensive evaluation results using real vehicle cranking data have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

航空蓄电池恒流充放电系统设计

针对航空蓄电池的特性,设计了一种能够对航空蓄电池进行恒流充放电的系统.该系统具有智能化程度高、多路显示、数据记录、自动停止等特点.实践表明,它能够满足不同容量航空蓄电池的要求.     

太阳能路灯控制器的智能化设计

介绍的智能型控制器用于太阳能路灯系统,其主要功能是白天将太阳能电池发的电存储到蓄电池中,晚上将蓄电池中的电提供给光源进行照明。该控制器在太阳能电池、蓄电池及光源间加入一个有 A/D 转换寄存器和 PWM 输出的8位单片机,通过一定的算法控制,实现了对光源实施时控、光控、分辨季节时差的控制,以及在对蓄电池充电过程中通过PWM调制实现最大功率跟踪技术。在控制器设计中,给出了蓄电池的过充及过放、蓄电池及太阳能电池的防反接、负载的防短路、太阳能路灯系统防雷电、抗干扰等保护措施。     

基于Thevinin的锂离子动力电池建模实验研究

为了准确估算锂电池的荷电状态(SOC),对其等效电路模型进行了研究。通过充放电实验研究锂电池的电特性,利用充放电电压、电流数据辨识其欧姆内阻、极化内阻和极化电容参数,建立了较为精确的锂电池Thevenin模型。建立实验用磷酸铁锂电池的离散状态空间模型,在Matlab/Simulink环境下建立了该电池的仿真模型,并设计了放电实验。实验证明,建立的锂电池模型仿真数据与实测数据误差小于0.1 V,且随着充放电的进行误差逐渐减小,较好的跟随电池电压的变化,模型精度较高。     

蓄电池大功率恒流放电系统设计

为了解决采用固定电阻、电阻箱等传统负载对蓄电池进行恒流放电时的精度低、人为干扰因素大等问题,设计了以C8051F020单片机作为控制器、采用模糊PID控制方法、以功率MOSFET管作为放电负载的一种新型蓄电池恒流放电系统,能通过工控机的人机界面进行人机对话,并且能对放电过程进行实时监控、记录和分析。系统采用多个放电支路并联的设计思想,大大提高了蓄电池恒流放电功率,并且通过模糊PID控制,使系统放电的控制精度更高。     

太阳能电动自行车的研制

在对太阳能电池组件特性进行研究的基础上,文章给出了整辆车的设计方案,采用了MICROCHIP公司的PIC16F877单片机实现智能的充放电控制,对蓄电池进行过充电保护,过放电保护,延长蓄电池的寿命。系统采用了最大功率点跟踪,采用霍耳传感器对无刷直流电机进行调速,实现低成本,高效率的控制方案,系统阐明硬件电路的设计及其控制的算法。     

基于改进神经网络算法的医疗锂电池PHM系统设计

针对医疗电子设备锂电池不确定性发生故障耽误病人救治的问题,提出了一套医疗电子设备锂电池故障预测与健康管理系统(Prognostics and Health Management-PHM);搭建了一套医疗电子设备锂电池数据测试与退化状态模拟的实验平台;为了反映医疗电子设备锂电池健康状态,将锂电池四个健康因子作为医疗电子设备锂电池退化状态的特征进行提取,并通过非线性自回归(Nonlinear Autogressive with Exogenous Inputs-NARX)神经网络,对四个健康因子的数据进行训练,训练后用于容量估计,得出等间隔放电时间序列能够较好地表征锂电池健康状态;为了提高基本粒子滤波算法(Particle Filter-PF)的精度从而更精确地预测锂电池剩余寿命(Remaing Useful Life-RUL),通过人工免疫粒子滤波算法(Artificial Immune Particle FilterAIPF)与经验模型对锂电池进行剩余寿命预测,并将PF预测的结果与AIPF预测的结果进行对比,发现AIPF预测更加准确,说明AIPF有效抑制了PF重采样过程中粒子退化问题,验证了医疗电子设备锂电池故障预测与健康管理系统的可行性与可实施性。     

Nonlinear output feedback control of V2G single‐phase on‐board BEV charger

In this work, we consider the problem of controlling a single‐phase on‐board battery electric vehicle (BEV) charger with vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology. The BEV charger consists of a bidirectional ac‐dc power converter connected to the single‐phase power grid, followed by a bidirectional dc‐dc power converter interfacing an EV battery pack. The main control objectives are fourfold: (i) Unitary Power Factor (UPF) in grid‐side; (ii) tight dc‐bus voltage regulation; (iii) safety battery charge and battery discharge during the grid‐to‐vehicle (G2V) mode and V2G mode, respectively; and (iv) asymptotic stability of the closed loop system. After an accurate system modelling, a nonlinear controller is designed using a backstepping design technique. The point is that the battery inner voltage is not accessible to measurement. Therefore, a nonlinear observer is invoked in order to estimate all non‐measured variables making the solution cheaper and noiseless. It is shown using a formal analysis and numerical simulations, that the proposed output feedback controller (combining a nonlinear controller and a nonlinear observer) meets all control objectives.     

数据中心功耗削峰电池的可用性分析

研究表明,数据中心后备电池在削峰方面展现出了很大的潜力.使用电池进行削峰,可以使数据中心的电能使用效率大幅提升,从而节约大量的数据中心电力基础设施建设费用.但是,由于削峰会加速电池老化,在一个数据中心的寿命周期内往往需要更换数次电池,这使得电池费用成为数据中心成本的重要组成部分,在更为先进的分布式备电系统下电池成本所占...