生物法制备聚合硫酸铁及其应用研究

研究生物法制备铁系絮凝剂及其影响因素。以FeSO4·7H2O为原料,利用驯化后的氧化亚铁硫杆菌（T·f）在酸性条件下的催化氧化作用制备生物聚合硫酸铁（PFS）,并确定最佳制备条件。实验表明：在反应液初始pH值1.5、硫酸铵用量0.5g/L、初始Fe2＋浓度45g/L、接种量10%、温度30℃时,在转速为120r/min的恒温水浴摇床中连续培养5～6d、可以制出pH1.5～2.2、盐基度17.5%～22.7%、全铁含量43.87～45.24g/L的产品。实验通过处理3种废水来考察其絮凝性能,结果表明：当PFS投加量一定时,COD去除率可达70%以上,脱色率达90%,Zn2＋去除率达99%,说明PFS是一种絮凝效果优异的水处理剂。     

石墨负载纳米零价铁去除溶液中U(Ⅵ)

以液相还原法制备纳米零价铁,将其负载于石墨表面制备负载型纳米零价铁复合材料(G-nZVI),并用来去除溶液中的U(Ⅵ),考察初始溶液的pH、反应温度、反应时间、U(Ⅵ)的初始浓度以及固液比等因素对复合材料(G-nZVI)去除U(Ⅵ)影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术对反应前后的材料进行表征,分析其去除U(Ⅵ)的机理。结果表明:纳米零价铁颗粒分散在石墨粉的表面,没有产生团聚。反应后溶液中主要生成UO₂和U(Ⅳ)氢氧化物沉淀。石墨负载型纳米零价铁对U(Ⅵ)有很好的去除效果,在pH为4.0,温度为30℃,反应时间为60 min,固液比为0.25 g/L,初始U(Ⅵ)浓度为10 mg/L条件下,U(Ⅵ)的去除率和吸附容量分别达到99.67%和43.2 mg/g,说明该复合材料(G-nZVI)在含铀放射性废水的处理与环境修复中具有潜在的应用价值。     

絮凝剂筛选与浓度优化试验的研究

本文采用了国家标准考察四种水处理絮凝剂的絮凝效果,结果显示絮凝剂A在同样浓度下对浊度的去除率明显高于其它种类絮凝剂,沉积时间也为最短。本试验同样确定了絮凝剂A的最佳投加浓度,通过比较浊度、沉积厚度、pH值等参数,显示最佳投加浓度为40~60mg/L。本试验证明了絮凝剂A的絮凝效果最好。     

脉冲电催化内电解去除浮选废水中的铅和苯胺黑药

采用脉冲电催化内电解流化床技术同时去除浮选废水中的Pb2+和苯胺黑药,运用序批试验和SEM、XPS等分析研究影响污染物去除的工艺条件、脉冲电催化效应、Pb2+和苯胺黑药的去除或降解机制。结果表明:当p H为4、电流密度为20 m A/cm2、脉冲周期为2 s、停留时间为90 min时,Pb2+和苯胺黑药的去除率分别为99.80%和78.83%,BOD5/CODCr值由0.15上升至0.41。该技术能较好地同时去除浮选废水中的Pb2+和苯胺黑药,显著提高废水的可生化性。Pb2+和苯胺黑药的去除得益于脉冲电催化内电解体系下的氧化还原反应、电沉积和高聚合度铁氢氧化物的絮凝沉淀作用等;苯胺黑药在新生态Fe2+、[H]、H2O2、·OH等活性物质的作用下先后脱除二硫代磷酸基、脱氨基、苯环开环断裂而被降解为有机小分子和无机物。     

中药渣和麦麸对模拟矿山酸性废水中Cu2+的吸附

研究溶液pH值、Cu2+初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量及温度对中药渣和麦麸吸附模拟矿山酸性废水中较高浓度Cu2+的影响。结果表明,随pH值的升高中药渣和麦麸对Cu2+的吸附量均增大;吸附剂最佳投加量为10 g/L;吸附过程更好地符合拟二级动力学模型;在pH值为3时,二者的最大吸附量分别为14.03和7.34 mg/g,吸附平衡符合Langmuir等温线方程;热力学研究表明,二者对Cu2+的吸附为非自发的放热反应。Zeta电位显示中药渣和麦麸在水溶液中均带负电,能够以静电引力吸附Cu2+;红外光谱分析表明,中药渣吸附Cu2+的官能团主要为羟基、羧基、酰胺基和酯基等,而麦麸吸附Cu2+的主要官能团为羟基、酰胺基和硅氧基等。     

Pannonibacter phragmitetus T1菌对pb2+的吸附特性

以pannonibacter phragmitetusT1菌作为生物吸附剂,研究细菌代谢活性、培养时间、溶液pH值、菌体用量、温度、吸附时间、初始金属浓度等因素对其吸附重金属pb2+的影响,并进一步研究吸附机理.结果表明,培养12h的灭活T1菌体在pb2+浓度为150 mg/L、pH值为6、T1菌添加量为0.5 g/L、温度为30℃的条件下,对Pb2+的最大吸附量为68.35 mg/g;灭活T1菌对重金属Pb2+的吸附过程较快,90 min即达到吸附平衡,pb2+的吸附符合Pseudo-second order模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型.结合红外光谱分析,灭活pannonibacter phragmitetus T1 菌对Pb2+是表面吸附,羟基和酰胺基是与Pb2+络合反应的主要基团.     

剩余污泥与人造沸石复合体系去除废水中的钙离子

采用剩余污泥与人造沸石复合体系去除废水中的Ca2 ,考察了各因素对Ca2 去除的影响。结果表明:沸石与废水的固液比是影响Ca2 去除的最关键因素,温度和pH值的影响较大,而反应时间在最初10min内影响显著,之后则影响较小;在25℃,初始pH值8.04条件下,反应1h,Ca2 的去除率随着固液比的增加而增大,初始Ca2 的质量浓度为801.60mg/L时,保持沸石与废水固液比为3:100,Ca2 的去除率达到80.38%,剩余Ca2 仅为157.31mg/L;升高温度对Ca2 去除有促进作用,Ca2 的去除率从20℃时的77.30%增大到45℃时的90.71%;Ca2 去除在最初的50min内吸附达到平衡。人造沸石的红外光谱图表明脱钙过程主要是化学吸附。     

橘子皮化学改性及其对Cu(Ⅱ) 离子的吸附性能

以橘子皮为基体,经环氧氯丙烷交联后,以Ce4+为引发剂将丙烯酸甲酯单体接枝到橘子皮上,再经过皂化制备改性橘子皮生物吸附剂.研究溶液pH、吸附时间和Cu2+初始浓度对生物吸附剂吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在pH值为5.5,Cu2+初始质量浓度为50 mg/L,吸附时间为3 h的条件下,该生物吸附剂对Cu2+去除率为94.6%,吸附容量为24.41 mg/g.Cu2+在该生物吸附剂上的吸附过程可以用准二级动力学方程很好地描述.吸附等温线结果表明,该生物吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附用Freundlich方程拟合效果优于用Langmuir方程拟合效果.将该生物吸附剂用于含Cu2+ 5.8 mg/L的电镀废水,Cu2+去除率可达97%.通过红外光谱表征该生物吸附剂的结构,说明羧基和羟基与金属离子的结合引起该生物吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附.该生物吸附剂可以再生重复使用4次以上.     

芬顿氧化法处理铝合金化铣清洗液的研究

目的铝合金化铣加工过程产生的大量清洗液,因三乙醇胺的存在而使其具有很高的化学吸氧量(COD),必须通过有效的方法予以除去才能安全排放。方法采用芬顿氧化法对化铣清洗废液进行处理,通过试验方法优化,研究了废液初始pH、H_2O_2浓度、c(H_2O_2)/c(Fe~(2+))以及芬顿反应时间对清洗液COD_(Cr)去除率的影响。结果初始pH值对COD_(Cr)去除率的影响最大。在正交试验的基础上,通过单因素试验进一步优化了反应条件,得出芬顿氧化法去除化铣清洗液中三乙醇胺的最佳反应条件为:pH=2.5,H_2O_2浓度为325mmol/L,c(H_2O_2)/c(Fe~(2+))=12.5,反应时间为45 min。在此条件下,出水COD_(Cr)可降至40 mg/L以下,COD_(Cr)去除率达到99.1%。结论芬顿氧化法可以有效地降解化铣清洗液中的三乙醇胺。     

矿坑废水中试试验研究

在实验室小型试验的基础上，采用1001／h水处理装置进行化学氧化－絮凝沉降法处理矿坑废水证试验。在Ca(ClO)2加量225－450mg/l、氧化时间10mins、絮凝剂PAM加量0.5mg/l的条件下，重金属Pb 、Zn和Cd的去除率均在92％以上，黄药未检出，出水悬浮物小于10mg/l，水质达到国家一级排放标准。     

微电解絮凝耦合技术处理含重金属铅锌冶炼废水

采用"石灰中和曝气微电解絮凝沉淀法"技术处理含重金属铅锌冶炼废水,考察微电解进水pH值、水力停留时间、铁炭质量比、絮凝pH值和助凝剂用量等反应条件对废水中铅、锌、镉、铜和砷离子去除率的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)等测试手段,研究微电解反应前后铁屑和活性炭的表面形貌及物质组成的变化,分析铁炭微电解原理及铁炭床失效原因。结果表明:在微电解铁炭质量比为1:1.5、进水初始pH值为2.5、水力停留时间为40 min、絮凝pH值为11、助凝剂PAM用量为4×10 6(质量分数)的条件下,微电解絮凝耦合技术对废水中各离子的去除效果最佳,Cd2+出水浓度达到了《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)中的一级标准,Pb2+、Cu2+、Zn2+和总砷的出水浓度满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中Ⅲ类水标准。     

Removal of copper from nickel anode electrolyte through ion exchange

An novel method for removal of copper from nickel anodic electrolyte through ion exchange was studied after cupric deoxidization. Orthogonal design experiments show the optimum conditions of deoxidizing cupric into Cu+ in the nickel electrolyte are the reductive agent dosage is 4.5 times as the theoretic dosage and reaction time is 0.5 h at 40 ℃ and pH 2.0. Ion exchange experiments show that the breakthrough capacity(Y) decreases with the increase of the linear flow rate(X): Y=1.559-0.194X+ 0.006 7X2. Breakthrough capacity increases with the increase of the ratio of height to radius(RRH). The higher the initial copper concentration, the less the breakthrough capacity(BC). SO42- and nickel concentration have no obvious change during the process of sorption, so it is not necessary to worry about the loss of nickel during the sorption process. Desorption experiments show that copper desorption from the resin is made perfectly with NaCl solution added with 4% (volume fraction) H2O2 (30%) and more than 100 g/L CuCl2 solution is achieved.     

Fe-Si-B非晶合金薄带对水中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除性能及机理研究

采用单辊甩带法制备了Fe-Si-B非晶合金条带(Fe-Si-B^AR)。分别将0.08、0.30、0.60、1.00 g/L的Fe-Si-B^AR加入初始浓度为100 mg/L的含Cu(Ⅱ)溶液中进行Cu(Ⅱ)去除试验。结果表明,随着Fe-Si-B^AR剂量从0.08增加到1.00 g/L,Cu (Ⅱ)的去除率从85%升高到99%,且去除过程符合伪一级动力学模型。Fe-Si-B^AR去除Cu (Ⅱ)主要基于氧化还原反应,还原产物为Cu和Cu₂O。反应过程中,Fe-Si-B^AR表面产物层形成松散结构,并且从条带表面脱落。     

含磷废水中稀土除磷及沉淀剂再生

基于已有热力学数据,对稀土除磷过程及沉淀产物的再生过程分别进行了热力学计算,绘制了25℃下lg c-pH图,为含磷废水中磷的资源化利用和无害化处置提供理论支撑.结果表明:采用稀土处理含磷废水时在pH 2.70～8.66范围内沉淀,可生成稳定的LaPO4(和CePO4)沉淀,实现磷的去除;再生过程pH在14.5～16.0...     

Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.     

铜电解液净化中铜砷的分离与回收(英文)

经二氧化硫还原、蒸发结晶,使铜电解液中铜、砷、锑和铋得到有效去除。结晶产物经过溶解、氧化、中和、沉淀、过滤和蒸发结晶,得到三氧化二砷和硫酸铜。当采用SO2将铜电解液中As(Ⅴ)充分还原为As(Ⅲ),并加热蒸发浓缩铜电解液中硫酸浓度至645g/L时,铜电解液中铜、砷、锑和铋的去除率分别为87.1 %,83.9 %,21.0 %和84.7%。在温度30℃,将65g结晶产物溶于200mL自来水时,砷的去除率为92.81%。将所得滤液在如下条件下净化:n(Fe):n(As)为1.2,双氧水为理论用量的19倍,氧化温度为45℃,氧化时间为40min,终点pH为3.7,净化后蒸发浓缩结晶,所得硫酸铜溶液中硫酸铜含量达到98.8%。     

Adsorption of copper ions on porous ceramsite prepared by diatomite and tungsten residue

In order to realize resource utilization of industrial tungsten residue and treatment of heavy metal wastewater in mining and metallurgical area of south China, a novel ceramsite was prepared with the main raw materials of diatomite and tungsten residue. The adsorption behavior of copper ions in solution on the ceramsite was investigated. Results indicated that the surface of the newly-developed ceramsite was rough and porous. There were lots of pores across the ceramsite from inner to outside. MnFe₂O₄ was one of the main components of the ceramsite. The Cu²⁺ adsorption capacity by the ceramsite reached 9.421 mg/g with copper removal efficiency of 94.21% at 303 K, initial Cu²⁺ concentration of 100 mg/L and dosage of 0.5 g after 300 min adsorption. With increase of ceramsite dosage, the total adsorption amount of Cu²⁺ increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased. The adsorption capacity increased with the increase of solution pH. The isothermal adsorption of Cu²⁺ by the ceramsite fitted the Freundlich model better. The adsorption mainly occurred on a heterogeneous surface, and was a favorable process. The adsorption process closely followed the pseudo-second kinetic equation. In initial stage of wastewater treatment, the adsorption process should be controlled mainly by diffusion, and the removal of Cu²⁺ can be improved by enhancing agitation.     

Two-sectional struvite formation process for enhanced treatment of copper–ammonia complex wastewater

Mg²⁺ and PO₄³⁺ were added into the synthetic wastewater, leading to the dissociation of the complex ions in the wastewater, and resulting in removal of copper and ammonia therein. The effects of agents addition amount, pH, and reaction time on the removal efficiency of copper and ammonia were investigated. In particular, two-sectional struvite formation (TSSF) process was established for copper and ammonia removal. MgCl₂ and Na₂HPO₄ were added by following 90% addition in the first section and remained 10% in the second during the TSSF process. Compared with one sectional struvite formation, TSSF possessed much better performance. Under condition of n(NH₃-N):n(Mg):n(P)=1:1.2:1.5 (molar ratio), pH=9, and reaction time of 30 min, the removal efficiencies of copper and ammonia were 98.9% and 99.96%, respectively. The enhanced performance of TSSF is explained by the competition of ammonia by copper–ammonia complexes and struvite. The dissociation of copper–ammonia complexes is further demonstrated by thermodynamic equilibrium analysis, on the basis of calculations and establishment of predominance phases diagram. Moreover, XRD and EDS analyses further confirmed the formation of struvite and precipitation of copper, which prove the transmission of copper and ammonia from liquid phase into solid phase.     

PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL USING STEEL SLAG

1. Introduction Atpresent,eutrophication of water bodies is a serious environmental issue in almost all the countries of the world. Previous studies have proved the phosphorus from some industrial waste water and living wastewateristhemaincontrollingfactorintheeutrophicationofwaterbodies;sotheremovalofphospho- rus in waste water is essential to prevent the eutrophication of water bodies. ThecurrentmethodsofphosphorusremovalinChinaandabroadincludeprecipitation,crystallization, ion exchange, bio…