水合肼还原芳硝基物的研究

以Pd C为催化剂 ,水合肼为还原剂研究了p 硝基乙酰苯胺、p 硝基氯苯以及 3 硝基 4 甲氧基乙酰苯胺的还原反应 ,反应在液相色谱跟踪下进行。80℃下p 硝基乙酰苯胺及p 硝基氯苯还原转化率达 10 0 %所需的条件分别为 :n(p NO2 C6 H4NHCOCH3)∶n(N2 H4H2 O) =1 0∶1 6、催化剂用量 11 33g (molp 硝基乙酰苯胺 )、反应时间 3h ;n(p NO2 C6 H4Cl)∶n(N2 H4H2 O) =1 0∶1 8、催化剂用量 10g (molp 硝基氯苯 )、反应时间 2 0min ;还原最终产物组成单一 ,均为相应的氨基物     

5-乙酰氨基-2-甲氧基硝基苯的水合肼还原研究

采用自制催化剂，水合肼为还原剂研究了5-乙酰氨基-2-甲氧基硝基苯的还原反应，反应在液相色谱跟踪下进行。80℃下5-乙酰氨基-2-甲氧基硝基苯的还原转化率迭99％，所需的条件分别为：n(C6H4NHCOCH3(OCH3)NO2)：n(N2H4H2O)=1：1．5、催化剂用量20g／mol 5-乙酰氨基-2-甲氧基硝基苯、反应时间6小时，还原最终产物组成单一，为相应的氨基物。     

Pt/C活性催化剂催化氢化合成6-氯-2-羟基喹喔啉

以对氯邻硝基乙酰乙酰苯胺为原料，在碱性条件下经环合及催化氢化合成6-氯-2-羟基喹喔啉。采用自制的Pt／C催化剂，考察了反应条件对产品收率的影响，在85℃，1．0～1．3MPa氢气压力下进行加氢还原反应，总收率89．6％(以对氯邻硝基乙酰乙酰苯胺转化为6-氯-2-羟基喹喔啉)。     

NiB／SiO2非品态合金催化剂用于合成3-苄氨基-4-甲氧基-乙酰苯胺

以3-氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺（AMA）、苯甲醛（BAD）为原料，采用负载型NiB/SiO2非晶合金催化剂，缩合加氢制备3-苄氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺（BAMA）。考察不同条件对催化剂活性的影响，同时对制备的催化剂和产物进行相关表征。优化工艺条件为：催化剂中Ni2＋：BH4-=1：2．5，n（AMA）：n（BAD）=1：1,1，m（cat）：m（AMA）=2.5％，反应温度55～600C，反应压力1．2MPa，BAMA收率可达92．7％。     

2,2-二(3-氨基-4-羟基)苯基丙烷的合成与结构表征

分别在Pd/C、FeOOH和FeCl3·6H2O/C三种不同催化剂存在下,由水合肼还原2,2 二(4 羟基 3 硝基)苯基丙烷(1)合成了2,2 二(3 氨基 4 羟基)苯基丙烷,筛选出成本低、收率高的理想催化剂为FeCl3·6H2O/C。当物料配比n(水合肼):n(1)=5:1,反应起始温度为70℃,反应时间为80min时,收率为93 0%。产物经重结晶纯化后,由元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振谱和质谱对其结构进行了表征,确证了产物的结构。     

NiB／SiO2非品态合金催化剂用于合成3-苄氨基-4-甲氧基-乙酰苯胺

以3-氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺（AMA）、苯甲醛（BAD）为原料，采用负载型NiB/SiO2非晶合金催化剂，缩合加氢制备3-苄氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺（BAMA）。考察不同条件对催化剂活性的影响，同时对制备的催化剂和产物进行相关表征。优化工艺条件为：催化剂中Ni2＋：BH4-=1：2．5，n（AMA）：n（BAD）=1：1,1，m（cat）：m（AMA）=2.5％，反应温度55～600C，反应压力1．2MPa，BAMA收率可达92．7％。     

SO4^2—改性交联蒙脱土固体酸催化合成水杨酸正丁酯

制备了SO4^2—改性硅锆双组分交联蒙脱土固体酸催化剂(SO4^2—／SiZrM)，用于水杨酸(C7H6O3)和正丁醇(C4H10O)的酯化反应，与传统酯化反应催化剂浓硫酸、磷钨酸、硫酸铁铵以及其他单组分交联剂交联的蒙脱土做酯化反应的催化剂相比，SO4^2—／SiZrM有更好的催化活性。考察了带水剂的选择、酸酵量比[n(C7H6O3)：n(C4H10O)]、催化剂用量[w(SO4^2—／SiZrM)]、反应时间(t)、反应温度(θ)对催化合成水杨酸正丁酯(C11H14O3)的影响，并对合成的产物进行了折光率、红外光谱分析。酯化反应的最佳条件为：C4H10O为带水剂、n(C7H6O3)：n(C4H10O)＝1：1．65、催化剂占酸投料质量的百分比为w(SO4^2—／SiZrM)＝6．5％、t＝6h、θ＝120～135℃，水杨酸的转化率可达88．22％，产物中w(C11H14O3)＞99．9％。     

3-(N-乙基-N-甲氧碳酰甲基)氨基乙酰苯胺的合成

以间氨基乙酰苯胺为起始原料,经乙醛乙基化,再与氯乙酸甲酯反应合成3-(N-乙基-N-甲氧碳酰甲基)氨基乙酰苯胺,并对合成工艺进行优化,得到较优工艺条件为:n(间氨基乙酰苯胺)∶n(乙醛)=1.0∶1.2,Pd/C(Pd质量分数5%)为催化剂,在氢气压力3.5 MPa,反应温度70℃下合成3-(N-乙基)氨基乙酰苯胺,收率为90.7%,色谱纯度为97.5%。以碳酸钠为缚酸剂,n〔3-(N-乙基)氨基乙酰苯胺〕∶n(碳酸钠)=1.0∶0.6,反应温度70℃下合成3-(N-乙基-N-甲氧碳酰甲基)氨基乙酰苯胺,收率为94.6%,色谱纯度为96.8%。     

加氢酰化法制备扑热息痛原料药

一、产品和技术简介： 对羟基乙酰苯胺是扑热息痛原料药。本技术采用将对硝基苯酚在醋酐中，Pd／c催化，还原硝基的同时逐步酰化氨基的方法制得对羟基乙酰苯胺。工艺条件成熟，过程简单，所得产品的质量好，收率高。     

水合肼催化还原对硝基苯乙酸的研究

研究了以水合肼为还原剂，FeCl3.6H2O/C为催化剂，对硝基苯乙酸还原为对氨基苯乙酸的反应。对反应条件的探讨表明，水合肼浓度为70％，pH值为5，回流8h，产率可达89％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。