高直链淀粉玉米籽粒特性对淀粉提取的影响及工艺优化

以普通和高直链淀粉（G50、G70）玉米籽粒为原料,利用近红外分析仪、X射线显微断层扫描（XMT）和扫描电镜（SEM）对籽粒性质和微观结构进行测定。结果表明,高直链淀粉玉米中淀粉含量低,蛋白质含量高,XMT表明高直链淀粉玉米密度和角质率大,而角质胚乳中淀粉和蛋白结合紧密,导致淀粉难以从蛋白质基质从释放出来,因此需要对工艺进行调整。探究浸泡时间、浸泡温度、SO2和乳酸添加量对G50和G70提取率和纯度的影响并优化工艺。G50最优工艺参数为：浸泡时间50 h、浸泡温度52 ℃、SO2质量分数0.2%、乳酸质量分数0.5%,此条件下提取率为85.40%,纯度为95.79%;G70最优工艺参数为：浸泡时间50 h、浸泡温度56 ℃、SO2质量分数0.2%、乳酸质量分数0.5%,此条件下提取率为83.70%,纯度为94.02%。     

规模化生产,加工优质蛋白玉米前景广阔

规模化生产、加工优质蛋白玉米前景广阔陕西省农科院粮食作物研究所（７１２１００）杨引福，刘引理玉米籽粒的蛋白质含量一般在１０％以下，比水稻（７．０％～９．０％）高，比小麦（１３．０％～１４．０％）低．但玉米蛋白质总量中醇溶性蛋白（玉米胶蛋白）占５０％～...     

普通玉米高油化对籽粒脂肪酸组分积累的影响

以3种高油玉米为授粉者,与2种普通玉米品种杂交,研究其籽粒形成过程中各脂肪酸组分含量的变化情况.结果表明,随着籽粒的成熟,饱和脂肪酸(棕榈酸、硬脂酸)和亚麻酸的含量不断下降,油酸和总不饱和脂肪酸的含量不断升高.与普通玉米自交相比,授高油玉米花粉的普通玉米籽粒成熟时含油量平均增加35.41％,油酸含量平均增加11.99％,硬脂酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量有所降低,杂交当代籽粒的总不饱和脂肪酸含量高于普通玉米自交的籽粒含量.说明高油玉米花粉的直感效应对普通玉米籽粒的脂肪酸组成有显著影响.     

近红外光谱分析技术在糜子品质检测中的应用

为寻找一种简便易行的糜子籽粒水分、淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量测定方法,以120个普通糜子品种为材料,采用近红外漫反射光谱(NIRS)法测定糜子籽粒水分、淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量进行了研究。结果表明,采用一阶导数+减去一条直线、矢量归一化光谱预处理,分别建立水分、淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量的校正模型,校正和预测效果最佳。模型的校正决定系数(R~2cal)分别为0.921 0、0.905 8,0.926 3和0.904 5,交叉验证决定系数(R~2cv)分别为0.921 0、0.900 2、0.940 0和0.881 2;外部验证决定系数(R~2val)分别为0.912、0.801、0.890和0.786。结果表明该模型代替化学分析法鉴定糜子品质是完全可行的。     

乳熟期鲜食玉米穗不同部位碳水化合物的变化

对乳熟期鲜食玉米穗不同部位碳水化合物的变化研究表明，籽粒中可溶性总糖（TSC）质量分数为先增加后降低，蔗糖（SUC）和TSC的变化趋势相似，淀粉质量分数逐渐增加，可溶性酸性蔗糖转化酶的活性先增加后降低．穗轴中SUC及TSC质量分数在授粉后任何时期总是高于籽粒，淀粉质量分数远低于籽粒．苞皮中TSC与SUC质量分数缓慢减少，在籽粒灌浆初期积累有大量的TSC，为籽粒迅速灌浆做出了贡献，淀粉质量分数远低于穗轴．鲜食玉米采收后应低温放置或及时加工，以抑制糖快速转化为淀粉，防止鲜食玉米品质下降．     

问：甜玉米乳饮料的制作技术？

答：甜玉米籽粒在乳熟期含糖量为10％～20％，比普通玉米高出好几倍；甜玉米还含有丰富的氨基酸、维生素、矿物质和油分。据分析，甜玉米的营养价值比青豌豆还高，被人们称之为“水果玉米”和“蔬菜玉米”。     

联合开发玉米饴糖 提高增值效益

为充分发挥本地玉米资源优势，利用玉米联产加工生产能力与糖果厂联合开发玉米治糖，提高了玉米增值率。1玉米是加工抬粮的优质原料1．1玉米的组成成份因品种、品质和成熟度不同各异，一般来说，玉米的主要成分是：淀粉60％～70％、糖1．5％～2．0％、蛋白质10％、油脂4．5％～55％、水分14％、纤维素3．0％、灰分1．5％，及其矿物元素。1．2玉米各部位生物化学成份：玉米籽粒不同部位的化学成份（每部分干物质的％）1．3玉米的不同品种与玉米生物化学的关系：（1）黄玉米的淀粉含量为65％～70％；（2）白玉米的淀粉含量为55％～65％；（3）…     

水稻籽粒蛋白质含量的高光谱估测研究

探索不同高光谱模型估测水稻籽粒蛋白质含量的精度,对于快速、无损、准确地监测水稻籽粒品质具有重要意义.在浙江省海宁市晚稻收获期同步采集了水稻籽粒光谱反射率与蛋白质含量数据,并分别对获取的数据进行了单波段相关分析、植被指数回归分析、神经网络模拟.通过分析得出以下结论:(1)水稻籽粒光谱反射率、微分光谱与对应的蛋白质含量密切相关.其中,在蓝光、红光和近红外处光谱反射率与水稻籽粒蛋白质含量的相关系数和确定性系数稳定且较高,而微分光谱与水稻籽粒蛋白质含量之间的相关系数和确定性系数变化较大,在500～750 nm间则相对稳定;(2)5种植被指数和水稻籽粒蛋白质含量均密切相关.线性模型的预测值与实测值之间的相关系数在0.44～0.55之间,均方根差在0.46～0.79之间;(3)神经网络模型可以容纳更多的相关波段参与水稻籽粒蛋白质含量的估算,实测值与预测值的相关系数高于其他模型,而均方根差低于其他模型,可以用于快速无损检测水稻籽粒蛋白质含量.     

高油玉米的综合开发

高油玉米籽粒的含油量高达7%～10%,作为一种新的油料作物,具有广阔的应用前景.对高油玉米与普通玉米的品质进行了对比,高油玉米籽粒不仅含油量高,而且蛋白质、必需氨基酸含量均高于普通玉米.介绍了玉米油的营养价值及提取工艺,玉米油是一种含有大量不饱和脂肪酸及维生素E的营养价值较高的食用植物油,它的传统提取工艺主要有压榨法和浸出法,基于传统工艺存在的问题,可采用新兴的水酶法提取工艺,该工艺设备简单,操作安全,污染少,所得清油品质高,与传统工艺相比有着无可比拟的优越性.高油玉米提取玉米油后,其淀粉可加工生产变性淀粉、酒精、淀粉糖、山梨醇、味精等多种产品,广泛用于食品、医药和化工领域.高油玉米不仅是提取高质量玉米油的原料,它还是一种优质饲料,所以开发高油玉米符合我国玉米结构调整、改进品质、增加效益的大方向,对我国农工贸一体的农业产业化起到重要的推动作用.     

温度对普通玉米和高油玉米挤压产品品质的影响

以膨化率、淀粉糊化度、蛋白溶解度和有效赖氨酸为指标评价了挤压膨化过程中温度对普通玉米和高油玉米营养价值的影响．试验结果表明：与普通玉米相比，膨化高油玉米能够得到更高的膨化率，其更容易进行膨化加工；温度升高，提高了两种玉米的淀粉糊化度水平，要得到相似的淀粉糊化度，高油玉米需要更高的膨化温度，高温膨化对高油玉米蛋白质溶解性的不利影响要小于普通玉米，而对氨基酸品质的不利影响则刚好相反。综合考虑以上几个评价指标，结合膨化加工过程中的能量消耗，建议膨化腔内达到90℃来膨化普通玉米，用135℃温度膨化高油玉米。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press