Joint Estimation of the Timing and Frequency Offset for Uplink OFDMA

Inheriting all the advantages of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), plus the ability to offer a fine level of bit granularity and dynamic subcarrier allocation for multiuser diversity, the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) has emerged as a potential candidate for multiple access technique for future broadband wireless networks. However, the benefits of OFDMA come with stringent requirements on synchronization, especially in the uplink. Unless the timing offsets (TOs) and carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) among users in the uplink are kept under tolerable ranges, inter-symbol interference (ISI), inter-channel interference (ICI) and multi-user interference (MUI) will occur, which degrade the overall system performance severely. Accurate estimation of TOs and CFOs is required for each user, so that they can be accounted for at the user’s side or compesated for at the base station. This paper proposes a novel method to estimate jointly TOs and CFOs in the time-domain for multi-user in the OFDMA uplink. The method is shown to offer good accuracy, while maintaining a reasonable complexity compared to conventional estimation schemes.     

Joint Maximum-Likelihood CFO and Channel Estimation for OFDMA Uplink Using Importance Sampling

In this paper, the optimal carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel estimator for an orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) uplink based on a joint maximum-likelihood (ML) criterion is derived. Direct implementation of the resultant estimation scheme is challenging due to the need for a multidimensional exhaustive search in multi-CFO estimation. To solve this problem, an optimization theorem is exploited, and a computationally efficient method using an importance sampling technique is proposed. Without the need to provide an initial estimate, the proposed estimator guarantees the generation of the global optimal solution. Simulation results clearly verify the effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme.      

Unitary-ESPRIT Algorithm for Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for Interleaved OFDMA Uplink Systems

The carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is an important task for orthogonal frequency-division multiple-access (OFDMA) systems. Making use of the intrinsic periodic structure of the received signal samples, an effective Unitary-ESPRIT algorithm based on unitary transformation technique is proposed for the CFO estimation problem. Compared with other recently proposed CFO estimation approaches, the proposed algorithm offers a number of advantages. Firstly, the presented approach can reduce the computation complexity considerably, since it is efficiently formulated in terms of real-valued computation except for the data preprocessing. Secondly, it can provide better CFO estimation performance by incorporating the data stacking technology and the unitary transformation, etc. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.     

Joint Semiblind Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation for Multiuser MIMO-OFDM Uplink

A semiblind method is proposed for simultaneously estimating the carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) and channels of an uplink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system. By incorporating the CFOs into the transmitted symbols and channels, the MIMO-OFDM with CFO is remodeled into an MIMO-OFDM without CFO. The known blind method for channel estimation (Zeng and Ng in 2004) (Y. H. Zeng and T. S. Ng, ldquoA semi-blind channel estimation method for multi-user multi-antenna OFDM systems,rdquo IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 1419-1429, May 2004.) is then directly used for the remodeled system to obtain the shaped channels with an ambiguity matrix. A pilot OFDM block for each user is then exploited to resolve the CFOs and the ambiguity matrix. Two dedicated pilot designs, periodical and consecutive pilots, are discussed. Based on each pilot design and the estimated shaped channels, two methods are proposed to estimate the CFOs. As a result, based on the second-order statistics (SOS) of the received signal and one pilot OFDM block, the CFOs and channels are found simultaneously. Finally, a fast equalization method is given to recover the signals corrupted by the CFOs.     

Joint Estimation of Carrier and Sampling Frequency Offsets in the Uplink of Multiuser OFDM Systems

Wireless Personal Communications - This paper considers the joint estimation of the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and sampling frequency offset (SFO) in the uplink of multiuser orthogonal...     

交织OFDMA上行系统CFO估计算法的研究

文中对OFDMA系统中的子载波分配方法进行了研究,介绍了两种子载波分配方法的原理,对两种子载波分配方法进行了仿真,结果显示在频率选择性衰落信道中交织分配的OFDMA系统要比块分配的OFDMA系统获得更多的频率分集.给出了交织OFDMA系统上行链路的信号结构,由于发射机和接收机之间存在的载波频率偏移(CFO)将会影响子载波间的正交性,对多用户的CFO估计提出了一种估计算法,仿真的结果显示所提出的算法具有较好的性能.     

Joint Estimation of Doubly Selective Channels and Carrier Frequency Offsets in High Mobility MIMO-OFDMA Uplink

In this paper, we address the joint estimation of doubly selective channels (DSCs) and carrier frequency offsets (CFOs) in multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiple access uplink with highly mobile users. Since the channel coefficients are rapidly varying over time and the base station has to perform the estimation task from the received composite signal, the exact solution to this joint estimation problem requires multidimensional search which is computationally intensive. We propose an iterative technique for the joint estimation of DSCs and CFOs based on space alternating generalized expectation maximization algorithm which will decompose the multidimensional optimization to many one dimensional searches. The proposed method works even in the presence of residual timing offsets and it does not require the knowledge of channel statistics at the receiver. Convergence properties of the proposed algorithm in terms of rate matrix is studied and analytically proved that the proposed joint estimation algorithm converges. Simulation studies illustrate that the proposed technique offers good performance even at very high mobile speeds.

     

任意子载波分配OFDMA上行链路CFO估计及补偿方法

正交频分多址(OFDMA)技术是正交频分复用技术(OFDM)的扩展。与OFDM一样,它对载波频偏(CFO)相当敏感。该文针对多用户任意子载波分配的OFDMA上行链路系统提出一种基于导频辅助的CFO估计方法,并在此基础上给出一种低复杂度CFO补偿方法。仿真结果表明,该方法计算复杂度低,性能良好。     

OFDM频偏信道联合估计算法

针对OFDM系统中频偏和信道联合估计问题进行了研究。为了克服单独估计的缺陷,提高精度,提出了一种低复杂度的频偏信道联合估计算法。该算法首先通过采用正交性质的恒包络零相关序列,运用最大似然法估计信道,提取频偏估计值,然后对信道结果进行修正,使之更接近真实信道。同时给出了频偏估计的克拉美罗界。仿真结果表明,相比于最小二乘联合估计法,本文算法估计均方误差更小,具有更好的估计性能。      

Joint Channel and DOA Estimation for Multicarrier CDMA Uplink Transmissions

The use of antenna arrays in wireless communications makes it possible to estimate the directions of arrival (DOAs) of impinging waveforms. The latter can be exploited to enhance channel estimation accuracy or as an input for advanced mobile positioning systems. In this paper, we consider the uplink of a multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) network in which the base station is endowed with multiple receiving antennas arranged in a uniform linear array. Transmission takes place over a multipath channel, and the goal is the joint estimation of the channel responses and DOAs of the uplink signals. In doing so, we follow a maximum-likelihood (ML) approach and assume that users transmit orthogonal training sequences to facilitate the task of separating the signals. This way, all unknown parameters are estimated independently of each other with affordable complexity. Theoretical analysis and computer simulations are used to assess the performance of the proposed scheme and make comparisons with existing alternatives.     

一种TD-SCDMA载波频偏与信道联合估计算法

通过分析时分同步码分多址(TD-SCDMA)系统的载波频偏和信道特性,提出一种频偏与信道联合估计算法。该算法通过对训练序列部分相关,然后做差分将频偏和信道特性解耦,并通过逐次迭代最终精确估计出频偏和信道参数。仿真结果表明,算法频偏估计性能接近Cramr-Rao界,准确度较高;全链路仿真误码率性能优越,信道估计准确。算法复杂度不高,实用性强,同样适用于其它的TDD模式的CDMA系统。     

一种低开销的LTE上行链路信道估计算法

压缩感知理论作为信号处理方向较为前沿的研究方向,可以采用少数目的采样值以高概率来获得原始稀疏信号。同时,移动无线通信衰落信道恰恰具有稀疏特性。然而,传统的信道估计并没有根据信道的这一稀疏特性来得出算法。在研究多径信道稀疏特性的基础上,分析了将压缩感知理论运用于LTE上行链路进行信道估计的可行性,并建立了一种基于压缩感知技术实现系统信道估计的模型,提出了一种结合正交匹配追踪算法来估计信道时域响应的低开销LTE上行链路信道估计算法。此外,通过系统仿真进行了估计的均方误差性能分析,与目前广为使用的信道估计算法相比,所提出的低开销信道估计算法在保证估计精度的同时减少了导频开销,增强了系统性能。     

Joint Time-Domain Tracking of Channel and Frequency Offsets for MIMO OFDM Systems

In this paper we address the problem of joint channel and frequency offset estimation and tracking in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OFDM systems for mobile users. The proposed method stems from extended Kalman filtering and is suitable for time-frequency-space selective channels. Separate offset for each MIMO channel branch is considered because of the mobility and rich scattering. The channel taps and the frequency offsets are estimated in time-domain while the equalization is performed in frequency domain. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method tracks time-varying channels and frequency offsets with high fidelity. Realistic channel models are used in mobile scenarios. The proposed time-domain approach has improved performance and robustness in comparison to purely frequency domain processing. Computational complexity is lower as well.     

一种基于导频的OFDM信道估计优化算法

针对OFDM系统提出了一种新的联合信道估计方法,并在理论上将此方法进行了最优化.仿真结果表明,该方法不仅有效提高了信道估计的准确性,而且可降低信道估计对导频发射功率的依赖性.     

MU-MIMO-OFDM上行频偏与信道联合跟踪

本文提出了一种在MU-MIMO-OFDM （Multiple-User Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing）上行链路中,联合跟踪残留频偏（Residual Carrier Frequency Offset,RCFO）和信道的算法.本算法采用EM （Expectation Maximization）方法求解该非线性问题,并使用变分推断来近似原来复杂的隐变量的后验概率.在估计RCFO时,考虑了信道估计误差的概率分布,从而降低了信道估计误差对跟踪性能的影响.仿真中,本算法达到了较高的跟踪精度,尤其是在高信噪比时没有误差平台问题.     

The Effect of Imperfect Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation on an OFDMA Uplink

In the uplink of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, the user carrier frequency offsets result in inter-carrier-interference (ICI) and multipleuser-interference (MUI), leading to a degradation of the bit error rate (BER). This paper treats this uplink scenario and derives the average uplink capacity and the BER using the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) analysis. Adaptive power allocation is suggested to increase the capacity. When the frequency offsets are modeled as zero-mean Gaussian or Uniform random variables, the BER is derived as a closed-form infiniteseries. The series requires at least 50 terms to ensure sufficient accuracy.     

OFDM系统信道估计与频偏跟踪联合算法

提出了一种信道估计与频偏跟踪的联合算法,该算法适宜于慢衰落信道。算法的基本 思想是利用慢衰落信道特性的慢变性,即相邻两帧间的信道条件变化小,用前一帧的信道特性作为该帧 的初始信道特性跟踪频偏,初步校正频偏之后再进行信道估计,估计后的信道特性再次用于校正频偏, 依次反复迭代。两次利用最大似然函数,经过几次迭代过程,逐步逼近频偏和信道冲击响应的实际值。 仿真结果表明该算法具有稳定好、精确度高等优点。     

OFDMA系统上行链路的符号定时估计

在多径信道中,任何符号定时的变化,都会增加OFDMA系统对时延扩展的敏感程度,为了获得最佳的系统性能,需要尽量减小符号定时同步的误差.已有的符号定时估计算法多是基于特定训练序列的,其优点是实现简单且较为准确,但需要占用额外的频谱资源,且时间偏移量需小于循环前缀的长度.文中提出的基于子载波相位差分的符号定时估计算法是一种盲估计算法,不需要额外发送训练序列,节省了资源,且对时间偏移量大于循环前缀的情况同样适用.