混合发射天线选择的等增益传输系统优化设计

文中研究了混合发射天线选择的等增益传输(TAS-EGT)系统优化设计问题.根据信道衰落系数的排序统计特性,给出了TAS-EGT系统的平均接收信噪比,提出了最小发射天线数的计算方法.由于TAS-EGT系统的性能并非完全正比于射频链路数,因此文中提出了最优射频链路数的计算方法.仿真结果显示增加少量的发射天线可以节省大量的射频链路.因此,文中提出的算法可以降低系统的成本和复杂度,优化系统的性能以减少不必要的开销.     

结合发射天线重分组和接收天线选择的双空时发射分集系统的实现方案

对线性接收双空时发射分集系统提出一种新的接收天线选择方案,通信系统在增加较小的实现复杂度的情况下可以有效的改善系统的信道状态,抑制不同子数据流间的干扰,降低系统的误码率(BER).结合发射天线重分组(TAs)方案,不同子数据流间的干扰可以得到更好的抑制,系统性能得到进一步的提高.仿真表明,在增加较少的反馈信息冗余及系统硬件实现复杂度的情况下,系统的性能得到了很大的改善.     

WCDMA系统中闭环发射分集技术的性能研究

发射分集技术是WCDMA中的关键技术之一。就此对WCDMA系统中的开环和闭环两类发射分集技术给出了性能分析及仿真结果，揭示了这两类发射分集技术之间的关系，并且通过仿真比较了两种发射分集方法在存在反馈延迟和反馈比特量化误差条件下的误比特率性能。     

相关衰落信道下闭环发射分集方案的性能分析

未来移动通信系统采用的关键技术之一是发射分集技术，如WCDMA标准中采用了一种称作闭环发射分集的方案，用于下行信道传输。闭环发射分集方案使用了前向信道的相位与幅度的部分信息来选择天线的加权系数，在信道时变速率较小时，闭环发射分集的性能优于开环发射分集方案。在一般情况下，假设两个发射天线之间距离足够大，各个发射天线到接收天线的信道是不相关的，在基站这种假设是合理的。但如果在上行信道传输中(移动台到基站)应用闭环发射分集技术时，天线之间不相关的假设很难满足。本文基于对移动台配置多天线并应用闭环发射分集技术的考虑，研究在相关瑞利衰落信道下闭环发射分集技术的性能。蒙特卡罗仿真给出了不同相关系数下的性能曲线，并得出一个具有指导意义的结论。     

现代移动通信中发射分集技术研究

基于发送端多天线系统的发射分集技术是现代移动通信系统中抗信道衰落影响的一项关键技术。全面介绍发射分集技术的概念和实现方式,利用频率、时间、空间、极化、角度、调制等各种无线资源均可实现有效的发射分集方案,并且详细分析了各类典型的发射分集技术的特点和性能,理论分析有助于推广多天线发射分集系统在实际通信系统中的进一步应用。     

基于未量化加权值的闭环发射分集性能

基于未量化的加权值对闭环发射分集的性能进行了理论推导,并从未编码误比特率的角度对它在单径和多径Rayeigh衰落信道下的性能进行了仿真。结果表明,CLTD能有效地改善信号的接收性能,且比STTD表现优良,而当无线信道环境为高速移动信道,信道相关很差,它的性能急剧下降,不能时信号的接收有多少改善。     

基于最大比合并的MIMO分集系统递增天线选择算法

MIMO分集系统天线选择技术可以在不增加系统射频链路的情况下,达到与全天线几乎相同的分集增益.针对发送端采用最大比发送,接收端采用最大比合并的MIMO分集系统,提出了一种递增天线选择方法,每次增加一根天线,并使得它与已选出的天线结合起来具有最大的信噪比增益.相对于对所有可用天线集进行遍历的最优算法,它减小了需要搜索的范围和每次搜索的计算量,降低了复杂度;相对于功控天线选择算法,它考虑了新增天线与已选出天线集之间的相关性,改善了性能.仿真结果表明,在误比特率、信道容量和信噪比增益方面,此算法和最优算法性能相近,且不随可用天线数和选出天线数的改变而改变.     

结合波束形成与发射分集的闭环下行发射方案

多天线技术是提高下行发射性能的一种有效方法。波束形成(BF)和发射分集(TD)均通过使用多个天线来有效地改善系统性能并提高信道容量。该文提出了一种将BF和TD结合用于闭环通信系统的自适应下行发射方案, 它包括适合于慢变信道的分集阵列方法和适合于快变信道的波束形成阵列方法。基站可以根据实际的信道状况自适应地调整发射方法。文中详细地介绍了自适应方案的实现算法,并对算法的复杂度和适应环境进行了分析。仿真结果证明新方案可以同时获得BF增益和TD增益,在使系统的误比特率(BER)性能大幅提高的同时,增强了系统对信道变化的适应能力。     

采用最大比率发射技术的天线选择系统性能研究

Alamouti方案(ALS)是仅有满速率的正交空时分组码(STBC),通过天线选择技术和优化发射功率提高其性能.若发射端知道全部的系统信道状态信息(CSI),文章提出在发射端混合最大比率发射(MRT)分集技术和发射天线选择(TAS)技术.基于信道增益系数大小的Frobenius范数最大的天线选择准则,系统选择瞬时输出信噪比(SNR)最大的天线子集{NT,2;mr}工作.采用MRT对Alamouti编码的双天线发射功率进行优化分配.仿真结果表明:采用混合MRT和TAS两技术后,基于ALS的多天线系统的比特误码率(BER)性能和信道容量均得到了明显改善.这一结论对有充足CSI的通信系统用于克服信道影响和提高系统传输速率具有借鉴意义.     

WCDMA系统中前向发射分集技术研究

发射分集技术是WCDMA中的一种关键技术,在低速条件下可以大大提高下行链路的容量。本文介绍了WCDMA中使用的两种发射分集技术,并对其进行了分析,给出了相应的仿真结果。最后对两种分集技术进行了比较和总结。     

Performance analysis of hybrid transmit antenna selection/maximal‐ratio transmission in Nakagami‐m fading channels

Hybrid diversity systems have been of great importance because they provide better diversity orders and robustness to the fading effects of wireless communication systems. This paper focuses on the performance analysis of multiple‐input gle‐output systems that employ combined transmit antenna selection (TAS)/maximal‐ratio transmission (MRT) techniques (i.e., hybrid TAS/MRT). The probability density function, the moment generating function and the n ^th order moments of the output signal‐to‐noise ratio of the investigated diversity scheme are derived for independent identically distributed flat Nakagami‐m fading channels. The system capacity of the hybrid TAS/MRT scheme is examined from the outage probability perspective. Exact bit/symbol error rate (BER/SER) expressions for binary frequency shift keying, M‐ary phase shift keying and square M‐ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals are derived by using the moment generating function‐based analysis method. By deriving the upper bounds for BER/SER expressions, it is also shown that the investigated systems achieve full diversity orders at high signal‐to‐noise ratios. Also, by Monte Carlo simulations, analytical performance results are validated and the effect of feedback delay, channel estimation error and feedback quantization error on BER/SER performances are examined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

最大比发射/选择接收技术的性能研究

为了提高系统性能并降低接收端(移动台)的硬件复杂度,提出一种新的MIMO传输技术。即在发射端(基站)按最大比发射(MRT,maximal-ratio transmit)技术,接收端则基于信噪比最大的原则仅选择一根接收天线来处理信号,记作MRT/RAS(maximal-ratio transmit/receiver antenna selection)。根据随机矩阵和排序统计的最新理论,推导出瑞利衰落信道下MRT/RAS系统的中断概率、误码率(BER)等性能指标的确切表达式。仿真结果表明MRT/RAS系统可以取得很好的阵列增益及满分集增益。相同频谱条件下,性能超过某些复杂的空时编码系统。而且在准静态衰落信道下,信道估计错误对取得的分集阶数并没有影响。仿真试验也证明了分析结果的正确性。     

双发射天线选择正交空时码分集系统性能分析

针对任意Nakagami衰落信道,分析了多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中采用双发射天线选择正交空时码的平均误码率(ASER)性能。利用矩生成函数方法,推导出采用相干检测的二进制相移键控/二进制频移键控(BPSK/BFSK)、多进制相移键控(MPSK)和多进制正交幅度调制(MQAM)的精确ASER闭合解析式,对不同条件下的系统性能做了数值仿真,验证了分析结果的正确性。     

Diversity order of decode-and-forward MIMO relaying with transmit antenna selection

This article analyzes the diversity order of several proposed schemes, where the transmit antenna selection (TAS) strategies are combined with low-complexity decode-and-forward (DF) protocols in the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying scenario. Although antenna selection is a suboptimal form of beamforming, it enjoys the advantages of tractable optimization and low feedback overhead. Specifically, this article proposes schemes that combine TAS strategies with fixed decode-and-forward (FDF) and selection decode-and-forward (SDF) protocols. Following that, the asymptotic expressions of outage probabilities are derived and the diversity order of the proposed schemes analyzed. These kinds of combination of transmit antenna selection strategies and low-complexity decode-and-forward protocols can achieve partial diversity order in the MIMO relaying scenario. The numerical simulations verify the analysis.     

一种改进的大规模MIMO发射天线选择算法

为了降低天线选择算法在大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO）系统下的误码率和复杂度,以用户端接收的总功率为优化目标,提出一种最大化所有用户接收总功率的天线选择算法。该算法将优化目标函数转化为凸函数,并利用凸优化方法求得其有效解。仿真结果表明,所提天线选择算法与传统的最大和容量算法相比,具有较好的系统误码率性能,且运算复杂度低,但系统容量有所降低。     

Analysis of cooperative MIMO transmission system with transmit antenna selection and selection combining

Error performance of a cooperative system can be enhanced by using transmit and receive diversity techniques at transmission links. The number of transmit/receive RF chain pairs required to achieve full diversity can be decreased to one for each link by using transmit antenna selection (TAS) method at the transmitter and selection combining (SC) method at the receiver. Thus, hardware complexity of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) cooperative scheme can be significantly reduced when compared to systems that use TAS and maximum ratio combining (MRC). In this paper, we investigate the performance of an amplify‐and‐forward cooperative system where TAS/SC is utilized. We derive the probability density function (pdf) of end‐to‐end SNR of the system for Rayleigh fading channels. By using this pdf, we obtain the exact symbol error rate expressions for M‐PSK and M‐QAM modulations and the exact outage probability expression. We also obtain the asymptotical diversity order using upper and lower bounds of the outage probability expression and show that our system provides the same diversity order as the cooperative system where TAS/MRC is utilized. We verify our results via computer simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pilot-aided 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 space-time line code systems with transmit antenna selection

The space-time line code (STLC), which has been recently proposed in the literature, assumes fully known channel state information at the transmitter and not the receiver. However, the effective channel gain is still required at the receiver to coherently detect $M$-ary quadrature amplitude modulation ( $M$QAM) symbols. In this paper, we propose pilot-aided STLC systems, which do not require the effective channel gain at the receiver to detect the $M$QAM symbols. In order to further improve the error performance of the proposed schemes, we present the pilot-aided STLC systems with transmit antenna selection (TAS). Using a more direct and simpler approach, we derive the average symbol error probability (ASEP) of the coherent $1\times 2$ STLC systems with TAS, which represents the lower bound of the pilot-aided $1\times 2$ STLC systems with TAS. For comparison, in a similar manner, we also derive the ASEP of the coherent $2\times 2$ STLC systems without TAS, which represents the lower bound of the pilot-aided $2\times 2$ STLC systems. For pilot-aided $1\times 2$ STLC systems with TAS, the gap between the simulated symbol error rate (SER) and the derived theoretical ASEP lower bound is very small. For a given number of transmit antennas, the simulated SER and theoretical ASEP also show that the error performance of the pilot-aided $2\times 2$ STLC systems with or without TAS is superior to the pilot-aided $1\times 2$ STLC systems with TAS by at least 1.8 dB.     

多中继与多用户选择的中继系统安全性能分析

为了考察使用多中继选择与多用户选择的放大转发（AF）中继系统的物理层安全性能,推导了其在瑞利衰落信道上和联合发送天线选择/接收最大比合并天线分集下的非零安全容量概率和安全中断概率的精确表达式以及在高信噪比下的渐近安全中断概率解析表达式。AF中继系统的非零安全容量概率和安全中断概率的数值计算和仿真结果相吻合,验证了以上理论分析的正确性;分析结果表明,其安全分集增益为源节点发射天线数、最优中继节点接收天线数、中继节点数的三者乘积与最优中继节点发射天线数、最优用户接收天线数、用户数三者乘积之间的最小值,且与窃听信道无关。     

Analysis of diversity schemes employing antenna selection in the presence of channel estimation errors and feedback delay

The main objective of this paper is to provide an extensive and complete examination on the effect of practical impairments such as channel estimation errors (CEEs) and feedback delay (FD) on the performance of diversity schemes over Nakagami‐m fading channels. Under erroneous channel estimation and outdated feedback cases, statistical expressions and several performance metrics related to the post‐processing signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) are derived for four different diversity schemes: transmit antenna selection (TAS)/orthogonal space–time block coding, TAS/maximal‐ratio transmission (MRT), MRT/receive antenna selection (RAS), and joint transmit and RAS. Exact analytical expressions for outage probability and average error rates of M‐ary modulations are derived in order to provide insightful perspectives on the capacity and error performance of diversity schemes that experience both CEE and FD. The asymptotic diversity order of the investigated diversity schemes are derived via a high‐SNR approximation approach. In order to assess the real‐world performance of the investigated diversity schemes and to observe their robustness or sensitivities in practical imperfections, various configurations are considered together with several performance comparisons. Also, Monte Carlo simulations are performed in order to validate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.