高铬铸铁显微组织稳定性的研究

高铬铸铁固溶处理后，以不同的速度冷却，基体显微组织具有不同特征。回火时发生不同的转变；缓冷组织稳定性较好，硬度高，回火时硬度下降，耐磨性降低；快冷组织稳定性较差，硬度低。回火时组织稳定性提高，硬度升高，耐磨性、耐热性得到改善。表明热处理可以调整高铬铸铁基体组织的稳定性，从而可改善其性能。     

离心铸造Q235钢/高铬铸铁复合管的热处理工艺

采用离心浇铸制备外层为碳钢Q235,内层为高铬铸铁的双金属复合管。在不同温度(950、980℃)及不同冷却方式(空冷、水冷、风冷)下对复合管进行热处理试验。结果表明,试验温度下,空冷、水冷、风冷方式都可消除Q235钢铸态组织中的魏氏组织;水冷可提高复合管的硬度,但复合管出现严重畸变甚至开裂。合理的热处理工艺为950℃×1 h,空冷+450℃×3.5 h回火+350℃×3.5 h回火,可使复合管达到较高的硬度(60～63 HRC),满足标准DL/T 680—1999《耐磨管道技术条件》的要求。     

Heat treatment process of bimetallic clad chromium cast iron by pipe made of carbon steel Q235/high centrifugal casting

采用离心浇铸制备外层为碳钢Q235,内层为高铬铸铁的双金属复合管。在不同温度（950、980℃）及不同冷却方式（空冷、水冷、风冷）下对复合管进行热处理试验。结果表明,试验温度下,空冷、水冷、风冷方式都可消除Q235钢铸态组织中的魏氏组织;水冷可提高复合管的硬度,但复合管出现严重畸变甚至开裂。合理的热处理工艺为950℃×1 h,空冷＋450℃×3.5 h回火＋350℃×3.5 h回火,可使复合管达到较高的硬度（60～63 HRC）,满足标准DL/T 680—1999《耐磨管道技术条件》的要求。     

多元低合金化铸造热锻模具钢（JCD钢）组织与性能的研究

试验研究了多元低合金化铸造热锻模具钢（ＪＣＤ钢）的组织与性能。结果表明，ＪＣＤ钢的淬火＋回火组织为低碳马氏体＋贝氏体＋少量碳化物及残余奥氏体。ＪＣＤ钢与５ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢相比，具有好的回火稳定性、热稳定性、抗冷热疲劳性，且成本低、寿命长、应用前景广阔。     

生产麻口耐磨球墨铸磨球应注意的几个问题

为了生产优质麻口耐磨球墨铸铁磨球，必须控制材质的化学成分，采用较氏的碳当量并控制合适的Ｃｒ／Ｓｉ；选择合适的球化剂和孕育方法；采用６００℃回火处理。     

离心铸造气门座圈用高铬铸铁的组织及性能研究

根据气门座圈的生产和使用要求,研究了一种成分的离心铸造高铬铸铁铸态和回火态的组织和性能。结果表明,离心铸造的高铬铸铁其铸态组织由初生奥氏体、共晶奥氏体和共晶碳化物组成,回火态组织由回火马氏体、残余奥氏体和共晶碳化物组成;热处理后的高铬铸铁消除了内应力,减小了晶格畸变,具有较好的强度,并且有一定的硬度。离心铸造高铬铸铁气门座圈能满足大功率内燃机的使用要求。     

KMTBNi4Cr2合金热处理研究

通过对KMTBNi4Cr2合金热处理试验发现，铸态下550℃ 275℃回火处理后的性能优于国际GB8263－87规定的450℃ 275℃回火后的性能，并对原因进行了探讨。     

改进型无限冷硬铸铁轧辊回火组织转变研究

通过对改进型无限冷硬铸铁轧辊不同回火温度和时间的系列回火试验,用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等分析手段,研究回火对铸态组织中亚稳残余奥氏体转变的影响,分析铸态下贝氏体在组织回火中的分解及碳化物析出行为。试验结果表明：改进型无限冷硬铸铁350℃以下温度回火后奥氏体仍然稳定存在;425～450℃温度问回火在下贝氏体针内部析出合金渗碳体,大部分奥氏体转变为上贝氏体组织;500℃回火后得到回火索氏体组织。     

多元高铬合金铸铁在SCHLICK抛丸机上的应用

SCHLICK抛丸机是从西德进口的钢结构预处理设备 ,为取代进口易损配件叶片 ,采用多元高铬合金抗磨铸铁试制 ,该材料经热处理后 ,显微组织为马氏体 +条块状一次碳化物及在回火马氏体基体上析出的颗粒状二次碳化物 ,硬度HRC6 4～ 6 7,ak为 3J·cm-2 ～ 5J·cm-2 ,经现场生产考核 ,使用寿命与原进口叶片相当。     

提高高铬白口铸铁件性能的研究与生产实践

要提高高铬铸铁的韧性和抗冲击磨损能力，除改善共晶碳化物形态和分布外，更重要的是采用综合变质处理细化共晶碳化物，净化晶界，合理选择基体组织、化学成分和热处理工艺。共晶成分或稍微过共晶成分的高铬铸铁显示良好的抗冲击磨料磨损能力，而添加W、Nb等提高抗冲击磨损能力不明显。研究发现，不同C、Cr含量的3C-21Cr系高铬铸铁的最佳奥氏体化温度和最高峰值硬度不一样；回火温度接近或超过430℃对冲击磨损影响较明显，但对冲击韧度影响甚小。研制了3C-21Cr高铬铸铁与各种碳素钢、合金钢组成的双金属锤头，其使用寿命比3C-27Cr高铬铸铁与钢复合的锤头延长50％～60％。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。