欠奈奎斯特采样在数字接收机中的应用

从理论上讲，为提高侦察接收机的截获概率，接收机的瞬时带宽必须足够宽。接收机的瞬时带宽决定于接收机的ADC采样速率。因此数字接收机必须具备高速的ADC采样速率。这样对接收机的ADC采样器件性能提出了更高的要求。将采样的方法应用于数字接收机中，可以在一定条件下降低采样速率，同时增加接收机的瞬时带宽。提出了一种基于延时和FFT技术的时域欠采样方法，并在阐述简单原理的基础上找出存在的问题及提出改进方案。重点分析了利用延时和非延时2路通道的相位差与入射信号频率之间的关系，进行信号频率的无模糊估计。基于目前硬件实现水平，数字接收机中采用这种欠采样方法是经济可行的方案。     

音频MFSK数字解调算法设计及DSP实现

针对音频多进制数字频率调制MFSK信号的特点,设计了一种适用于全数字接收机的非相干数字解调算法。算法主要包括数字滤波、数字变频、求瞬时相位、求瞬时频率、中值滤波、抽取和定时恢复环路几部分。重点介绍MFSK多电平基带的码元定时恢复环路的设计方法,对解调中要注意的几个问题进行了强调说明。在对解调性能进行仿真的基础上,在DSP硬件平台上进行了物理实现验证。     

采用基于多相滤波的数字正交变换技术提取信号瞬时特征的方法

本文研究了通信信号瞬时特征的提取方法。采用中频直接采样、抽取和滤波的方法完成信号的正交分解,从而提取信号的瞬时包络和相位主值序列。利用信号相位去卷叠算法和线性规划法估计信号的去卷叠瞬时非线性相位,利用傅里叶变换的微分特性估计信号的瞬时频率。通过文中的方法可以有效估计信号的瞬时特征,将其运用于信号调制体制识别取得了较好的效果。     

Circuit for Monitoring the Median Frequency of the Spectrum of the Surface EMG Signal

The power spectrum of the surface EMG signal is known to undergo a compression towards the lower frequencies during sustained muscle contractions. The median frequency appears to be the preferred parameter to monitor this compression. This paper describes a simple circuit which can provide an estimate of the median frequency.     

A channelized digital ultrawideband receiver

A channelized digital ultrawideband (UWB) receiver that efficiently samples the UWB signal at a fraction of the chip frequency is proposed. The received signal is channelized in the frequency domain by employing a bank of mixers and low-pass filters. After sampling at a much reduced frequency, digital synthesis filters optimally estimate the transmitted signals. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the proposed receiver has been solved and compared against an ideal conventional receiver, which is defined as a receiver that samples at the signal Nyquist rate. When finite resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADC) are employed in the presence of a large narrowband interferer, the proposed receiver significantly outperforms the ideal conventional receiver. For example, the SNR of the proposed receiver is as much as 20 dB higher than the ideal conventional receiver when a 4-bit ADC is used in the presence of a 50 dB (relative to the noise floor) brickwall narrowband interferer with a bandwidth of 15% of the chip frequency.     

Frequency tracking techniques of power systems in coloured noises

A technique for tracking the frequency of power systems in sine noises using numerical differentiation is presented. A voltage or current sinusoidal signal corrupted by sine noises and white noises is considered. For the signal corrupted by one or two sine noises, a central numerical differentiation-based method is proposed. For the signal corrupted by multiple sine noises and white noises, a hybrid method of numerical differentiation and a digital finite impulse response (FIR) filter are proposed. The digital FIR filtering algorithm is used to remove the white noises and the sine noises, and the numerical differentiation algorithm is used to estimate the fundamental frequency of power systems when the fundamental component is decomposed out of the signal. The proposed algorithm shows an advantage in time and speed when compared with other existing techniques and shows better dynamics and higher accuracy in frequency estimation. Carried out in Matlab, the simulation results are satisfactory     

Frequency Parameters of the Myoelectric Signal as a Measure of Muscle Conduction Velocity

Dunrng a sustained muscle contraction, the spectrum of the myoelectric signal is known to undergo compression as a function of time. Previous investigators have shown that the frequency compression is related to the decreasing conduction velocity of the muscle fibers. It is proposed that the frequency compression may be tracked by obtaining a continuous estimate of a characteristic frequency of the spectrum, such as the mean and median, or the ratio of low-frequency components to high-frequency components of the spectrum. A theoretical analysis was performed to investigate the restrictions in estimating the three parameters, as well as their sensitivity to the conduction velocity. The ratio parameter was found to be most sensitive to conduction velocity, but was the least reliable of the three. The median frequency was the least sensitive to noise. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, the median frequency is the preferred parameter. A technique is described which determines an unbiased consistent estimate of the median frequency. The technique may be readily implemented in analog hardware.     

Muscle Fatigue Monitor: A Noninvasive Device for Observing Localized Muscular Fatigue

As a muscular contraction is sustained, the spectrum of the myoelectric signal is compressed into lower frequencies. This spectral compression has been associated with localized muscular fatigue by several investigators. A device is presented that implements a technique to track the spectral compression by calculating the median frequency and two other parameters of the spectrum. The device is referred to as the muscle fatigue monitor (MFM) and is built with analog circuitry so that parameters are calculated and displayed in real-time and on-line. The technique is based on modulated filters which are implemented by using periodically-controlled switches to effectively vary the cutoff frequencies of the filters. The median frequency of a myoelectric signal obtained during a sustained, constant-force, isometric contraction was calculated by the MFM and digital computation. The results obtained by the two techniques were essentially the same, verifying the operation of the MFM.     

A technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexingfrequency offset correction

This paper discusses the effects of frequency offset on the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) digital communications. The main problem with frequency offset is that it introduces interference among the multiplicity of carriers in the OFDM signal. It is shown, and confirmed by simulation, that to maintain signal-to-interference ratios of 20 dB or greater for the OFDM carriers, offset is limited to 4% or less of the intercarrier spacing. Next, the paper describes a technique to estimate frequency offset using a repeated data symbol. A maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm is derived and its performance computed and compared with simulation results. Since the intercarrier interference energy and signal energy both contribute coherently to the estimate, the algorithm generates extremely accurate estimates even when the offset is far too great to demodulate the data values. Also, the estimation error depends only on total symbol energy so it is insensitive to channel spreading and frequency selective fading. A strategy is described for initial acquisition in the event of uncertainty in the initial offset that exceeds 1/2 the carrier spacing, the limit of the MLE algorithm     

基于单片机的数字频率计设计

基于单片机的数字频率计的设计,目的是设计一款数字频率计,能够测量1 Hz～20 MHz的数字频率,包括三角波、正弦波及方波的测量,支持0.5 V～20 V电压。本频率计的特点是突破普通单片机频率计喜欢选用的直接测量法,选择了高频用多周期同步法,低频用周期法来测量频率。这样可以使频率计达到更高的精度。而且本频率计通过程序来控制分频芯片自动分频,无需测量者对信号进行预估计,超出测量范围会自动警报,更加人性化。     

信标信号频谱在接收机跟踪性能分析上的应用

接收机锁定卫星信标后,经过二次或三次变频将C频段信标转变为70 MHz中频,然后通过解调单元从中频中提取误差信号。通过分析比较信标信号、L频段频率、70 MHz中频信号频谱使跟踪系统的性能指标层次化,从信标频谱中提取有用信息,全面判断数字接收机跟踪性能,对单脉冲跟踪体制下的接收机故障排查具有一定的指导意义。     

一种适合突发数字通信的快速载波频偏估计算法

给出了一种适用于MPSK解调的非数据辅助(NDA)载波频偏估计算法,该算法采用前向开环载波同步方式,与传统的Costas环相比,这种方式具有同步速度快、载波频偏估计范围大的优点,尤其适用于高速突发数字通信系统。理论和实验结果表明,该算法计算量小,复杂度低,抗噪声性能好,适合于工程实现。     

基于分段压缩和原子范数的跳频信号参数估计

针对压缩域跳频信号参数估计方法需借助测量矩阵寻找压缩采样数据的数字特征,造成运算复杂度高,且存在基不匹配的问题,提出一种压缩域数字特征和原子范数的跳频信号参数估计方法。建立块对角化的测量矩阵,实现信号分段压缩,分析压缩采样数据的数字特征,实现跳变时刻粗估计;分离出未发生频率跳变的信号段,利用原子范数最小化方法实现跳变频率的精确估计;最后依据精确估计的跳变频率,设计原子字典,并在压缩域实现跳变时刻的精确估计。基于该算法的跳变频率估计性能高于基于压缩感知的跳变频率估计,亦能精确估计跳频信号的跳变时刻。仿真结果显示,在信噪比高于-2 dB,压缩比高于0.5时,基于该算法的归一化跳变频率估计误差低于10-4,归一化跳变时刻估计误差低于10-2。     

Multistage adaptive filters for in-phase processing ofline-frequency signals

The authors describe two adaptive multistage digital filters for 50/60-Hz line-frequency signal processing in zero-crossing detectors and synchronous power systems. These filters combine a median filter with adaptive predictors, either finite-impulse response (FIR)- or infinite-impulse response (IIR)-based, thus making it possible to extract the sinusoidal signals from noise and strong disturbances without phase shifting the primary frequency signal. The median filter is used as a prefilter because it can remove deep commutation notches from the waveform. Adaptation allows the filters to track the exact instantaneous line frequency and avoids the selectivity problem encountered with a fixed filter     

一种高频周期信号的低频采样方法

在模拟信号转换为数字信号的过程中,对转换结果影响最大的是采样频率的设定,针对采样频率的设定受到Nyqu ist定理的限制,传统的模拟信号数字化系统可以处理的模拟信号频率较低的现状,文中主要从理论上推导和证明了一种突破Nyqu ist定理的限制方法,使用这种方法可以在模拟信号转换为数字信号的系统中,使用较低采样频率对高频率周期信号进行采样。从而能够使数字处理技术得到更加广泛的应用。     

Standardized evaluation of techniques for measuring the spectralcompression of the myoelectric signal

A digital algorithm was designed to produce band-limited noise with adjustable median frequency and amplitude. This algorithm produces test signals with spectral characteristics typical of those of the surface myoelectric signals encountered in muscle fatigue studies. These synthesized signals provide the basis for standardized evaluation of the performance of various techniques which monitor the spectral compression of the myoelectric signal during muscle fatigue.     

Broadband multicarrier communication receiver based on analog to digital conversion in the frequency domain

This paper introduces a multicarrier communication receiver for broadband applications based on analog to digital conversion (ADC) of the received signal in the frequency domain. The samples of the spectrum of the received signal are used in the digital receiver to estimate the transmitted symbols through a matched filter operation in the discrete frequency domain. The proposed receiver is aimed at the reception of high information rates in a multicarrier signal with very large bandwidth. Thus, the receiver architecture provides a solution to some of the challenging problems found in the implementation of conventional wideband multicarrier receivers based on time-domain ADC, since It efficiently parallelizes the A/D conversion reducing the sampling speed requirements. We show that the sampling rate requirements are relaxed as the number of frequency samples is increased, which introduces a trade-off between complexity and sampling rate. The new receiver possesses additional advantages, including scalability with increasing frequency samples, the possibility of optimally allocating the available number of bits for the ATD conversion across the frequency domain samples which potentially reduces the distortion introduced by the high-speed ADC, narrowband interference suppression that can be directly carried out in the frequency domain, and inherent robustness to frequency offset which makes it an attractive solution when compared with traditional multicarrier receivers. We also investigate how the proposed receiver responds to common multicarrier communication receiver problems such as phase noise and channel frequency selectivity.     

一种GMSK的均衡方法

针对GMSK信号的一种基于鉴频以后利用FFT变换来进行突发检测和时偏估计的算法,介绍了一种适用于调频信号的均衡方法.由于调频信号经过鉴频器以后得到一个实信号(可以看作是一个近似的二相调制),利用此特性采用基于信道估计(CEQCID)的均衡算法,利用巴克码良好的自相关性来估计信道的特性,采用判决反馈均衡器(DFE)来对信号进行均衡,得到的效果较好.由于将信号转化为实信号,使计算复杂度大大降低.     

Directed graph representation for root-signal set of median filters

Median filtering is a simple digital technique for smoothing signals. A root signal is defined as an invariant signal to the median filtering. We describe directed graph representation for the root-signal set of median filters. The directed graph representation allows us to obtain a set of roots and the number of roots in a straightforward manner.     

基于小波变换的非均匀采样信号频谱的研究

该文提出基于小波变换的非均匀采样信号频谱的检测方法,给出变换函数关系使得非均匀采样信号满足小波变换的两个基本条件。文中说明了小波的非均匀化过程,从均匀小波得到非均匀小波,以非均匀小波分析非均匀采样信号,得到非均匀采样信号的频谱。文中还说明了非均匀小波变换的抗混叠的原理以及对信号频谱的检测方法,最后给出实验结果。理论和实验表明,非均匀采样信号的小波变换方法是一种行之有效的非均匀采样信号的频率检测方法,使用该方法处理信号可以得到准确的频率估计效果。