基于图像归一化的彩色图像空域零水印算法

为了有效实现对数字彩色图像的版权保护,本文提出了一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的数字图像空域零水印算法。首先利用基于矩的图像归一化技术将原始图像的绿色分量映射到几何不变空间内;然后以几何中心提取出归一化图像的重要区域;最后随机从重要区域提取特征像素与水印像素按位异或运算构造零水印。理论分析和实验结果表明,本文算法比以图像不变质心提取出归一化图像的重要区域的水印算法的性能更稳定,比基于离散小波同类零水印算法具有更强的抗剪切、几何变换、图像处理和常规信号处理攻击的能力。     

基于图像归一化的DFT域数字水印嵌入算法

抗几何攻击的鲁棒图像水印算法研究是一项富有挑战性的工作.本文以图像归一化理论为基础,提出了一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的DFT域数字图像水印方案.该方案首先利用基于矩的图像归一化技术将原始载体映射到几何不变空间内,并结合不变质心理论提取出归一化图像的重要区域;然后对重要区域实施分块离散傅立叶变换(DFT);最后结合幅值谱信息自适应确定水印嵌入位置,并利用量化调制策略将数字水印嵌入到重要区域的相位和幅值内.仿真实验结果表明,该数字图像水印方案不仅具有良好的不可感知性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理及几何攻击的能力.     

新的分形水印方案的研究

以基于矩的图像归一化技术及分形相关知识为基础,提出一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的数字水印新方案。方案利用归一化技术将原始图像映射到几何不变空间内,结合不变质心理论提取出归一化图像的重要区域;利用分形,通过调整DCT中频系数,将水印自适应地嵌入到重要区域的自相似块中。仿真实验结果表明,方案不仅具有较好的透明性,而且对常规信号处理和几何攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于归一化图像重要区域的数字水印方法

为了使数字水印能更有效鲁棒地抗几何攻击,以图像归一化为基础,提出了一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的数字图像水印方案。该方案首先利用基于矩的图像归一化技术将原始载体映射到几何不变空间内;然后结合不变质心理论提取出归一化图像的重要区域;最后根据人眼视觉特性及小波系数相关性,利用自适应量化调制策略将水印信息嵌入到归一化图像的重要区域内。仿真实验结果表明,该图像水印方案不仅具有良好的透明性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理及几何攻击的能力。     

基于图像归一化的轮廓域数字水印算法研究

为了使Contourlet域数字水印能有效地抵抗几何攻击,提高数字水印的鲁棒性,以图像归一化理论为基础,提出了一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的Contourlet域数字图像水印方案。该方案利用基于矩的图像归一化技术和不变质心理论提取出归一化图像的重要区域,对该重要区域进行Contourlet变换,根据Contourlet变换后图像系数的特性,用奇偶量化的方法将水印信息嵌入到Contourlet变换后中频子带上。实验结果表明,该方案不仅具有很好的透明性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理及几何攻击的能力。     

图像归一化与伪Zernike矩的鲁棒水印算法研究*

以基于矩的图像归一化技术及伪Zernike矩相关知识为基础,提出一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的数字水印新算法。算法首先利用归一化技术将原始图像映射到几何不变空间内;然后结合不变质心理论提取出归一化图像的重要区域;最后通过量化调制伪Zernike矩幅值将水印嵌入到重要区域中。仿真实验表明,该算法不仅具有较好的透明性,而且对常规信号处理(滤波、锐化、加噪和JPEG压缩等)和几何攻击(全局仿射变换、局部失真等)均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于Contourlet域特征点的抗几何攻击水印方法

有效抵抗几何攻击的水印算法是目前水印技术研究的难点之一,很小的几何变形就可能使大多数水印算法失效.对图像Contourlet变换和Harris-Affine算子的特性进行了分析和讨论,在此基础上提出了一种以仿射不变特征点的基于Contourlet的抗几何攻击水印算法.首先,用Contourlet变换提取出多尺度、多方向的纹理信息;再用Harris-Affine检测算子从变换域的中、低频方向子带中提取出仿射不变特征点,结合自适应局部结构的特征尺度确定特征区域,并用U变换对其归一化处理,水印就自适应地嵌入到归一化后的区域中;水印嵌入采纳矢量量化的策略,将水印信息重复嵌入到不同方向子带、多个不相交的局部仿射不变特征区域.检测时,利用特征点实现水印的重同步,采用多数原则来提取水印的位信息,无需求助于原始图像.仿真结果表明,算法不仅具有较好的透明性,而且对常规信号处理和去仿射攻击均具有较好的鲁棒性     

基于图像归一化的Contourlet域数字水印方案

Contourlet变换是一种全新的高维信号奇异性分析工具,其不仅具有良好的方向性和各向异性,而且能够高效率捕获图像几何结构.本文以Contourlet变换理论及图像归一化技术为基础,提出一种基于图像归一化的Contourlet域数字水印方案.该方案首先利用图像归一化技术将原始载体映射到几何不变空间内,并提取出归一化图像的重要区域;然后对重要区域实施Contourlet变换;最后根据人眼视觉特性及系数相关性,利用量化调制策略将水印信息嵌入到Contourlet域低频子带内.仿真实验结果表明,该数字图像水印方案不仅具有良好的透明性,而且具有较强的抵抗常规信号处理及几何攻击的能力.     

基于伪Zernike的归一化分形水印算法研究*

以归一化技术,分形编码技术及伪Zernike矩相关知识为基础,提出一种可有效抵抗几何攻击的鲁棒数字水印新算法。算法首先利用归一化技术和不变质心理论在图像中提取出重要区域;然后利用分形编码及设置的阈值将重要区域分成自相似性块和非自相似性块并计算自相似性块的伪Zernike矩,从中选出最鲁棒的矩;最后通过量化调制伪Zernike矩幅值将水印嵌入其中。仿真实验表明,算法不仅具有较好的透明性,而且对常规信号处理(滤波、锐化、加噪和JPEG压缩等)和几何攻击(全局仿射变换、局部失真等)均具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于SIFT和伪Zernike矩归一化的抗几何攻击水印

提出一种基于SIFT和伪Zernike矩归一化的抗几何攻击水印方案。首先用SIFT方法提取载体图像的特征点,筛选得到关键点。然后在关键点确定载体图像的方形子区域嵌入水印。嵌入时计算方形子区域的伪Zernike矩值,并对矩值作归一化处理,选择部分低阶矩幅值抖动量化嵌入水印。为抵抗几何攻击,检测前进行基于SIF关键点的几何失真校正,对校正后的图像提取水印。实验结果表明该算法对旋转、剪切、JPEG、压缩、噪声、中值滤波等攻击有很好的鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.