基于积累型MOS变容管的射频压控振荡器设计

随着移动通信技术的发展,射频（RF）电路的研究引起了广泛的重视。采用标准CMOS工艺实现压控振荡器（VCO）,是实现RF CMOS集成收发机的关键。过去的VCO电路大多采用反向偏压的变容二极管作为压控器件,然而在用实际工艺实现电路时,会发现变容二极管的品质因数通常都很小,这将影响到电路的性能。于是,人们便尝试采用其它可以用CMOST艺实现的器件来代替一般的变客二极管,MOS变容管便应运而生了。     

光学差分参量放大布里渊时域分析优化研究

为了优化设计基于光学差分参量放大的布里渊光时域分析抽运的脉冲编码形式以及斯托克斯光与反斯托克斯光脉宽差,采用微扰法和小信号近似法,获得了探测光与斯托克斯光脉冲、反斯托克斯光脉冲在较小作用区域内的脉冲响应,对其性能进行了理论分析与数值验证。结果表明,相位斯托克斯光脉冲可有效压缩布里渊增益谱宽,提高布里渊信号信噪比;当斯托克斯光与反斯托克斯光传感脉冲脉宽差为8ns时,探测光布里渊增益最大。这一结果对进一步分析基于光学差分参量放大的布里渊光时域分析系统性能以及开展相关实验研究是有帮助的。     

A physically based, scalable MOS varactor model and extraction methodology for RF applications

A physically based scalable model for MOS varactors, including analytical surface potential based charge modeling and physical geometry and process parameter based parasitic modeling, is proposed. Key device performances of capacitance and quality factor Q are validated over a wide voltage, frequency, and geometrical space. The model, implemented in Verilog-A for simulator portability, provides for robust and accurate RF simulation of MOS varactors.     

Noise calculations and experimental results of varactor tunableoscillators with significantly reduced phase noise

The single-sideband phase noise of varactor tunable GaAs MESFET oscillators is investigated. Two oscillator circuits with different microstrip resonator circuits were designed and fabricated. Using a resonator consisting of coupled microstrip lines instead of a single microstrip line, which is a planar monolithically integrable structure, phase noise is reduced significantly because the quality factor is higher for the coupled resonator. The phase noise is calculated using a nonlinear time domain method, which solves the Langevin equations, describing the deterministic and stochastic behavior of an oscillator by perturbation methods. Calculated and measured phase noise agree within the accuracy of measurements. The very low phase noise of 95 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset frequency is achieved     

Impact ionization MOS (I-MOS)-Part II: experimental results

Part I of this paper dealt with the fundamental understanding of device physics and circuit design in a novel transistor, based on the field-effect control of impact-ionization (I-MOS). This paper focuses on experimental results obtained on various silicon-based prototypes of the I-MOS. The fabricated p-channel I-MOS devices showed extremely abrupt transitions from the OFF state to the ON state with a subthreshold slope of less than 10 mV/dec at 300 K. These first experimental prototypes of the I-MOS also showed significant hot carrier effects resulting in threshold voltage shifts and degradation of subthreshold slope with repeated measurements. Hot carrier damage was seen to be much worse in nMOS devices than in pMOS devices. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the hot carrier damage was caused by holes (electrons) underneath the gate in pMOS (nMOS) devices and, thus, consequently explained the difference in hot carrier effects in p-channel versus n-channel I-MOS transistors. Recessed channel devices were also explored to understand the effects of surfaces on the enhancement in the breakdown voltage in I-MOS devices. In order to reduce the breakdown voltage needed for device operation, simple p-i-n devices were fabricated in germanium. These devices showed much lower values of breakdown voltage and excellent matches to MEDICI simulations.     

An experimental and theoretical analysis of double-diffused MOS transistors

An experimental and theoretical study of double-diffused MOS transistors (DMOST's) has been made. A simple, analytic two-transistor model gives insight into DMOS device physics as well as predicting DMOST characteristics. Both the model and experimental results show that three distinct regions of operation exist: short-channel control, long-channel control, and carrier velocity saturation control. Quantitative criteria are established for judging the region of operation as a function of device parameters and terminal voltages. A DMOST may be optimized to have the same d.c. characteristics as its short-channel component transistor over most of its operating range. A two-transistor model suitable for Computer-Aided Circuit Design (CAD) is also presented.     

An analysis and experimental approach to MOS controlled diodesbehavior

The metal oxide semiconductor (MOS)-controlled diode (MCD) is a new class of power semiconductor diode that can achieve ideal diode performance. In this paper, experimental verification of the MCD key concept is presented for the first time by using commercially available power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) operating as MCDs. Measurements of the reverse recovery currents and reverse recovery charges of these “MCDs” are obtained and compared with the body diodes of the MOSFETs. These measurements suggest that MCDs can reduce the reverse recovery current, storage charge, and switching loss significantly. Optimized MCD performances at 1.2 kV, 2.4 kV, and 4.5 kV are also predicted based on numerical simulations. Ideal performance of the MCD close to that predicted by the device simulation should be obtained once an optimized MCD is developed     

Simple K-band MMIC VCO utilizing a miniaturized hairpin resonator and a three-terminal p-HEMT varactor with low phase noise and high output power properties

Presents a fully monolithic K-band MMIC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) implemented by using a 0.25 /spl mu/m AlGaAs/InGaAs pseudomorphic HEMT (p-HEMT) technology. The use of a half-wavelength miniaturized hairpin-shaped resonator and a three-terminal p-HEMT varactor was effective in reducing the chip size and simplifying fabrication processes of the microwave MMIC VCO without impairing the performance of the circuit. The VCO provides a typical output power of 11.5 dBm at 20.8 GHz and a free-running phase noise of -82 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset and -95 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. It also shows a tuning range of 70 MHz with little reduction in output power and high yield properties. The chip size of the MMIC VCO is 1.5 /spl times/ 2.0 mm/sup 2/.     

A multiwavelength short pulse source based on saturated optical fiber parametric amplification

We describe a 10-GHz multiwavelength pulse source based on high-order four-wave mixing products generated by a saturated optical fiber parametric amplifier. We employ a nonlinear modulation scheme for the pump which plays two roles. First, it enables us to use a high pump power with no phase modulation, and second, it yields narrow (6 ps) pulses with a constant spectral width and the same jitter level (/spl sim/150 fs) for the signal and three idler wavelengths.     

级联光参量振荡与放大技术研究进展

高性能中红外激光源在科研、民用及军事对抗等领域具有重要的应用价值。级联光参量振荡与放大技术可以显著提高抽运光子利用率,是获取高转换效率、高光束质量和系统高度集成中红外激光的有效方式。介绍了级联光参量振荡与放大技术的基础理论、典型结构以及常用非线性光学晶体,评述了级联光参量振荡与放大技术的研究进展,分析了级联光参量振荡与放大技术在非线性晶体制备、废热管理和镀膜工艺等方面面临的挑战,并对这项技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Analysis and experimental results of a single-stagehigh-power-factor electronic ballast based on flyback converter

A new single-stage high-power-factor electronic ballast based on a flyback converter is presented in this paper. The ballast is able to supply a fluorescent lamp assuring a high-input power factor for the utility line. Other features are lamp power regulation against line voltage variations and low lamp current crest factor, both assuring long lamp life. The ballast is analyzed at steady-state operation, and design equations and characteristics are obtained. Also, a procedure for the ballast design is presented. Finally, simulation and experimental results from a laboratory prototype are shown     

Spatiotemporal EEG/MEG source analysis based on a parametric noise covariance model

A method is described to incorporate the spatiotemporal noise covariance matrix into a spatiotemporal source analysis. The essential feature is that the estimation problem is split into two parts. First, a model is fitted to the observed noise covariance matrix. This model is a Kronecker product of a spatial and a temporal matrix. The spatial matrix models the spatial covariances by a function dependent on sensor distance. The temporal matrix models the temporal covariances as lag dependent. In the second part, sources are estimated given this noise model, which can be done very efficiently due to the Kronecker formulation. An application to real electroencephalogram (EEG) data shows that the noise model fits the data very well. Simulation results show that the resulting source estimates are more precise than those obtained from a standard analysis neglecting the noise covariance. In addition, the estimated standard errors of the source parameter estimates are far more precise than those obtained from a standard analysis. Finally, the source parameter standard errors are used to investigate the effects of temporal sampling. It is shown that increasing the sampling by a factor x, decreases the standard errors of all source parameters with the square root of x.     

VDES R-Mode performance analysis and experimental results

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have become an essential part of maritime navigation, in particular to improve situational awareness and vessel traffic management. The dependence on GNSS creates vulnerability for maritime shipping. Driven by this vulnerability, the desire for a backup system for maritime navigation has been emerging. The VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) standard provides communication capabilities for maritime applications. VDES is currently being revised. As part of this revision, VDES will be extended by ranging and navigation functionalities, called R-Mode, as an alternative for maritime navigation. In this paper, we address system design aspects and evaluate the positioning performance of VDES R-Mode. We derive estimation theory bounds on the accuracy of VDES R-Mode distance and velocity. In a case study, we discuss and evaluate the benefit of satellite links to complement VDES R-Mode positioning. Furthermore, we introduce a Kalman filter for position and velocity tracking, which we apply to experimental data. We describe an experiment we conducted at Lake Ammer, southwest of Munich, and evaluate the VDES R-Mode positioning performance for this setup. Our experimental results show that VDES R-Mode is capable of achieving a 95th-percentile horizontal position error of 22 m. Thus, VDES R-Mode is a promising approach for a maritime backup system that can meet the IALA accuracy requirements.     

The effect of pump coherence on frequency conversion and parametric amplification

The consequences of the deviation from ideal coherence of the driving (pump) field in nonlinear processes are examined. A detailed treatment of the processes of parametric amplification and frequency upconversion is presented. The treatment utilizes two different approximation methods to suit the two different physical situations considered. For slow phase variations of the pump field an adiabatic approach is useful, whereas in the treatment of fast phase variations (the nonadiabatic case) an equation describing the time evolution of thePrepresentation is found to be a good starting point. In this latter case, a closed hierarchy of equations for the moments of the photon number distribution in the signal (or idler) mode is found. In particular, we find that the efficiencies of both the amplification and the upconversion processes are reduced as a result of pump incoherence, the reduction becoming more severe in the highly incoherent case. For the frequency converter, the very nature of the process is modified as compared to the ideal case, and this modification is again of particular significance for the highly incoherent pump. Second-order moments are explicitly calculated and some of the statistical properties of the output signals are examined.     

60 GHz OCS mm-wave generation for ROF system based on saturated parametric amplification effect in HNLF

A novel approach to generate 60 GHz optical carrier suppression (OCS) millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal based on the saturated optical parametric amplification (OPA) effect in high non-linear fiber (HNLF) is investigated. In the proposed system, the OPA effect occurs when the signal and pump with 30 GHz frequency interval are set into the high non-linear fiber. By controlling the length of HNLF, OPA effect saturates, and the pump power is delivered in a large extent to the signal and idler light, so a 60 GHz OCS mm-wave is generated. The system does not need high-speed external modulator, high-frequency vibration source or narrow-band filter, which greatly reduces the cost and improves the stability of the radio over fiber (ROF) system. Results show that the 10 Gb/s downstream signal can be transmitted with negligible power penalty.     

An improved technique and experimental results for the extractionof electron and hole mobilities in MOS accumulation layers

For the first time, experimental results are presented for electron and hole mobilities in the electron and hole accumulation layers of a MOSFET for a wide range of doping concentrations. Also presented is an improved methodology that has been developed in order to enable more accurate extraction of the accumulation layer mobility. The measured accumulation layer mobility for both electrons and holes is observed to follow a universal behavior at high transverse electric fields, similar to that observed for minority carriers in MOS inversion layers. At low to moderate transverse fields, the effective carrier mobility values are greater than the bulk mobility values for the highest doping levels. This is due to screening by accumulated carriers of the ionized impurity scattering by accumulated carriers, which dominates at higher doping concentrations. For lower doping levels, surface phonon scattering is dominant at low to moderate transverse fields so that the carrier mobility is below the bulk mobility value     

Estimated generalized least squares electromagnetic source analysis based on a parametric noise covariance model

Estimated generalized least squares (EGLS) electromagnetic source analysis is used to downweight noisy and correlated data. Standard EGLS requires many trials to accurately estimate the noise covariances and, thus, the source parameters. Alternatively, the noise covariances can be modeled parametrically. Only the parameters of the model describing the noise covariances need to be estimated and, therefore, less trials are required. This method is referred to as parametric egls (PEGLS). In this paper, PEGLS is developed and its performance is tested in a simulation study and in a pseudoempirical study.     

An all optical addressing circuit: experimental results andscalability analysis

The authors present results from two laboratory experiments of both single and parallel selection in a one of four optical addressing circuit operating at 250 MHz using coincident pulse addressing. The first experiment is an examination of the coincident pulse power, as a function of the synchronization of the arriving pulses. The second experiment demonstrates the ability to select arbitrary subsets of the detectors with a select pulse train operating at 250 MHz. The two experiments contrast the temporal and physical scalability of coincident pulse systems and show that the dominant effects are power distribution limits on the physical scale of these systems