氟化钠处理对炭/炭复合材料磷灰石生物活性涂层的影响

通过声电沉积工艺在炭/炭复合材料表面制备钙磷生物活性涂层, 采用扫描电镜、 X射线能谱仪、 X射线衍射仪、 红外光谱等方法研究了氟化钠处理前后钙磷生物活性涂层的形貌、 结构和组成。实验结果表明: 氟化钠能促进磷酸三钙转化为含氟羟基磷灰石(FHA), 并提高涂层结晶度; 经氟化钠处理后, 羟基磷灰石(HA)的(112)、 (300)衍射峰明显增强, 涂层是HA和FHA的混合物。氟化钠处理前后涂层表面形貌均为片状晶体, 但处理后其颗粒尺寸增大; 氟化钠处理后涂层与基体的结合强度略有增强, 结合强度可达4.08MPa, 涂层氟的含量为4.59wt％。分析了炭/炭复合材料表面HA转变为FHA的反应机制。采用氟化处理HA制备FHA涂层时, 应加入磷酸盐保持整个反应过程的pH值不变。      

Slip casting of Al2O3 and Al2O3/ZrO2 composites

Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ composites have been fabricated by slip casting from aqueous suspensions. The physical and structural characteristics of the starting powders, composition of the suspensions, casting behaviour, microstructure of the green and fired bodies and the mechanical properties of the products were investigated. The addition of ZrO₂ to Al₂O₃ leads to a significant increase in fracture toughness when ZrO₂ particles are retained in the tetragonal form (transformation-toughening mechanism) but when microcracking (due to the spontaneous transformation of ZrO₂ from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic one) is dominant, an excellent toughness value is accompanied by a drastic drop in strength and hardness.     

Fabrication of Al/Al2O3 composites and FGM

Al/Al2O3 composites of different ratios were hot-press sintered at 575 similar to 640℃ under a pressure of 30 MPa for 2 h in a vacuum furnace. It was found that the relative density of the Al/Al2O3 composites could be increased evidently with the rise of sinter temperature. No reaction occurred between Al and Al2O3 at the sinter temperatures. Under 640℃-30 MPa-2 h experimental condition, Al/Al2O3 system FGM was successfully fabricated, and its density range changed quasi-continuously from 2.887x10(3) kg/m(3) to 3.1909x10(3) kg/m3 within the middle 1.0 mm thickness range.     

Impact of graphite particle on milling of Al/15Al2O3 and Al/15Al2O3/5Gr composites

ABSTRACT

Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are a new class of composites, formed by a combination of the metal matrix and more than one type of reinforcement having different properties. Machining of MMCs is a difficult task because of its heterogeneity and abrasive nature of reinforcement, which results in excessive tool wear and inferior surface finish. This paper investigates experimentally the addition of graphite (Gr) on cutting force, surface roughness and tool wear while milling Al/15Al₂O₃ and Al/15Al₂O₃/5Gr composites at different cutting conditions using tungsten carbide (WC) and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) insert. The result reveals that feed has a major contribution on cutting force and tool wear, whereas the machined surface roughness was found to be more sensitive to speed for both composite materials. The incorporation of graphite reduces the coefficient of friction between the tool–workpiece interfaces, thereby reducing the cutting force and tool wear for hybrid composites. The surface morphology and worn tool are analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface damage due to machining extends up to 200 µm for Al/15Al₂O₃/5Gr composites, which is beyond 250 µm for Al/15Al₂O₃ composites.     

Multilayer composites in Al2O3/MoSi2 system

A new multilayer composite with a super-plastic layer, a hard layer and a weak interface was proposed. The hard layer can provide the strength of the multilayer composites at high temperature, the plastic layer can deform plastically at high temperature and disperse the applied stress and stop the advance of the crack, and the weak interface can deflect the propagating crack at room temperature. Such multilayer composites were prepared by tape casting in the Al₂O₃/TiC/MoSi₂–Mo₂B₅ system. It was found that such design is effective on the increase of fracture energy both at room temperature and at high temperature, and the strength at high temperature could be remained in a relatively high revel.     

Cyclic oxidation of FeCrAlY/Al2O3 composites

Abstract

Three-ply composites consisting of a FeCrAlY matrix and continuous single crystal Al₂O₃ (sapphire) fibers were cyclically oxidized at 1,000° and 1,100°C for up to 1,000 1-h cycles. FeCrAlY matrix only samples were also fabricated and tested for comparison. Fiber ends were exposed at the ends of the composite samples. Following cyclic oxidation, cracks running parallel to and perpendicular to the fibers were observed on the large surface of the composite. In addition, there was evidence of increased scale damage and spallation around the exposed fiber ends, particularly around the middle ply fibers. This damage was more pronounced at the higher temperature. The exposed fiber ends showed cracking between fibers in the outer plies, occasionally with Fe and Cr-rich oxides growing out of the cracks. Large gaps developed at the fiber–matrix interface around many of the fibers, especially those in the outer plies. Oxygen penetrated many of these gaps resulting in significant oxide formation at the fiber–matrix interface far within the composite sample. Around several fibers, the matrix was also internally oxidized showing Al₂O₃ precipitates in a radial band around the fibers. The results show that these composites have poor cyclic oxidation resistance due to the CTE mismatch and inadequate fiber–matrix bond strength at temperatures of 1,000°C and above.     

Al2O3/Al composites produced by directed melt oxidation using Zn containing external dopants

Al₂O₃/Al composites have been produced by the directed melt oxidation of Al with externally applied Zn containing dopants. Zn, ZnO and ZnAl₂O₄ are all shown to be capable of initiating the directed melt oxidation of Al without any Mg being present. The external surfaces of the reaction products were covered with a layer of ZnO overlaying a layer of ZnAl₂O₄, however, no Zn was observed within the composite bodies. Doping with ZnO or ZnAl₂O₄ resulted in a fine, dense ceramic microstructure and the amount of growth increased with increasing firing time and increasing ZnO or ZnAl₂O₄ content. Doping with Zn resulted in significantly less dense composites to those produced using ZnO or ZnAl₂O₄ and thus in the Zn system oxide and spinel dopants offer a significant advantage over using metallic Zn.     

Processing and properties of Y-TZP/Al2O3 composites

The processing and property measurement of Y-TZP/Al₂O₃ ceramic-ceramic composites was investigated. The wet chemical synthesis route was adopted for the preparation of 3Y-TZP matrix dispersed with Al₂O₃ in three different volume fractions. Characterization of the resultant powders was carried out and their densification behaviour was studied by sintering in air in the temperature range 1200–1600 °C. The role of alumina as grain-growth inhibitor for Y-TZP, and the mechanical response of these ultrafine-grain ceramic composites in terms of K_lc characteristics, have been discussed.     

Mechanical properties of Al2O3/Ni laminated composites

Al₂O₃/Ni laminated composites were prepared by aqueous tape casting and hot pressing with intent to study mechanical properties including the fracture strength and toughness. The residual stress was evaluated and proved. The relations of mechanical properties with the thermal residual stress, the ductility of metal layers and the layer thickness ratio were studied, respectively. It was found that the toughness and work of fracture of Al₂O₃/Ni laminar reached to 12.56 MPa m^1/2 and 12 450 J m^− 2, which are 3.6 and 478.8 times that of pure Al₂O₃.     

Ti/Al2O3复合材料制备及其力学性能

利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了性能优异的40%(体积分数)Ti/Al2O3复合材料,其弯曲强度、断裂韧性、显微硬度和相对密度分别为897.29MPa、17.38MPa·m1/2、17.13GPa和99.24%.SEM和HREM对复合材料的微观结构分析发现,晶粒细化、位错环强化等是材料强度提高的主要原因;裂纹的偏转和桥联是材料韧性提高的关键所在.     

The fibre distribution of Al2O3/Al–Cu alloy composites

Two methods which rely on direct microstructural measurements to assess the fibre distribution in alumina continuous fibre-reinforced Al–Cu alloy composites produced via an infiltration process, are outlined. The first is based on distance analysis, i.e. the distance distribution of nearest neighbours; and the second is based on fibre–cell structures. Specimens with two fibre volume fractions, 0.39 and 0.50, were employed in this study. It was found that the fibres in both kinds of specimen appear to have a rough thread-like distributions, and the local volume fraction of the fibres varies over a larger range in the specimen with lower fibre volume fraction than does that in the specimen with the larger one. Quantitative relationships between fibre distribution and the composite defects are deduced. Some data on the microsegregation of copper and the macrosegregation of eutectic phase are given in relation to the fibre distributions. The reasons for the uneven fibre distributions are also discussed.     

The mechanical properties of laminated microscale composites of Al/Al2O3

The tensile properties, at both room and elevated temperatures, of laminated thin films containing alternate layers of aluminium and aluminium oxide were investigated. At room temperature the strength of the films followed a Hall-Petch type relationship dependent on the interlamellar spacing, and the strength could be extrapolated from data for conventional grain size aluminium. At the finest interlayer spacing of 50 nm, the strength was equivalent to/70, where is the shear strength of aluminium and the samples exhibited very extensive ductility. At elevated temperatures, cavitation became an important deformation mechanism but it occurred preferentially at Al/Al rather than Al/Al₂O₃ boundaries. The microstructure of the films was probed using transmission electron microscopy and fractography was used to investigate deformation and fracture mechanisms.     

Synthesis and characterization of Al-Zn/Al2O3 nano-powder composites

Composites consisting of Al-Zn/Al2O3 have been synthesized using high energy mechanical milling. High energy ball milling increases the sintering rate of the composite powder due to increased diffusion rate. Owing to the finer microstructure, the hardness of the sintered composite produced by using the mechanically milled nanocomposite powder is significantly higher than that of the sintered composite produced by using the as-mixed powder. The mean crystallite size of the matrix has been determined to be 27 nm by Scherrer equation using X-ray diffraction data. The powders have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The effect of high-energy ball milling and subsequent annealing on a mixture of Al and ZnO has also been investigated. DTA result show that the reaction temperature of Al-ZnO decreases with the increase in the ball milling time.     

Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料的高温变形行为

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机和透射电子显微镜研究了变形温度为300~900℃,应变速率为0.01~10s-1条件下Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料的高温流变行为和组织演变规律,并利用Arrhenius关系和Zener-Hollomn参数构建了合金的峰值屈服应力、变形温度和应变速率三者之间的本构方程。结果表明:Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料的流变应力-应变曲线为典型的动态再结晶类型,其曲线由加工硬化、动态软化和稳定流变3个阶段组成,当变形温度一定时,流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,而当应变速率固定时,流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小;求解得到复合材料的结构因子lnA为15.2391,应力水平参数a为0.020788mm~2/N,应力指数n为5.933035,变形激活能Q为2.1697×10~5kJ/mol;随着变形温度的升高,基体内位错密度逐渐下降,并呈现出明显的再结晶特征,而当固定变形温度时,随着应变速率的增大,基体内位错密度呈先增大后下降趋势。基于微观组织演变和热加工图,Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料的最佳热加工参数范围为热加工温度500~850℃、应变速率低于0.1s-1。