基于改进粒子群算法的共形阵列天线综合

共形阵列天线的赋形方向图综合涉及大量的运算,成为现在研究的一大难点,目前对共形阵方向图综合的研究比较少,且所用算法存在理论复杂、耗时长的缺点。文中运用改进粒子群算法对圆环阵、圆柱阵方向图的综合进行了研究,仿真结果表明,改进粒子群算法能够较快地形成期望方向图,证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

混合BMO算法用于紧耦合甚低频直立阵去耦优化

提出了一种基于混合蝴蝶交配优化（butterfly mating optimization，BMO）算法抑制阵列天线互耦的新方法.该方法首先根据建立的阵列天线的非线性优化模型，对优化变量进行分组排序，利用二进制BMO算法对模型馈线进行稀布优化；其次，为平衡全局搜索和局部寻优能力，在标准BMO算法的基础上赋予蝴蝶个体均匀混沌初始化和自适应变位移机制，对天线结构进一步优化.将所提方法应用于二元甚低频（very low frequency，VLF）紧耦合伞形天线阵，结果表明:所提方法能够有效改善相控时阵元的辐射电阻，组阵增益接近理论值，提升了阵列天线的波束合成性能.该方法为大型阵列天线互耦抑制提供了新思路.     

Reflector radiation pattern from planar near-field measurements of array feed

High gain shaped beam antennas for satellite frequency reuse applications are almost exclusively obtained by the use of complex multielement feed arrays to provide pattern control in conjunction with offset reflectors to remove blockage effects. In the design of complex multielement feed arrays for offset reflectors, the element excitations are usually synthesized using the isolated element properties. Proper performance of the array often requires that these theoretical excitations be modified to account for the effects on the feed elements due to the array environment. Near-field planar probing of the fields of the feed array have been found to provide an efficient and accurate method of predicting the secondary performances, including cross polarization and axial ratio. The nearfield measurement technique, moreover, provides an extremely effective method of determining the element performance and for determining the required compensation for desired antenna performance.     

Synthesis of Thinned Multiple Concentric Circular Ring Array Antennas using Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper, we propose an optimization method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for thinning a large multiple concentric circular ring array of uniformly excited isotropic antennas and generate a pencil beam in the vertical plane with minimum relative side lobe level (SLL). The half-power beam width of the pattern is attempted to make equal to that of a fully populated array of same size and shape. The synthesis is performed with a standard particle swarm optimization technique as well as with an improved version of standard PSO. Simulation results of the proposed thinned array are compared with a fully populated array to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.     

Low sidelobe precise beam aspect ratio scalar horns

A new design method for developing either linearly or circularly polarized low sidelobe corrugated sectoral horn antennas is described. These antennas may be designed to provide constant beam aspect ratios (BAR's) ranging from 2:1 to 5:1. Such performance is achieved over bandwidths of up to 21 percent for dual-linear polarization and 17 percent for circular polarization. Potential applications include use in communication satellite reflector systems where beam shaping, frequency reuse, or high adjacent beam isolation is required. Selecting aperture phase distribution rather than simply minimizing aperture phase error is the key to obtaining these results. Mechanical design and performance data are presented to facilitate fabrication of antennas that satisfy a wide range of performance requirements.     

宽带相控阵天线延迟线分析

采用频率无关移相器的相控阵天线的波束指向会随频率发生变化,实时延迟线是提高宽带相控阵天线波束指向精度的重要方法。分析了子阵级采用延迟线,单元级使用移相器的宽带相控阵天线副辫特性,发现当工作频率改变时,由于阵列存在周期相位误差导致天线副瓣电平抬高。针对此问题,提出单元级精细延迟线方案,消除周期相位误差对天线副瓣的影响。仿真结果表明,这种方法在扩展相控阵天线带宽的同时,明显改善了天线的副瓣特性。     

一种宽带数字相控阵天线比幅曲线的设计方法

随着宽带数字化技术的发展,如何利用宽带DBF 技术在电子对抗领域中进行精确测角测向一直是研 究的热点。文中论述了一种宽带数字相控阵天线比幅曲线的优化设计方法,从多波束类型的选择出发,分析了和和 交叠电平的选择、空域覆盖和增益覆盖的取舍等问题,并且通过对雷达探测领域和差比幅曲线绘制方法的演化,得 到宽带数字和和比幅曲线的绘制方法,分析了基于正弦空间的多波束比幅曲线、中心频点的频率转移、侦察频点的 频率转移等问题,最终仅用一条标准比幅曲线进行装订即可解决宽带带宽内和扫描空域内的所有和和比幅测角问 题,该设计方法拟制的宽带多波束比幅曲线,可应用于宽带数字相控阵体制的雷达探测或电子对抗领域,在简化比 幅曲线数量、减少比幅曲线存储空间、提升比幅测角测向精度等方面均有明显的优势。     

Phased array antennas for mobile communications

An antenna system including antenna elements and a tracking method is considered a key technology in mobile communication systems. A phased array antenna has been considered the most favorite candidate because of many attractive characteristics such as a low and compact profile, high-speed tracking and potentially low cost performance for vehicle antennas in mobile communications. On the other hand, it has several such disadvantages as beam steering error, loss in feed lines and an increase of noise level in a receiving frequency band. Some of phased array antennas have already been used in satellite communications, and some of them are under development. This paper overviewed basic performance and some examples of phased array antennas for especially satellite mobile communications.     

用遗传算法综合波束赋形基站天线

本文利用遗传算法对不等间距阵列天线进行优化,实现了一种赋形波束基站天线。天线模型用矩量法分析,并采用遗传算法综合天线方向图.在优化过程中通过合适的目标函数,保证了天线较好的频段特性,并压制干扰区副瓣、填充服务区零值、控制后瓣。优化后天线在整个工作频段上实际性能为:上副瓣小于－18.32dB,填充零点大于－14.71dB,前后比小于－26dB.与以前的方法相比,本文的结果更接近实际情况,并且该方法可应用于较复杂的天线.本文中的结果对工程和理论研究都有重要意义.     

基于二阶锥优化方法的MIMO阵列发射方向图设计

由于MIMO 阵列发射方向图通常是由期望方向图优化出信号协方差矩阵来实现,其方法运算量大且算法性能依赖参数选取等。该文提出利用基于二阶锥优化(second-order cone programs)方法的主瓣宽度约束条件下最低旁瓣波束形成构造出一组较低旁瓣的基波束,在集中式MIMO阵列的任意发射方向图可以由一组基波束合成的基础上,应用线性规划方法快速求解出构成发射方向图的基波束的比例系数。该方法设计的方向图具有更低的旁瓣和更加平滑的主瓣指向,仿真结果证实了方法的有效性。     

Double-plane pattern enhancement of rectangular slotted waveguide antennas using slotted concave surfaces

Conventional slotted waveguide antennas are well known and prominently used for many military and even marketable applications. This is due to their different advantageous electrical and mechanical characteristics. It is also well known that this type of antennas is a typical array of slots with which the width of the main beam can be controlled in only one plane by using a different number of elements in such antennas. Numerous research, discuss the capability of using an array of such antennas in order to narrow down the main beam in both planes and even achieve a scanning phased array. In this paper, a new and broader approach is presented concerning beam width control of the typical configuration of such antennas. This work presents the ability to control the main lobe in both planes using only one slotted waveguide to a certain extent. Different simulation results are considered at the 2.4 GHz frequency demonstrating improved effectiveness in terms of directivity and high gain as well as minimizing the side-lobe level and mechanically controlling the main lobe of the antenna.     

Mapping spatial distribution of comm-satellite's beam based on ground omni-antennas

The current satellite communications (SatComs) systems are composed of a large number of satellites, beams and terrestrial devices. Due to their multinode dynamic nature, the usage of frequency resources is variable, complex and difficult to characterize. In particular, with the development of satellite-borne phased array antenna technology, SatCom beams carrying different frequencies are directionally and dynamically distributed in global scale. Mapping and locating the spatial beam distributions of communication satellite (comm-satellite) are the bases of intersystem cofrequency interference mitigation and spatial frequency reuse. In this paper, we design a data selection–multiparameter fitting iteration (DS-MFI) algorithm on the basis of ground-based omnidirectional antennas. The proposed approach can effectively map the spatial distribution of comm-satellite's beam, including satellite transmitter position, equal-gain off-axis angle, and beam pointing in azimuth and elevation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach for satellites with fixed or steerable beams at different altitudes. Furthermore, the results become increasingly accurate as the dense of ground omni-antenna increases.     

A new active phased array antenna for mobile direct broadcastingsatellite reception

This paper represents a new active phase array antenna for a Ku-band mobile service that will be possible with satellite broadcasting. The main idea for the antenna is to use minimum active array elements with cost-effective one-dimensional subarrays with an inclined pencil beam structure for a 34 dBi gain. For this antenna, we also used the squint beam tracking algorithm. This tracking gives a different way to the traditional monopulse tracking method in tracking capability. The electronic scanning angle of the beam peak in this antenna is over ±12° wide only with 20 phase shifter elements for its scan ranges. This antenna with the attractive hybrid-tracking concept has about 142 times less array elements than antennas with a two-dimensional array     

基于双基线比相测角的收发阵列天线设计

根据双基线比相测角的原理,规划出一条短基线与一条较长基线,经过仿真优化确定出三个接收天线之间的间距,最终设计出一款应用于24 GHz汽车防撞雷达且结构较为紧凑的一发三收的微带阵列天线。采用该收发天线进行测角,既可保证最大无模糊测角的范围,也可提高测角的精度。通过采用基于道尔夫-切比雪夫算法加权的串并联混合馈电网络,使该收发天线实现了高增益、低副瓣的特性。最终,对该一发三收天线进行了实物加工。根据实测结果可知:在中心频率24. 125 GHz处,该10×4 元发射天线与10×2 元接收天线的增益分别为23. 1 dB与19. 3 dB,方位面副瓣电平均小于-20 dB,并且方位面3 dB波束宽度均为8. 4°,满足设计需求。     

Achieving maximum flow in interference-aware wireless sensor networks with smart antennas

Directional antenna offers various benefits for wireless sensor networks, such as increased spatial reuse ratio and reduced energy consumption. In this paper, we formulate the maximum flow problem as an optimization problem in interference-limited wireless sensor networks with switched beam directional antennas. The optimization problem is solvable in the presence of an omniscient controller, but it is NP-hard. Therefore, we seek a distributed algorithm to achieve the maximum flow through jointly routing and scheduling. The maximum flow between given source destination pair is determined forwardly hop by hop and is verified by the proposed feasible condition at downstream nodes. This method works for both single-beam antenna and multi-beam antenna with some variation in the feasibility condition.     

一种赋形阵列天线的优化设计

给出一种S 波段波束赋形阵列天线的优化设计过程,由带状耦合结构的印刷阵子天线并排组成16 元直线阵列。为使天线的辐射波束达到给定方向图的主瓣和副瓣要求,采用联合应用DFP 和BFGS 公式的变度量优化算法,对阵列天线各单元的馈电幅度和相位同时进行优化,并考虑阵列中各单元之间的互耦对阵列的影响,通过全波电磁仿真软件HFSS 进行了验证,所得的方向图与理论计算十分吻合。根据仿真优化的结果,制作了天线阵实物并进行了测试,得到的测试结果与仿真结果一致。     

A monofilar spiral antenna and its array above a groundplane-formation of a circularly polarized tilted fan beam

A monofilar spiral antenna is analyzed in the presence of a conducting plane reflector, using the method of moments. The circumference of the spiral antenna is chosen to be 2.3 wavelengths. A tilted beam of circular polarization is realized by superposing the fields from two active regions. The gain of the tilted beam is approximately 8 dB. The frequency bandwidths for 1-dB gain drop and 3-dB axial ratio criterions are 12% and 23%, respectively. An array consisting of the four monofilar spiral antennas is also analyzed, where the array element spacing is chosen to be 0.8 wavelength at a design frequency f₀. The input impedances of the four spirals are almost the same as the impedance of the single monofilar spiral antenna at f₀. The array radiates a tilted fan beam with a gain increase of approximately 6 dB from the gain of the single spiral antenna at f₀. The frequency bandwidth for a 3-dB axial ratio criterion is almost the same as that of the single spiral antenna     

改进的多通道系统频域信道均衡算法

在多通道系统中,通道之间的幅相不一致性往往会使系统的性能恶化。在基于阵列天线波束形成过程中,各通道之间的幅相不一致性会使阵列波束方向图发生畸变;在基于阵列的测向系统中,通道之间的不一致性会使测向伪谱噪底抬高,分辨率降低,因此进行信道均衡就显得特别重要。针对宽带多通道系统,在常规频域均衡算法的基础上提出了改进的频域均衡算法。本算法利用频域采样抽取的思想,并充分利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)和快速傅里叶逆变换(IFFT)避免了矩阵乘法和求逆运算,大大降低了计算量,利于实际工程实现。仿真分析了该均衡算法的性能,验证了其有效性。     

基于近邻粒子群优化的阵列天线方向图综合

阵列信号处理是近40年来迅速发展的技术,方向图综合的优化是其重要的问题,粒子群优化技术通过简单的算法可以达到很好的方向图综合效果。近邻粒子群优化算法除了利用粒子本身历史最优位置与全体最优位置外,还利用邻居粒子历史最优位置更新本粒子位置,测试函数测试结果表明,这在一定程度上消除了标准粒子群算法容易收敛到局部最优值的缺点。使用这种改进算法的阵列天线的方向图综合也得到了很好的结果     

基于差分进化算法的阵列天线波束赋形研究

在阵列天线波束赋形设计中,通常方法是对阵列的阵因子进行分析,这类方法没有考虑阵列单元的影响,所设计的波束形状与要求的有一定差异。本文将差分进化算法(DE)与高频电磁仿真软件HFSS相结合,分析阵中每个单元的影响,减少波束赋形结果与天线实际方向图之间的差异。文中对一个微带缝隙阵列天线进行了低副瓣优化设计,设计结果和HFSS仿真结果吻合良好,两者之间差异在0.3dB范围之内,验证了设计方法的可行性。