防屈曲约束支撑对异形柱框架结构抗震性能增强作用的试验研究

对两榀有无人字形防屈曲约束支撑的异形柱框架进行拟静力试验,研究防屈曲约束支撑异形柱框架结构的破坏形态、滞回特性、承载能力、延性性能、耗能能力等抗震性能指标。结果表明:人字形防屈曲约束支撑异形柱框架的滞回曲线呈现梭形,无撑异形柱框架的滞回曲线有明显捏拢现象,人字形防屈曲约束支撑可以使框架各层延性系数分布更加合理;有撑框架与无撑框架结构相比,有撑框架初始整体刚度提高了53.49%,极限荷载提高了1.50倍,整体极限位移角增大了近3倍。防屈曲约束支撑推迟了梁柱节点塑性铰的产生时间,改变了异形柱框架的屈服机制,使结构发生两阶段屈服,基于此提出了以人字形防屈曲约束支撑达到屈服时作为有撑异形柱框架结构的屈服点,以期更好地反映结构的抗震性能,更符合有撑框架的实际屈服机制。防屈曲约束支撑使异形柱框架结构累积损伤程度减轻,屈服阶段至破坏前,组合结构黏滞阻尼系数基本稳定在0.21左右,没有出现大幅度降低。     

防屈曲支撑、普通和特殊中心支撑钢框架结构抗震性能分析

基于考虑人字形防屈曲支撑屈服后超强和几乎不再对被撑梁提供竖向支点作用这两个因素,本文提出了采用该种支撑的钢框架结构的设计方法,并分别对采用普通及特殊中心支撑和防屈曲支撑的框架结构的抗震性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,虽然防屈曲和特殊中心支撑框架结构的层间侧移总体上大于普通中心支撑框架结构,但前者的基底剪力却大大低于后者.罕遇地震下,三种结构中的柱子基本保持弹性,普通和特殊中心支撑出现了大幅的平面外失稳,而防屈曲支撑在拉压作用下均进入屈服耗能.三种结构中被撑梁的最大挠度在支撑屈服或失稳前后分别出现在撑点两侧和撑点位置.屈服后的防屈曲支撑几乎不产生对被撑梁竖直向下的不平衡剪力,而失稳后的普通和特殊中心支撑则对被撑梁产生较大的不平衡剪力.     

连于人字形防屈曲支撑的横梁抗震设计探讨

通过3个算例,对采用人字形无粘结内藏钢板支撑剪力墙(即人字形防屈曲支撑)的防屈曲支撑框架结构的抗震性能进行对比分析,以探讨支撑屈服后超强和被撑梁跨中竖向支点作用的有无对支撑跨横梁抗震性能的影响。结果表明,3个算例的框架梁在多遇地震下均能保持弹性,且被撑梁的最大竖向挠度均出现在撑点两侧。罕遇地震下,3个结构中支撑屈服后被撑梁的最大竖向挠度均出现在撑点位置。考虑超强但不考虑支点作用设计的结构中框架梁塑性发展程度较小,而不计超强但考虑支点作用设计的被撑梁塑性发展严重,且横梁的挠度较大,导致层间的两根支撑因承受较大的竖向力而使拉、压支撑的轴向应力-应变曲线明显不对称,不利于支撑受力。     

钢支撑框架结构的特点及抗震性能对比

分析了纯框架结构、中心支撑框架结构、偏心支撑框架结构、隅撑支撑框架结构以及偏离中心支撑框架结构的常用形式、抗震原理和结构性能。还介绍了防屈曲支撑框架结构、摩擦支撑框架结构和带芯钢框支撑框架结构。     

既有RC框架结构BRB加固方案对比研究

为比较附加防屈曲支撑框架和附加摇摆防屈曲支撑框架加固既有RC框架结构后的抗震性能,通过PERFORM 3D软件对两种加固方案下的一幢美国加州20世纪70年代14层RC框架结构进行建模,采用基于性能的抗震设计方法对加固结构进行静力弹塑性分析和动力弹塑性时程分析,比较了两种加固方案下结构层间位移角、层间剪力、防屈曲支撑框架层间剪力比以及结构底柱轴力的不同动力响应。分析结果表明,采用附加摇摆防屈曲支撑框架加固既有RC框架结构更为可行,研究为既有RC框架结构抗震加固提供参考和指导。     

Pall型摩擦阻尼支撑体系试验研究

鉴于Pall型摩擦阻尼普通支撑会对框架边柱产生附加轴力,考虑采用防屈曲支撑来代替普通支撑,使支撑充分发挥作用,同时不会对边柱产生增长的附加轴力,为防屈曲支撑在Pall型摩擦阻尼支撑体系中的应用奠定基础.由于Pall型摩擦阻尼器滞回特性不受支撑屈曲力影响的特性,故采用普通钢板来代替防屈曲支撑进行Pall型摩擦阻尼支撑体系试验研究,同时对此支撑体系在考虑几何非线性情况下进行有限元AN-SYS仿真分析.对比试验结果和仿真分析结果,表明试验结果与仿真分析结果得出的Pall型摩擦阻尼器摩擦力和支撑内力的变化规律基本相同,为下一步采用防屈曲支撑体系进行试验研究奠定基础.     

人字形屈曲约束支撑异形柱框架抗震性能试验研究

为研究以人字形布置屈曲约束支撑的异形柱框架结构的抗震性能,对两个平面两跨三层异形柱框架构件进行拟静力试验,并对这两个构件的破坏过程和抗震耗能性能进行对比。试验结果表明:与普通异形柱框架结构相比,以人字形布置防屈曲约束支撑的框架滞回曲线饱满、承载能力高,同时还具有更好的延性和耗能能力;防屈曲约束支撑先于主体耗能,并可以弥补异形柱框架体系在罕遇地震作用下抗震耗能性能的不足。     

基于能量平衡的梁柱刚接防屈曲支撑钢框架设计方法

针对梁柱刚接的防屈曲支撑钢框架,根据能量平衡的概念提出基于能量的抗震设计方法,使结构在罕遇地震作用下满足给定的目标位移。设计方法以钢框架与防屈曲支撑在目标位移下耗散的能量之和等于地震输入能量为准则进行能量分配。地震输入能量以原钢框架的地震输入能量为基准,计入结构周期和延性变化的影响进行调整后得到,并以结构在位移幅值下循环1周耗能作为总耗能。建立防屈曲支撑的耗能需求曲线和目标位移下的耗能能力曲线,求得防屈曲支撑的截面面积。应用此方法设计3跨5层的防屈曲支撑钢框架结构,采用ANSYS软件建立有限元模型,对所设计的钢框架结构进行罕遇地震作用下的时程分析,结果表明：应用此方法设计的梁柱刚接防屈曲支撑框架在地震作用下最大层间位移角与给定的设计目标较为一致,所设计的结构安全可靠。     

拉链柱支撑钢框架结构振动台试验研究

为研究拉链柱支撑钢框架结构的抗震性能并对设计方法进行验证,完成了一个3层单跨1∶4缩尺比例的拉链柱支撑钢框架结构模型在24个地震作用工况下的模拟地震作用振动台试验。通过试验,得到了结构的动力特性、层间位移响应、加速度响应以及各结构构件的受力状态等。结果表明,8度多遇及设防烈度地震作用工况下,结构基本未进入塑性,试验模型振动时以第1阶模态振动为主。超9度罕遇地震作用工况下,底层支撑失稳明显,顶层支撑未见失稳。底层受拉支撑的最大轴拉力接近屈服轴力,受压支撑的屈曲后承载力约为支撑稳定承载力的30%,表明由支撑失稳产生的竖向不平衡力按受拉支撑的最小屈服承载力和受压支撑的最大屈曲承载力的30%计算是可行的。拉链柱主要通过受拉传递因支撑失稳产生的竖向不平衡力。因变形协调关系,被支撑梁可以承受一定的竖向不平衡力,在拉链柱未屈服的前提下,一般下层被支撑梁承受的竖向不平衡力要高于上层的。总体上,各构件的受力状态及传力路径与设计初衷基本一致,结构体系在模拟地震作用振动台试验中表现出了良好的抗震性能。     

带防屈曲支撑的钢框架减震分析

防屈曲支撑既能提供侧向刚度,又可以增加结构的耗能,作为一种优良的耗能构件被广泛应用于建筑结构振动控制。文中采用有限元软件OpenSEES分析了防屈曲支撑在钢框架结构中的减震效果。研究表明,增设防屈曲支撑可有效减小结构位移,提高结构的抗震能力,但应注意与防屈曲支撑相邻构件的设计。     

Performance-based plastic design method for buckling-restrained braced frames

This paper presents a performance-based plastic design (PBPD) methodology for the design of buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs). The design base shear is obtained based on energy–work balance using pre-selected target drift and yield mechanism. Three low-to-medium rise BRBFs (3-story, 6-story and 9-story) were designed by the proposed methodology and their seismic performance was evaluated through extensive nonlinear time-history analyses using forty ground motions representing the DBE and the MCE hazard levels. Both isotropic and kinematic hardening characteristics of buckling-restrained braces were considered in the modeling of their force–deformation behaviors. All BRBFs considered in this study reached the intended performance objectives in terms of yield mechanisms and target drift levels. Since PBPD is a direct design method, no iterations were carried out to achieve the performance objectives of BRBFs.     

Evaluating response modification factors of concentrically braced steel frames

Response modification factor is one of the seismic design parameters to consider nonlinear performance of building structures during strong earthquake. Relying on this, many seismic design codes led to reduce loads. The present paper tries to evaluate the response modification factors of conventional concentric braced frames (CBFs) as well as buckling restrained braced frames (BRBFs). Since, the response modification factor depends on ductility and overstrength, the static nonlinear analysis has been performed on building models including single and double bracing bays, multi-floors and different brace configurations (chevron V, invert V and X bracing). The CBFs and BRBFs values for factors such as ductility, overstrength, force reduction due to ductility and response modification have been assessed for all the buildings. The results showed that the response modification factors for BRBFs were higher than the CBFs one. It was found that the number of bracing bays and height of buildings have had greater effect on the response modification factors.     

大震下防屈曲支撑钢框架弹塑性位移统计规律

通过600个弹塑性时程分析,统计了防屈曲支撑钢框架结构在罕遇地震作用下的顶层与最大层间弹塑性位移分布规律,为该结构体系的性能化抗震可靠度设计提供了参考。     

Buckling-restrained braced frame connection performance

Large-scale experimental studies of buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) have shown that although they display good overall seismic performance, they may have limitations due to connection failure modes that do not allow the braces to realize their full ductility capacity. These experimental results motivate further investigation of BRBF connection behavior. In this study, nonlinear finite element models are used to study BRBF beam–column–brace connections. The models focus on a one-story subassembly extracted from a previously-tested, four-story BRBF. After the baseline finite element analysis results are verified with experimental data, parametric studies varying the connection configuration are used to assess the key factors influencing performance. Connection configuration is shown to have a significant impact on global system response and localized connection demands.     

Evaluation of buckling-restrained braced frame seismic performance considering reserve strength

Buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) systems are used extensively for resisting lateral forces in high seismic regions of the United States. Numerical and large-scale experimental studies of BRBFs have shown predictable seismic performance with robust ductility and energy dissipation capacity. However, the low post-yield stiffness of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) may cause BRBFs to exhibit large maximum and residual drifts and allow the formation of soft stories. Thus, reserve strength provided by other elements in the lateral-force-resisting system is critical to improving seismic performance of BRBFs. This reserve strength can be provided in two primary ways: (1) moment-resisting connections within the BRBF and (2) a steel special moment-resisting frame (SMRF) in parallel with the BRBF to create a dual system configuration. These two approaches to providing reserve strength can be used together or separately, leading to a variety of potential system configurations. In addition, special attention must be given to the connections within the BRBF since moment-resisting connections have been observed experimentally to limit drift capacity due to undesirable connection-related failure modes. This paper presents nonlinear dynamic analysis results and evaluates performance of BRBF and BRBF-SMRF systems using moment-resisting and non-moment-resisting beam-column connections within the BRBF. Reserve strength is shown to play a critical role in seismic behavior and performance of BRBFs.     

Compressive behavior of central gusset plate connections for a buckling-restrained braced frame

Buckling-restrained braced frames (BRBFs) are used as lateral-load resisting systems in seismic design. The braces in BRBFs are connected to beams and columns by gusset plate connections, and can yield in both tension and compression instead of buckling. Although tests of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) have demonstrated their ability to withstand significant inelastic axial deformation, large-scale BRBF tests have exhibited central gusset plate buckling before BRBs develop the ultimate compressive strength. To extend and better understand the experimental work, this paper presents an analytical study of the compressive behavior for BRBF central gusset plate connections using the finite element computer program ABAQUS. A model of a previously tested BRBF is conducted to predict experimental buckling load of the central gusset plate and verify the accuracy of a simple model of a central gusset plate connection including a beam and part of the BRB. The out-of-plane deformation of the central gusset plate resembles the buckled shape of a gusset plate with low bending rigidity provided by the BRB end. The experimental buckling load of the central gusset plate cannot be predicted based on the AISC-LRFD approach with an effective column length factor of 1.2. Therefore, a parametric study on the compressive strength of BRBF central gusset plate connections is conducted with various gusset plate dimensions and free-edge stiffeners. An inelastic plate buckling equation together with coefficient charts is proposed to predict ultimate load. For gusset plates with sufficient free-edge stiffener rigidity, the yield load can be developed and increased to the post-yield strength level. A required free-edge stiffener size is also recommended for BRBF central gusset plates to develop compressive yield load.     

Seismic response of stainless steel braced frames

The present paper investigates the feasibility of the application of stainless steel (SS) in the seismic design of braced frames, either concentrically (CBFs) or eccentrically (EBFs) braced. A sample of regular multi-storey CBFs and EBFs was designed in compliance with modern seismic standards based on capacity-design rules. The results of pushover and inelastic response history analyses demonstrate that systems employing SSs exhibit enhanced plastic deformations and excellent energy absorbing capacity with respect to mild steel braced frames. The augmented strain hardening of SS, which is nearly twice that of carbon steels, is beneficial to prevent local buckling in steel members, especially those subjected to high axial compression. The performed analyses also demonstrate that in CBFs with SS braces and columns the increase in overstrength is about 40% with respect to the configuration in mild steel. For EBFs, the use of SS in the diagonals or in braces and links increases the global overstrength of the lateral resisting system by 20%. When the EBFs employ braces and columns in SS the increase can be as high as 50%.     

Multi-Index Seismic Capacity Evaluation of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames

The seismic capacity of a structure is determined by the performance index that reaches its ultimate bearing or deformation capacity first. This paper presents a multi-index seismic capacity evaluation method for accurately evaluating the seismic capacity of a structure. The normalized response curves of several indices are concurrently plotted to form a multi-index seismic capacity evaluation figure, in which the seismic capacity and demand values that correspond to various indices can be determined by vertical and horizontal threshold lines. Based on an incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), a 6-story buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) and a series of comparable 6-story steel frames are analyzed using the proposed method to verify the method and investigate the seismic behavior of BRBFs. The results show that the seismic performance of buckling-restrained braces is not the only factor that determines the seismic capacity of BRBFs and indicate that the multi-index seismic capacity evaluation method can effectively identify the critical index of a structure and the weakest links that restrict the structural seismic capacity.     

BRBFs的抗震性能分析

应用ANSYS软件对屈曲约束支撑钢框架(BRBFs)和普通支撑钢框架的抗震性能进行有限元数值模拟,分析了两种结构在基本烈度地震作用下和罕遇地震作用下的层位移、顶层加速度及层间相对位移等结构响应,结果表明,在小震作用下两种结构抗震性能均表现良好,但在罕遇地震作用下普通支撑钢框架由于支撑的平面外失稳,导致整个结构刚度退化,而屈曲约束支撑钢框架则能更加有效地控制结构的侧移,降低结构的地震响应。