ABS/石墨复合材料的交直流导电特性及流变性能

研究了石墨填充丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)复合材料的直流(DC)和交流(AC)导电特性和线性粘弹行为。电性能测试结果表明,石墨体积分数为13.21%~16.36%时,ABS/石墨复合材料的DC电阻率突降6个数量级,说明发生电学逾渗;同时,AC电阻率在低频区不随频率而变化,且AC阻抗复平面图中阻抗实部与阻抗虚部呈现半圆弧,进一步证明导电网络的形成。流变性能测试结果表明石墨体积分数为10.24%~13.21%时复合体系的储能模量和复数黏度出现跳跃,损耗因子(tanδ)的峰值减小且逐渐向高频移动,说明复合体系从"类液态"转变为"类固态",发生流变逾渗现象。流变逾渗阈值小于导电逾渗阈值是因为传递电子时石墨之间的距离比阻碍聚合物分子链运动时石墨之间的距离小。     

导电粒子/聚硅氧烷悬浮体系的流变特性与粒子相结构演变行为

采用导电-流变行为同步监测的方法,对比研究炭黑(CB)、石墨烯(r GO)填充聚硅氧烷(PDMS)悬浮体系粒子相结构对应变剪切作用的响应规律。r GO/PDMS、CB/PDMS体系的模量与电性能随粒子含量增加呈现典型的逾渗行为;r GO质量分数约为1.5%时,导电网络结构基本形成,所需用量远低于CB填充体系(质量分数3.5%)。导电-流变同步监测结果表明,r GO粒子网络结构对振荡剪切作用非常敏感,γ0.3%时,导电通路即开始发生破坏,且这种被破坏的r GO导电网络结构在随后的递减应变扫描和100℃-5000 s热处理过程中很难回复。而受振荡剪切破坏的CB网络结构可瞬间回复。     

填充型导热复合材料中的双逾渗效应

以胶体石墨作为导热填料,以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、HDPE/聚丙烯(PP)、HDPE/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、HDPE/聚苯乙烯(PS)为基体制备了填充型导热复合材料。利用杨氏方程分析了石墨在合金中的分布情况,认为胶体石墨在HDPE/PS、HDPE/PMMA体系中会发生双逾渗现象。测试表明,固定石墨体积分数为23%,HDPE/PS/石墨的导热性能在PS体积分数23.1%时达到1.33W/m.K,相对纯HDPE体系提高了24.2%;以HDPE/PM-MA(体积比50/50)为基体得到的材料导热系数为1.57W/m.K,相对纯HDPE体系提高了46.7%。转矩流变和动态力学表征确认填料形成了空间网络结构。     

尼龙6/可膨胀石墨/Al_2O_3导热绝缘复合材料的制备与性能EI北大核心CSCD

低温可膨胀石墨(LTEG)呈二维片层状,具有优良的导热导电性,可以作为导热填料提高高分子材料的导热性能。文中将Al_2O_3与LTEG复配,与尼龙6(PA6)树脂复合,制备了导热复合材料。实验控制LTEG的用量低于其导电逾渗阈值,保证最终材料的体积电阻率在较高水平。熔融挤出过程中,LTEG原位膨胀、剥离形成石墨微片,石墨微片起到"桥梁"作用,与Al_2O_3粒子相互搭接,促进导热通路的形成,明显提高了材料的热导率。试样EA5/60 (5%LTEG+60%Al_2O_3)的热导率达到2. 019 W/(m·K),比纯PA6热导率提高了596. 2%。引入石墨微片使复合材料的体积电阻率降低2~3个数量级,保持在10^(12)~10^(13)Ω·cm。     

尼龙6/可膨胀石墨/Al_2O_3导热绝缘复合材料的制备与性能

低温可膨胀石墨(LTEG)呈二维片层状,具有优良的导热导电性,可以作为导热填料提高高分子材料的导热性能。文中将Al_2O_3与LTEG复配,与尼龙6(PA6)树脂复合,制备了导热复合材料。实验控制LTEG的用量低于其导电逾渗阈值,保证最终材料的体积电阻率在较高水平。熔融挤出过程中,LTEG原位膨胀、剥离形成石墨微片,石墨微片起到"桥梁"作用,与Al_2O_3粒子相互搭接,促进导热通路的形成,明显提高了材料的热导率。试样EA5/60 (5%LTEG+60%Al_2O_3)的热导率达到2. 019 W/(m·K),比纯PA6热导率提高了596. 2%。引入石墨微片使复合材料的体积电阻率降低2~3个数量级,保持在10~(12)~10~(13)Ω·cm。     

含碳复合体系的流变学性质和导电性质

利用高级流变扩展系统研究了含碳复合体系的流变学性质随温度的变化关系。研究发现,在逾渗阈值前后复合体系的流变学行为表现出很大的差异,高温时复合体系的储能模量随填充浓度的增加而急剧增大,损耗因子在100℃附近出现峰,峰位随碳含量的增加向高温方向移动,当体系浓度在逾渗阈值以上时趋于平坦;直流电导率和交流电导率测量表明电导逾渗阈值和流变学逾渗阈值非常相近;最后尝试对不同温度下的电导率-频率曲线进行了叠加。     

膨胀石墨-碳纤维/尼龙三元导热复合材料制备

以尼龙6（PA6）为基体,膨胀石墨（EG）和碳纤维（CF）作为导热填料,采用熔融共混法制备了EG/PA6、CF/PA6和CF-EG/PA6导热复合材料。重点研究当固定导热填料（CF和EG）填充量为40wt%时,CF与EG不同的填充比例对CF与EG的接触方式及CF-EG/PA6复合材料的导热性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,相比单一CF填充,EG的加入有利于CF-EG/PA6复合材料热导率的增加;CF:EG质量比是25:15时的EG-CF/PA6三元复合材料,热导率可以达到2.554 W/（m·K）,是PA6的8倍,拉伸强度提高了125.34%,弯曲强度提高了119.8%,同时具有优异的耐热性。SEM结果表明,纤维状CF与蠕虫状EG片层在适当的填充比例下可以形成"面接触"的三维网络结构,这种三维网络结构不仅显著增大EG-CF/PA6复合材料的热导率,而且明显提高了其力学性能和耐热性能。为研制填充型导热高分子材料提供了一条新思路。      

固相剪切碾磨对Al/低密度聚乙烯导热复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用固相剪切碾磨预处理结合熔融再加工技术制备了高性能铝粉(Al)/线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)导热复合材料,并与常规熔融共混法对比,系统研究了固相剪切碾磨对复合材料微观形态、结晶性能、热稳定性、流变特性、热导率和力学性能等的影响。结果表明:通过固相剪切碾磨实现了球形Al颗粒应力诱导变形为具有较大径厚比的片状,在基体中均匀分散且与其界面结合得以增强,同时这种大片状的铝粉在Al/LLDPE复合材料成型时更易有效接触形成导热网链并形成一定取向分布,特别是在高填充量下。因此Al/LLDPE复合材料拥有更好的结晶性能和热稳定性、更低的流变逾渗阈值、更高的热导率和力学性能。固相剪切碾磨预处理制备的Al/LLDPE复合材料在铝粉含量超过15%就出现流变逾渗现象,且当Al填充质量分数80%时,复合材料的热导率高达8.86 W/(m·K),拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为33.0 MPa和31.2 MPa,都明显优于常规熔融共混复合体系,同时其初始分解温度也提高了近13℃。     

拉伸速率和温度对填充PECH复合体系模量的影响

研究了填充ＰＥＣＨ复合体系的弹性模量在不同测试温度和拉伸速率下随填料体积分数和粒子间距离的变化规律，同时考察了粒子堆积方式对弹性模量的影响，并运用逾渗理论解释了实验结果，测试温度和拉伸速率对体系的弹性模量有显著的影响，临界粒子间距离是温度和拉伸速度的函数，而且与粒子堆积方式相关，拉速和温度对填充聚合物复合体系中逾渗过程的影响具有等效性。     

原位膨胀法制备PMMA/EG复合材料及其导电和流变性能的研究

使用低温可膨胀石墨,通过"原位膨胀-机械剥离"的方法制备了PMMA/EG复合材料,研究了可膨胀石墨含量对其电导率的影响。电导率、SEM、动态流变等测试表明膨胀后的石墨片层在树脂基体中分散良好;从10~20 phr开始,石墨鳞片相互接触形成网络结构显著地提高电导率,最高达12个数量级。采用原位膨胀法可以制备逾渗阈值较小的导电复合材料,填充少量低温可膨胀石墨就可以大幅度提高PMMA电导率。     

鳞片石墨取向对鳞片石墨/聚丙烯、鳞片石墨/尼龙66复合材料导热性能的影响

为了研究鳞片石墨在基体中的取向对复合材料导热性能特别是不同方向导热性能的影响,通过双螺杆挤出混合及注射成型制备了鳞片石墨/聚丙烯（PP）、鳞片石墨/尼龙66（PA66）导热复合材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜和超声波测试对制备的样品进行了分析。结果表明：鳞片石墨的粒径越小,平面取向度越高,平面与垂直方向的热导率差值越大。加工中双螺杆挤出机的过度剪切会破坏鳞片石墨的片层结构,影响鳞片石墨导热网络的形成,降低复合材料的热导率,但提高了材料导热的各向均匀性。适度的剪切可以打开鳞片石墨的片层结构,提高复合材料的热导率,注射成型更多影响到制品导热的各向异性。     

膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料有效导热系数的数值计算

通过膨胀石墨粉与石蜡混合制备相变复合材料可有效提高该储能材料的传热性能。为研究膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的导热机制,提出了膨胀石墨粉与石蜡混合后的3尺度层次固体有效导热系数计算方法。然后,通过数值模拟计算得到了具有不同体积分数和不同导热系数的膨胀石墨导热颗粒的膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数。结果表明:膨胀石墨能够有效地提高石蜡的导热性能,当膨胀石墨的体积分数为10%时,膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数是纯石蜡的9倍。此外,提高底层尺度的石墨片与石蜡的混合程度及降低底层尺度石墨的体积分数都能有效提高膨胀石墨/石蜡相变复合材料的有效导热系数。所得结论为探究膨胀石墨粉提高相变复合材料导热系数的机理奠定了基础。     

Thermal percolation in stable graphite suspensions

Different from the electrical conductivity of conductive composites, the thermal conductivity usually does not have distinctive percolation characteristics. Here we report that graphite suspensions show distinct behavior in the thermal conductivity at the electrical percolation threshold, including a sharp kink at the percolation threshold, below which thermal conductivity increases rapidly while above which the rate of increase is smaller, contrary to the electrical percolation behavior. Based on microstructural and alternating current impedance spectroscopy studies, we interpret this behavior as a result of the change of interaction forces between graphite flakes when isolated clusters of graphite flakes form percolated structures. Our results shed light on the thermal conductivity enhancement mechanisms in nanofluids and have potential applications in energy systems.     

膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变材料相变过程的热分析

利用膨胀石墨的层状结构及其高热导率制备了膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变储能材料。采用层状复合材料的热传导模型,通过ANSYS软件对膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变材料的相变过程进行数值模拟。结果表明,与纯石蜡相变材料相比,膨胀石墨/石蜡复合相变材料中加入膨胀石墨的强化传热性能效果很显著。     

Elevated temperature thermal conductivities of some as-cast and austempered cast irons

The aim of this study was to provide insight on thermal conductivity of three cast iron groups, namely lamellar, compacted and spheroidal graphite irons at elevated temperatures up to 673?K (400°C) in as-cast and austempered states. Austempering treatments increased mechanical properties of all the studied materials while decreasing thermal conductivity across the line. The effects of austempering on conductivity were lower for grey and compacted graphite iron than for spheroidal graphite irons. The results indicate that heat treating can be a viable option in increasing cast iron performance in thermally stressed applications. One ferritic low-silicon spheroidal graphite iron surpassed lamellar graphite iron in conductivity at elevated temperatures, while high-silicon spheroidal graphite irons exhibited low conductivities.     

Thermal properties measurement and heat storage analysis of paraffin/graphite composite phase change material

This study aims at the preparation of a paraffin/graphite waste composite for thermal energy storage application at low temperature. In this composite material, the paraffin is characterized by high phase change latent heat and graphite serves as the heat transfer promoter. An investigation by means of a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), a periodic temperature method and a heat storage/release performance unit was conducted in order to measure the phase transition properties, the thermal conductivity and the melting time of the paraffin/graphite waste composites respectively. Experimental results indicated that the melting temperature did not change with the change of the amount of paraffin. On the other hand, the latent heat of phase change material increased with the increasing of the paraffin content. Furthermore, the heat transfer in the composite material during the heat storage process was enhanced through thermal conductivity improvement.     

Effective thermal conductivity and rheological characteristics of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids with single-walled carbon nanohorn inclusions

In this study, we report the effective thermal conductivity and rheological behavior of ethylene glycol with single-walled carbon nanohorn inclusions. The thermal conductivity and viscosity was found to increase with respect to nanohorn loading. Maximum thermal conductivity enhancement of ～11% at a nanohorn loading of 1.5 vol% was obtained in this study. The viscosity of nanofluids increase with respect to nanohorn loading and decreases with respect to shear rate which indicates the non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior at higher nanohorn loading. Finally, the effectiveness of nanofluids was calculated for laminar and turbulent regions to predict the heat transfer performance and favorability of these nanofluids. The present nanofluids are favorable upto 0.1 vol% in the laminar region. However, these nanofluids are not favorable for turbulent region and loadings beyond 0.1 vol% due to higher viscosity enhancement.     

Specific rheological and electrical features of carbon nanotube dispersions in an epoxy matrix

The rheological analysis of epoxy pre-polymer/MWCNT dispersions indicates that a physical network is formed. This is destroyed with an imposed shear, giving a viscoplastic and shear thinning behavior. Such destruction is not reflected in dynamic viscoelastic experiments, due to the very rapid recovery of the MWCNT network in the pre-polymer matrix. This responds to the observed lower electrical than rheological percolation threshold. Electrical conductivity results fulfill electron hopping/tunnelling mechanism, which implies a tube–tube distance close to 5 nm. However, rheological percolation requires nanotubes should touch each other, since no polymer chains are implied in the network.     

Thermal Relaxation of 3He Solid Films Adsorbed on Graphite

No Heading The thermal conductivity between the ³He solid films and the graphite substrate was measured by the relaxation method between 100 K and 1 mK. The areal-density depedence of the thermal conductivity shows behavior similar to that of the exchange frequency J both in the submonolayer and in the second layer. These facts indicate that heat is transferred by magnetic mechanisms in the ³He solid film itself. They also imply that the ³He solid film is thermally connected with the graphite substrate only at some local spots.PACS numbers: 67.70.+n, 67.80.Gb