基于两个频点的水声信号盲源分离

实际水声环境中声纳接收到的信号是卷积混合信号。文章中将两个频点盲源分离原理应用到水声信号的盲源分离中，从而有效克服信号频域解卷积过程中的排序和幅度不确定性。仿真实验结果表明该方法对水声卷积混合信号具有良好的分离效果?文章中进一步研究了水声信号在不同信噪比条件下，基于两个频点盲源分离方法的分离性能。     

基于频域盲解卷的噪声信号分离

由于机械噪声传播过程中存在反射等多种因素影响，大多数情况下混合噪声分离更适合采用卷积模型，为此提出了一种多频点盲解卷算法。有别于传统的频域盲解卷算法，新算法利用有限的少数几个频率点直接从频域模型恢复出时域噪声信号。算法为瞬时混合盲分离。主成分分析一瞬时混合盲分离结构，首先对给定的每一个频率点执行瞬时混合盲解卷算法，获得噪声源的基本估计，然后再经过主成分分析和第二次盲源分离。提高分离性能和增加算法鲁棒性。由于算法不需要对所有频率点执行瞬时混合分离，计算量小，同时也不存在传统频域盲解卷算法排列顺序不确定性的缺点，具有较好的应用价值。仿真实验证实了新算法能有效地分离机械噪声信号。     

宽带盲波束形成与卷积混合盲源分离

盲波束形成是在不知道阵形，目标方位以及阵元响应等信息的情况下，只根据阵元输出恢复源信号。现有盲波束形成对窄带信号研究比较多。而对宽带信号盲波束形成论述较少。本文从信号模型，系统框图。处理的三方面说明盲波束形成与盲源分离近似，并指出卷积混合模型盲源分离完全可以作为解决宽带信号盲波束形成问题的一种通用方法。     

基于频域分解的水声信号宽带盲波束形成

盲波束形成算法可以在不知道阵的流型、信号及干扰方位的情况下,仅根据各阵元接收的数据恢复信号。由于水声信号为宽带信号,为了充分利用宽带信息,提出利用频域分解的方法获得满足窄带条件的信号,并利用窄带盲波束形成JADE（Joint Approximate Diagonalisation of Eigen-matrices）算法进行处理。对宽带盲波束形成算法进行了理论推导和仿真实验。研究结果表明,盲波束形成算法相对于常规波束形成在信号恢复方面有优越性。     

基于密度峰值聚类算法的模态参数识别

稀疏成分分析是解决欠定盲源分离问题的一种有效方法,其主要分为两步:计算振型矩阵和重构单模态信号。在计算振型矩阵时,针对无法预知源信号数量和高阶振动模态混叠的问题,利用一种基于密度峰值聚类算法识别模态振型。相比于传统的聚类算法,该方法具有以下特点:①利用决策图直观地选出聚类中心和聚类数目;②算法可以自动分离噪声点,对噪声不敏感。在重构单模态信号时,利用可以快速重构稀疏信号的SL0算法,重构出单模态时频域信号,提取出各阶模态频率。通过振动结构仿真算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于多个时间点联合解相关的卷积盲源分离

实际信号的混合均为卷积混合,且信号是非平稳的。盲源分离的目标就是找到一组分离滤波器,使得源信号的估计信号互相统计独立。结合信号的非平稳性,利用二阶解相关原理,文章阐明了一种在频域实现卷积混合的盲源分离算法,并且考虑了噪声对分离性能的影响。为了避免频点排列次序的不确定性,利用了多阶段盲源分离思想。利用该算法,对两路混合的实录水声信号进行盲分离,得到了两路源信号的估计信号,通过对估计信号的分析,利用信噪比提高率这一标准,验证了该算法的有效性。该算法收敛速度快,精度高,可用于浅海环境下实录水声混合信号的盲分离。     

基于相空间重构的浮标搜潜信号盲源分离算法研究

航空反潜是目前最主要的反潜手段之一,相比水面和水下探测手段具有无可比拟的优势.反潜机搭载的被动全向声纳浮标是在大面积海域实现对潜被动探测最主要的搜潜装备.针对单枚被动声纳浮标接收到多个水声目标信号的情况,提出了基于相空间重构的浮标搜潜信号盲源分离算法,该算法首先通过相空间重构和奇异值分解,构造了源信号不同线性叠加的虚拟观测信号,然后与原混合信号作为两路观测信号进行盲源分离.在分离出一个源信号后,重复上述步骤进行盲源分离运算直至分离出全部源信号,最后利用该方法进行盲源分离仿真试验,结果表明该方法对于浮标搜潜信息的盲源分离性能较好.     

基于DSS和FSWT的欠定信号识别方法研究

针对旋转机械信号分析时产生的欠定信号盲源分离问题,建立了一种基于频率切片小波变换(Frequency Slice Wavelet Transformation,FSWT)和去噪源分离(Denoising Source Separation,DSS)的欠定信号分析方法(FSWT-DSS),首先通过FSWT反变换重构出新的混合信号,有效解决欠定盲分离维数不足的问题,再应用DSS分离得到源信号,解决了欠定盲分离问题,同时解决了单独应用FSWT时进行时频分析的不足。算法仿真和应用实例验证了FSWT-DSS方法在实测故障信号分析中的有效性。     

基于EMMD的欠定旋转机械振动信号盲源分离

传统盲源分离算法通常基于观测信号数不小于源信号数的假设, 当观测信号数小于源信号数时, 盲源分离效果较差, 而欠定的甚至单通道信号的盲源分离问题普遍存在于旋转机械中, 针对该问题, 提出一种基于极值域均值分解的欠定旋转机械振动信号盲源分离算法。首先把欠定的观测信号进行极值域均值分解得到一系列本征模函数, 将欠定观测信号和其本征模函数组成多维信号, 作为新的观测信号实现升维;然后利用奇异值分解和贝叶斯准则进行源数估计, 最后利用基于四阶累积量的特征矩阵联合对角化方法实现信号的盲分离。仿真结果表明, 该方法能够有效地解决欠定观测信号的盲源分离问题。     

盲源分离技术及其水声信号处理中的应用

本文首先阐述盲源分离的基本概念,简述了盲分离技术的基本要点和目前分离算法的利弊,围绕水声信道环境的特殊性,提出了一种改进的频域盲分离算法,给出了一种解决频域次序不确定性的方法.进行了两种背景下的仿真实验,得到了比较理想的分离效果.     

一种用于语音增强的频域盲信号分离算法

研究了在未知声源信息和传声器空间位置的情况下,利用盲信号分离的方法实现语音增强。通过把基于信息论的信息最大化算法推广到频域,使得时域的卷积混合问题转变为频域的瞬时混合问题,进而就可以在每个频段分别进行独立分量分析,分离效果有明显改进,算法收敛性也得到提高。为了克服在频域中实现盲分离时所固有的位序不确定性和比例缩放问题对分离性能的严重影响,采用聚类的方法对每个频率段的分离结果进行排序。对真实环境中录制的语音、音乐混合信号和语音、语音混合信号进行了计算机仿真,分离之后使语音的信噪比提高了10-15dB,很好地实现了语音增强的目的。     

强混响条件下基于广义互相关的声源定位算法改进

针对特定声场环境,提出了一种强混响条件下基于广义互相关的声源定位算法的改进措施,即利用混响成分中包含的声源位置信息,提高声源定位的正确率。混响与噪声是影响声源定位的两个主要因素。目前声源定位的主要方法都是以降低信号中混响与噪声成分为目标的,如波束成形、空间谱估计以及到达时间差法等。其中,基于广义互相关的声源定位算法属于到达时间法的常用方法,具有实时性强与高鲁棒性的优势。本文采用镜像源模型对室内环境进行建模,分析声源到双麦克风的传播路径,利用混响中存在的声源位置信息剔除错误定位结果,从而提高定位正确率。最后,利用蒙特卡洛法对本文提出的方法进行验证,结果表明:该算法提高了强混响低信噪比条件下的声源定位正确率。     

Performance of blind channel estimation algorithms for space-frequency block coded multi-carrier code division multiple access systems

The problem of blind channel estimation for downlink space-frequency block coded multi-carrier code division multiple access (SFBC MC-CDMA) schemes is considered. For these schemes, the authors first develop a system model for complex modulated signals, which reduces the multichannel estimation problem to a single-input single-output problem. Then, they present an intuitive subspace-based channel estimation method along with the corresponding necessary and sufficient conditions under which the channel estimate is unique (within a complex scalar). Their studies highlight two interesting properties of SFBC MC-CDMA systems: (i) there is no antenna order ambiguity (also known as permutation ambiguity) even though only one spreading code is assigned to each user; (ii) channel identifiability is guaranteed, regardless of the channel zeros location. They also establish the unbiasedness of the channel estimates and derive closed-form expressions for the mean-square-error of the estimates as well as the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). In the derivation of the CRB, they suggest a novel approach which assumes the knowledge of only the spreading code of desired user. This approach results in a tighter bound than the CRB derived based on the knowledge of all users' signatures.     

结合主分量分析与DOA估计的语音盲分离

在欠定语音盲分离中,W-分离正交性假设通常使问题简化,但这种简化是以降低分离性能为代价。在语音信号满足近似W-分离正交性的假设下,提出利用主分量分析（PCA）检测只有一个源信号存在的时频点,检测出的时频点均满足W-分离正交性,因此提高了混合矩阵的估计精度。通过从混合矩阵中估计源信号的波达方向,可以较好地解决置换模糊问题。仿真结果表明,提出的方法与经典的DUET方法相比具有更优的性能,平均信干比提高了2.77dB。     

Directional velocity estimation using focusing along the flow direction. II: Experimental investigation

For pt. I see ibid., vol. 50, no. 7, p. 857 (2003). A new method for directional velocity estimation is investigated through a number of flow rig measurements. The method uses beam-formation along the flow direction to generate data, where the correct velocity magnitude can directly be estimated from the shift in position of the received consecutive signals. The shift is found by cross-correlating the beamformed lines. The approach can find the velocity in any direction, including transverse to the traditionally emitted ultrasound beam. The method is investigated using a flow rig with a peak velocity of 0.15 m/s. A 7-MHz linear array transducer is used together with a dedicated sampling system to acquire signals from 64 transducer elements simultaneously. A technique for obtaining 128-element data using multiplexing is also presented. The data is beamformed off-line on a PC. A relative standard deviation of 1.4% can be obtained for a beam-to-flow angle of 45/spl deg/ and 4.3% at 90/spl deg/. Color flow images are displayed showing that the correct velocity magnitude can be obtained with the method for beam-to-flow angles of 60 and 90/spl deg/ with an accuracy of 3 to 4%.     

Demodulation techniques for the amplitude modulated laser imager

A new technique has been found that uses in-phase and quadrature phase (I/Q) demodulation to optimize the images produced with an amplitude-modulated laser imaging system. An I/Q demodulator was used to collect the I/Q components of the received modulation envelope. It was discovered that by adjusting the local oscillator phase and the modulation frequency, the backscatter and target signals can be analyzed separately via the I/Q components. This new approach enhances image contrast beyond what was achieved with a previous design that processed only the composite magnitude information.     

Unified approach for rough phase measurement without phase unwrapping by changing the sensitivity factor

Phase evaluation is extraordinarily important in optical, acoustic and radar techniques where coherent signals are employed as information carriers. In most of the cases, phase information are obtained from an inverse trigonometric function and wrapped into ?π to π. A phase unwrapping process is thus required to obtain the final unwrapped phase which represents the ultimate physical quantity to be measured. One-dimensional phase unwrapping is easily achieved by adding or subtracting an integer multiple of 2π to the wrapped phase to establish a smooth phase map. Two-dimensional phase unwrapping, however, is quite troublesome and an elegant unwrapping routing should be chosen in most of the cases to deal with phase residues caused by noise and other error sources. It would be valuable if two-dimensional phase unwrapping can be avoided and the physical quantity obtained directly. In the past, researchers have proposed other methods such as the multiple wavelengths approach which incorporates information from multiple wavelengths to eliminate the need for phase unwrapping. In this study, we extend the multiple wavelengths approach by varying the sensitivity factor, which is more convenient and cost-effective, to achieve the aim of requiring no phase unwrapping. Furthermore, an elegant phase derivative approach is used to solve the phase ambiguity problem in the multiple wavelengths method. Both simulation results and real experiment data of shadow moiré and shearography demonstrate the usefulness of this method, especially for discontinuous surface profile measurements such as steps. Advantages and disadvantages for the proposed method are also discussed in this paper.     

房间内早期反射声方向分布的声强法测量

早期反射声的方向分布,对空间感音质参量的评价具有重要意义。室内音质不仅与反射声到达的时间、能量有关,而且与反射声到达的方向特性具有密切的关系,反映反射声方向特性的客观音质参量在音质评价中得到了越来越多的应用。根据声强测量的互谱法原理,论文提出采用不在同一平面上的任意四只传声器进行瞬时声强的测量,经合成得到各频带早期反射声方向分布特性的方法。该测量方法弱化了常规传声器阵列测试方法中对传输器位置的严格要求,同时也可有效降低由于传输器之间的相位不匹配带来的测量误差,因而更适合于现场测量。运用该测量方法,在消声中对单入射声条件下的入射方向进行了实验测量验证,表明其具有较高的准确性,同时对一实际房间中早期反射声的方向分布进行了测量,给出了直角坐标系中三个相互垂直平面上的反射声能量与入射方向的分布图。测量结果表明该测试方法可应用于实际房间中早期反射声方向分布的测量。