北京植被物候时空变化及其对城市化的响应北大核心CSCD

植被物候是气候变化和外界环境变化的感应器。鉴于当前植被物候研究多在生态区,城市相对较少,以北京为研究区,基于2001—2019年MOD13Q1植被指数产品,利用动态阈值法提取研究区内植被的物候参数,即生长季开始期(start of season,SOS)、生长季结束期(end of season,EOS)和生长季长度(length of season,LOS),揭示植被物候期的时空变化特征并利用相关分析法研究其对城市化的响应。研究表明:2001—2019年,北京出现植被生长季开始期提前、结束期推迟和长度延长的现象,城区和郊区亦然。植被物候在城郊方向上表现出明显的梯度现象,且城区生长季开始期最早、结束期最晚和长度最长。城市化的发展对植被生长季开始期提前、结束期推迟和长度延长具有重要作用,不同地区的植被物候受城市化影响具有差异性。     

新疆棉花物候时空变化遥感监测及气温影响分析

基于2001～2016连续16a的MOD09Q1数据计算获取NDVI时序数据,利用Savitzky-Golay(S-G)滤波重构NDVI时序曲线,以动态阈值法提取新疆大地块棉花的生长季开始期、生长季结束期和生长季长度信息,并分析新疆棉花物候时空变化特征及其对气温变化的响应。结果表明:(1)南北疆棉花物候空间差异显著:生长季开始期由南向北逐渐推迟,南疆集中于第151d之前,北疆于第151～163d之间;生长季结束期逐渐提前,北疆大部分于第292d前结束生长,而南疆集中发生在第298d之后;生长季长度逐渐缩短,南疆普遍长于150d,北疆通常短于150d。(2)南北疆物候变化趋势不一致:阿克苏生长季开始期和结束期表现为"推迟—提前—推迟—提前"变化趋势,生长季长度不明显延长;沙湾县生长季开始期表现为微弱提前趋势,生长季结束期则为先推迟再提前趋势,生长季长度表现为缩短、延长、缩短的波动变化。(3)原因分析表明棉花物候主要受气温影响:生长季开始期与10℃初日、15℃初日、生长初期平均气温表现显著的相关性;生长季结束期与10℃终止日相关性较好。     

基于遥感的黑河流域植被物候空间格局提取分析

植被物候的检测对于认识自然季节现象的变化规律,服务农作物生产、全球变化、生态学应用方面具有重要价值。植被指数是描述植被数量、质量、植被长势和生物量指标的重要参数。利用SPOT VEGETATION NDVI时间序列数据,采用Savitzky-Golay滤波方法重建了NDVI的年内变化序列,并利用此数据提取了黑河流域植被物候空间分布格局。结果表明,采用此方法得到的植被物候信息和该区域的农事历信息符合较好。黑河流域植被物候具有明显的空间格局。上游的高寒草地区生长季长度较短。中游地区受人类活动影响严重,较为符合该区农作物生长信息。     

基于日光诱导叶绿素荧光的东北地区植被物候时空特征及其对气候的响应

植被物候是监测陆地生态系统和全球气候变化的重要生物指标。基于经典遥感植被指数的陆表物候监测在不同植被类型的精确分析方面存在较大挑战,日光诱导叶绿素荧光（SIF）可以直接反映植被实际光合作用的动态变化,能够更精确地刻画出植被的年际变异。本研究基于2001～2020年GOSIF数据集,通过D-L拟合函数和动态阈值法提取东北地区植被物候参数,结合一元线性回归分析、稳定性和持续性分析,在多时空尺度下分析2001～2020年东北地区植被物候的时空演变特征,并探讨植被物候对气候变化的响应机制。结果表明：(1)植被生长季开始（Start of Season,SOS）、结束（EndofSeason,EOS）、生长季长度（LengthofSeason,LOS）和生长峰值（Position of Peak,POP）整体上分别呈现出提前、推迟、延长和提前趋势;(2)草丛SOS提前、EOS推迟趋势较为显著,针叶林EOS提前趋势显著;SOS提前、EOS推迟导致LOS延长,除针叶林外,所有植被类型LOS均呈现出延长趋势;除草丛和草原外,其余植被类型POP均呈提前趋势;(3)20年来植被SOS、EOS、LOS和PO...     

21世纪初中国农作物与自然植被物候时空差异

利用离散小波方法对2001~2012年MODIS EVI时序数据进行平滑,基于动态阈值法提取我国植被物候信息,探讨农作物和自然植被物候的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)我国第一季农作物开始、峰值和结束日期主要以华北平原为中心随海拔的上升而推迟,而自然植被物候更早20d左右,且随海拔的上升先推迟后提前;(2)物候在时序上有显著变化的第一季区域,43.98%开始日期、52.83%峰值日期呈现提前趋势,多在开始晚、结束早的西南区及东北与内蒙古交界处,其余区域开始、峰值日期及81.80%结束日期呈推迟趋势,发生在开始早、结束晚的黄土高原及双季农作区;农作物物候推迟幅度小于自然植被。     

利用遥感监测长江三角洲森林植被物候对气候变化的响应

植物的物候与气候等环境因素息息相关,是指示气候与自然环境变化对生态影响的重要指标。目前,气候变暖日益为人所关注,使用遥感技术研究植物物候与气候变化之间的关系具有重要的意义。监测人口密度高和城市经济发达地区的植物物候对气候变暖的响应,可以揭示区域热环境变化及其产生的生态效应。本研究选取长江三角洲地区为研究区域,使用SPOT卫星VGT传感器的长时间NDVI数据序列,对经济发达区域森林植被的NDVI序列进行非对称性高斯函数拟合法平滑处理,并提取与研究其物候特征,发现①NDVI与气温具有较强相关性,随气候变暖,森林植被NDVI年均值有增加趋势;②森林植被生长活跃期起始日期提前,终止日期延后,时长有明显的延长趋势,生长活跃期内NDVI有所增加;③森林植被NDVI极大值与极小值出现日期均明显提前,NDVI极大值有增大趋势,而极小值呈下降趋势,年内极差增加,NDVI增长期缩短,衰落期延长;④森林植被在春、夏两季NDVI均值有所增长,秋季无明显变化,冬季略有降低。     

基于EVI2和多趋势分析法的高原草地植被物候动态监测研究

基于EVI2数据集提取青藏高原草地植被的物候信息,分析青藏高原草地返青期(Start of Growth Season,SOG)、枯黄期(End of Growth Season,EOG)和生长季长度(Length of Growth Season,LOG)的空间分布格局及近30 a来青藏高原草地物候的时空动态变化特征。结果表明:青藏高原的草地物候由东南向西北呈现出明显的区域性差异。其中,高原东部和西北部地区的草地植被返青时间早于中部和西南部地区,而枯黄时间却晚于中部和西南部地区,生长季长度较中部和西南部地区长。同时,青藏高原物候变化趋势在东西部地区的差异十分明显。草地植被返青提前的区域主要集中在高原的东部,提前速率为0.49 d/a(R~2=0.54)。草地植被物候分布和变化趋势在不同海拔和坡向上的差异也十分显著。海拔每升高1 000 m,草地SOG推迟4 d,EOG提前5 d,LOG缩短9 d。随海拔的升高,草地SOG的推迟速率逐渐增加,LOG变化速率呈现出逐渐减小的趋势。此外,南坡草地SOG较北坡晚,其LOG较北坡、东坡和西坡的短。北坡草地SOG平均推迟速率低于南坡。     

21世纪初期东北地区农田物候动态及其对气候的响应

利用遥感技术的物候提取方法在理解农田物候对气候变化的敏感性问题中具有较大潜力。基于MODIS的归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI）遥感产品,提取东北农田地区2005～2020年植被物候参数并用地面实测数据加以验证,然后获取农田物候与气温、降水量和日照时数间的相关关系。结果表明东北地区2005～2020年农田物候空间分布格局较为一致,只在部分区域因作物品种布局原因存在差异;农田物候的时间变化显著,多数地区生长季开始日期以1 d/a的速率在提前,生长季长度以1 d/a的速率在延长。农田物候受气温与降水量的影响较为明显,受日照时数影响不大,同时也在一定程度上受到种植结构变化的影响。而且,农田物候在很大程度上受人为因素干扰,因此有些区域气候因素对其影响表现出相反趋势。     

Morlet 小波在地表物候遥感识别中尺度的选取与应用

地表物候是人类了解地球生态系统的必要参数,也是动植物保护、农耕等活动的重要依据。使用遥感数据进行地表物候提取为大尺度的地表物候变化监测提供了一种有效途径。研究发现目前应用最广泛的非对称性高斯函数拟合法和双 Logistic 函数拟合法存在一定的缺陷,尤其是在提取 NDVI 峰值谷值和物候周期不明显区域 (如干旱地区、沙地) 的物候参数时存在严重的误差,而 morlet 小波在分析地表年际变化的周期特征方面表现良好。本文使用 morlet 小波对青海湖流域 2003-2014 年的 MODIS 数据进行分析,得到地表物候在该时间段内的年度变化与趋势,进行不同区域、不同时间的差异性分析,发现青海湖流域的地表物候期整体都略有提前,但生长季的长度呈延长趋势,认为青海湖流域的地表物候整体上响应全球变暖的趋势。中部地区的生长季长度大于高海拔、高纬度区域和沙地区域,认为青海湖流域的中部地区是最适合动植物生长、活动的范围。     

基于NDVI数据的三江平原农田物候监测

物候现象被称为气候变化的积分仪,研究农田物候现象对农业生产有重要的指导意义。多时相遥感影像使区域物候监测成为可能。利用傅里叶级数对MODIS NDVI数据进行平滑,结合地面观测资料,采用动态阈值法提取物候信息,并与实际观测结果进行比较分析。研究结果表明:三江平原大部分农作物在第120~130 d开始生长,在第250~260 d左右停止生长,2003年三江平原农作物开始生长和结束的时间较早,2005年开始生长日期比2003年有所推迟,2007年农作物开始生长的日期早于2005年,但生长季结束的日期比2003年和2005年都晚,2007年生长季长度较长。采用MODIS NDVI数据获取的物候参数具有一定的可靠性,在农田大面积分布区域监测结果更为准确。
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Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Vegetation Phenology in the Mongolian Plateau during 1982~2011

Based on the third generation GIMMS NDVI time\|series datasets during 1982~2011,we extracted the start of growing season (SOS),end of growing season (EOS) and length of growing season (LOS) in the Mongolian Plateau using cumulative NDVI based logistic regression curves,change rate of curvature in NDVI logistic regression curves and change rate method of NDVI and further analyzed the spatio\|temporal changes of phenology.The results showed that the cumulative NDVI based logistic regression curves and change rate method of NDVI performed better predictions in SOS and EOS modeling,and the mean value of these two methods improved the extraction accuracy of phenology in the Mongolian Plateau.SOS in the Mongolian Plateau mostly started from the middle of April to the end of May and ended from the end of the September to the middle of the October.Most LOS ranged from 125 to 175 days.Spatially,the earlier SOS,later SOS and longer LOS occurred in the humid and sub\|humid area of the plateau,and later SOS,earlier EOS and shorter LOS occurred in arid and semi\|arid regions of the plateau.Temporally,during the 30\|year observation period,approximately,51.6% and 33.9% of the plateau experienced advanced and delayed SOS,respectively,and 21.2% and 12.4% of which are statistically significant;Approximately,35.6% and 49.8% of the study area experienced delayed EOS,respectively,and 8.2% and 12.0% of which are statistically significant;Accordingly,40.3% (17.8% are significant) and 44.8% (18.9% are significant) of the plateau showed shortening and lengthening of the LOS.     

Temporal and spatial dynamics of phenology along the North–South Transect of Northeast Asia

Vegetation phenology is sensitive to climate change and, as such, is often regarded as an indicator of climate change. It is a common practice to extract vegetation phenological indicators based on satellite remote sensing data. In this study, we used the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Study (GIMMS) Third-Generation normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI_3G) to investigate temporal and spatial changes in phenology in Northeast Asia. Based on the maximum rate of change in the NDVI and dynamic threshold, we used the Asymmetric Gaussian model, Double Logistic method, and Savitzky-Golay filter to extract the start of the growing season (SOS), the end of the growing season (EOS), and the length of the growing season (LOS), respectively, along the North–South Transect of Northeast Asia (NSTNEA) from 1982 to 2014. We then compared the differences in SOS, EOS, and LOS and considered their spatio-temporal dynamics and relationship with temperature. The results show that the Asymmetric Gaussian model has the highest stability among the three methods. Dynamic thresholds corresponding to the maximum change rate of NDVI were mainly between 0.5 and 0.6. From 1982 to 2014, the SOS in the NSTNEA region occurred approximately 0.19 days earlier each year; the trends in EOS and LOS were not significant. In general, temperature and latitude have a strong linear relationship, both of which significantly impact vegetation phenology in the NSTNEA region. In addition, elevation also significantly impacts on vegetation phenology in the NSTNEA region.     

Detecting the effects of climate change on canopy phenology in coniferous forests in semi-arid mountain regions of China

An increased understanding of the responses of forest phenology to climate on regional scales is critical to the evaluation of biochemical cycles (i.e. carbon, water, heat, and nutrient) under environmental changes. In this study, we aimed to identify climatic constraints on phenological events in an evergreen coniferous forest in semi-arid mountain regions of northern China. We quantified the start of season (SOS), end of season (EOS), and growing season length (GSL) based on satellite-derived data sets (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) and investigated the relationships between these phenological events and climate factors. The results revealed discontinuous trends in phenological events throughout the study period, with neither an obvious extension nor decrement in GSL. We demonstrated that minimum temperatures controlled the dynamics of SOS and EOS, thus providing strong evidence for the need to include minimum temperature as a control on phenology in simulation models. Additionally, precipitation was coupled to the shift in maximum NDVI, as rainfall is a major climatic limitation to vegetation growth in semi-arid regions. It appears that selecting appropriate timescales to analyse the relationships between phenology and climate is critical. We illustrated that NDVI was an effective tool in an effort to gain greater understanding of the effects of environmental change on ecosystem functioning in this forest. Our results may be used as reference to track local changes in the evergreen coniferous forest dynamics under different climate change scenarios for semi-arid mountain regions.     

Extracting grassland vegetation phenology in North China based on cumulative SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI data

Plant phenology is one of the main indicators of climate or other environmental processes. This paper assesses the detection accuracy of start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS) for grassland vegetation in north China from 2001 to 2010 using SPOT-VEGETATION normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data sets and in situ observations. The cumulative NDVI is calculated and fitted using a logistic model to identify phenological transition dates. The curvature of the fitted logistic models predicts phenological transition dates that correspond to the times at which the curvature in the yearly integrated NDVI exhibits local minimums or maximums. Validating with in situ observations, phenological dates are extracted from satellite time series data and are accurate to within 10 days. The spatial trends of SOS and EOS are very similar for 2001–2010. SOS mainly occurs from the day of year (DOY) 110 to DOY 170, and EOS occurs from DOY 240 to DOY 300. SOS displays a marked delay from south to north, while EOS gradually advances, indicating regional differences in climate and terrain. However, the effect of latitude and longitude on the average EOS of alpine grasslands is not significantly different, while SOS at low latitude and high longitude is 10 days earlier than at high-latitude and high-longitude regions. We detected an overall advance in SOS of 3.1 days over 10 years, and a 1.3-day delay in EOS. However, the amplitude is low (about 5 days) and the changes in most regions are not significant (close to zero). The results in this paper are concordant with many reported studies that explored the phenology of grasslands in North China, which is an important component of global grasslands science.     

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Vegetation Phenology in Temperate China and Its Impact on Gross Primary Productivity

Land surface phenology is defined as the seasonal timing of life cycle events of vegetated land surface on local or global scale.Most studies of vegetation phenology in China’s temperate zone are focused on single vegetation type in certain area，the studies about long-time vegetation phenology on large scale is rare.The influence of vegetation phenology on GPP(gross primary productivity) remains to be determined.Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) MCD12Q2 data from 2001 to 2014，start of growing season(SOS)，end of growing season(EOS) and length of growing season(LOS) in temperate China(>30°N) are obtained.GPP from MODIS MOD17A3 data for the same period is also obtained.Using regression analysis and correlation analysis methods，spatial and temporal patterns of SOS，EOS and LOS are analyzed.The impacts of SOS，EOS and LOS on interannual variability of GPP are also analyzed.Results show that the average and standard deviation of SOS，EOS and LOS from 2001 to 2014 are 121±10，270±12 and 153±12 days，respectively.The trend of earlier SOS，delayed EOS and increased LOS are not significant(p>0.05)，but LOS shows positively correlated to GPP.The spatial distribution of annual average LOS and GPP from 2001 to 2014 presents an increase trend from northwest to southeast.Regions with significant interannual variation(p<0.05) of SOS，EOS and LOS are 13%，21% and 13.2%，respectively.Regions of significant correlation(p<0.05) of SOS，EOS and LOS to GPP account for 8.31%，9.33% and 8.72% of the study area.GPP has mainly medium correlations(p<0.05，0.5<|r|<0.8) to SOS，EOS and LOS.     

Effect of climate change on vegetation phenology of different land-cover types on the Tibetan Plateau

Research in vegetation phenology change has been one heated topic of current ecological and climate change study. The Tibetan Plateau, as the highest plateau of the earth, is more vulnerable and sensitive to climate change than many other regions. In this region, shifts in vegetation phenology have been intensively studied during recent decades, primarily based on satellite-retrieved data. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal changes of vegetation phenology for different land-cover types in the Tibetan Plateau and characterized their relationship with temperature and precipitation by using long-term time-series datasets of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2014. Diverse phenological changes were observed for different land-cover types, with an advancing start of growing season (SOS), delaying end of growing season (EOS) and increasing length of growing season (LOS) in the eastern Tibetan Plateau where meadow was the dominant vegetation type, but with the opposite changes in the steppe and sparse herbaceous or sparse shrub regions which are mostly located in the northwestern and western edges of the Tibetan Plateau. Correlation analysis indicated that sufficient preseason precipitation may delay the SOS of evergreen forests in the southeastern Plateau and advance the SOS of steppe and sparse herbaceous or sparse shrub in relatively arid areas, while the advance of SOS in meadow areas could be related to higher preseason temperature. For EOS, because it is less sensitive to climate change than SOS, the response of EOS for different land-cover types to precipitation and temperature were more complicated across the Tibetan Plateau.     

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Vegetation Phenology with Multiple Methods over the Tibetan Plateau based on MODIS NDVI Data

In the context of global climate change,vegetation phenology analysis based on remote sensing has become an critical method for studying the characteristics of physical and physiological changes of vegetation.This paper uses the MODIS NDVI time\|series data of 96 meteorological stations over the Tibetan Plateau during 2000\|2014 to explore the development trend of vegetation phenological and geographical environment factors of each meteorological station,typical vegetation coverage and the whole plateau region.Firstly,using three cubic spline function method (Spline),double logistic function method(D\|L)and singular spectrum analysis (SSA),NDVI time\|series data is reconstructed,then using the derivative method (Der)and threshold method (Trs),the key parameters of phenological information is extracted,after that differences and application conditions between the six methods are analyzed and compared.Secondly,using M\|K test trend analysis method,the phenological development trend of each site and area were calculated,the relationship between phenological development trend and altitude,precipitation,temperature is studied.Finally,by the Growing season length(GSL)obtained by temperature threshold method,LOS is compared and verified.in grassland and forest land cover types,SSA,Spline,D\|L combined with threshold method to get the Start of Season(SOS),end of season(EOS),Length of season (SOS)respectively is a good combination strategy.(2)The spatial differences of various phenological parameters extracted by different methods are large,and the trend is relatively consistent at small scales.Southeast humid and semi\|humid shrub steppe region and northwestern desert steppe in the Tibetan Plateau,SOS and EOS delayed,but LOS prolonged;southwestern humid region,SOS and EOS delayed,LOS shortened;widely distributed grassland,the phenological parameters did not show significant tendency.(3)Temperature is related to the development trend of phenological parameters.With temperature increasing,the phenomena of SOS advance,EOS lag are presented.Because of the complexity of the plateau landform and climate,there was no significant relationship between phenological development trend for most of the site with the altitude and precipitation,only a few sites have strong correlation,the correlation between GSL and LOS also showed similar characteristics.For remote sensing based phonological analyses,our study identify there is no method existing here that is a adaptive across all the Tibetan Plateau.in addition,at point scale the phenological parameters do not represent a significant earlier or later trend.     

基于AVHRR和MODIS数据的全球植被物候比较分析

AVHRR和MODIS卫星数据在全球和区域尺度植物物候对气候变化响应研究中起着重要的作用,然而两种传感器在全球尺度物候监测的一致性有待验证。首先利用时间序列谐波分析法(HANTS)对2005年全球GIMMS AVHRR NDVI和MODIS 13A2 数据进行滤波处理;然后基于改进的动态阈值方法,提取全球植被的返青期(SOS)、枯黄期(EOS)和生长季长度(DOS);最后分区域比较和评估两种传感器提取物候参数的潜力。研究结果表明：2005年全球大部分地区植被在第100～140 d开始生长,到第260～300 d逐渐停止生长,生长季长度集中在130～180 d,并且和区域研究结果具有一致性;两种传感器提取的植被关键物候期的空间变化趋势是一致的,随着纬度升高,返青期呈现推迟趋势,枯黄期呈现提早趋势,生长季长度呈现缩短趋势;AVHRR和MODIS提取落叶林和草地的SOS、EOS和DOS在欧亚大陆和北美洲区域的相关系数大部分达到0.9以上。     

Monitoring Spatial-temporal Change of Cotton Phenology in Xinjiang and Its Response to Climate Change

Observations of vegetation phenology provide valuable information regarding ecosystem response to environmental conditions,especially to climate change.Cotton is one of the most important economic crops in Xinjiang,and its phenological change can directly reflect the change of climate in Xinjiang.This research was an attempt to extract cotton phenological parameters in Xinjiang by using 16 years’(2001 to 2016) time series MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)：firstly,filtering noise from the time-series data using Savitzky-Golay filtered method;then detecting cotton phenology parameters (Start of Growth Season(SOS),End of Growth Season(EOS),Long of Growth Season(LOS)) using Dynamic Threshold method;finally,the spatial patterns and temporal trends of observed cotton phenological characteristics were analyzed over the past 16 years and the relationship between cotton phenology and temperature changes was also discussed.The result of this study showed that the spatial patterns of cotton phenology were significantly different in study region：SOS delayed gradually from Nanjiang to Beijiang,and mainly occurred before 151st and after 151st days respectively;EOS gradually advanced,most areas of northern Xinjiang ended up 292nd days ago,while the southern Xinjiang happened 298th days later;LOS shortened,Nanjiang is generally longer than 150 days while Beijiang is usually shorter than 150 days.The trend of cotton phenology(2001~2016) under climate change in northern and southern Xinjiang were not completely similar：SOS and EOS in southern Xinjiang showed a delay-advancing-delay-advancing trend,and LOS was unsignificantly delayed;While SOS in northern Xinjiang were slightly advanced and EOS exhibited a delay trend followed by an advancing,LOS showed a shorten-lengthen-shorten trend.In addition,cotton phenology showed a strong correlation with the temperature：SOS and EOS were positively correlated with the beginning date of 15℃ and the end date of 10℃ respectively;SOS was negatively correlated with the spring temperature,while EOS had a positive correlation with autumn temperature.     

HJ-1A NDVI与MODIS NDVI时间序列提取植被物候特征对比研究

以HJ-1A和MODIS为数据源,通过动态阈值法提取物候特征参数,对HJ-1A NDVI和MODIS NDVI时间序列进行植被物候特征提取进行定性和定量比较,通过比较结果,提出HJ-1A NDVI数据在该应用中存在的问题,促进国产中空间高时间分辨率影像数据在植被物候信息提取研究中的应用,提高其在生态系统研究中的应用价值。结果表明:在SOS、EOS和LOS以及TOMS几个主要的物候时间点上,MODIS NDVI时间序列的标准差较小,所得物候数据更为集中,偏离度较小,所得物候数据较稳定;而HJ-1A NDVI时间序列所得物候数据的标准差较大,数据偏离程度较大,而在POS、BOS和AOS等表征植被生命周期中生长幅度数据上,其标准差较小,离散程度小。