光纤法-布应变传感器在桥梁状态监测中的应用

光纤法-布(F-P)应变传感器具有稳定性好、精度高、抗电磁干扰能力强等特点,在桥梁结构状态监测中得到日益广泛的应用.介绍了F-P应变传感器的基本原理、结构及系统,并将该系统实际应用于大桥结构状态监测中.测量结果表明:光纤F-P应变传感器的测量数据能够有效地反映桥梁结构混凝土内部受温度影响的应变变化,测量系统运行正常有效.     

基于虚拟仪器技术的光纤应变测试系统

分析了光纤应变传感器的基本原理,并在实验室与电阻式应变传感器进行了应变对比测试实验.结合计算机虚拟仪器技术,以桥梁结构为被测对象,设计了基于法-珀光纤传感技术的应变测试系统.系统通过PC-DAQ采集平台和LabVIEW实现数据的自动采集和处理.应用结果表明,该系统不但具有传统电测法的优点,同时具有灵敏度高、抗干扰性强的特点,可用于大型结构健康状态的在线监测,在工程实际应用中具有重要意义.     

桥梁疲劳监测传感器设计

设计了一种桥梁疲劳监测传感器,它通过电阻不可逆变化的疲劳载荷响应机理拾取结构损伤信号。所设计的独特应变倍增器可将微弱的交变应变信号进行机械放大,使敏感元件在桥梁高周疲劳载荷作用下仍工作在敏感区。解决了疲劳敏感元件存在的较高动应变响应门槛值与结构较低动应变损伤间的矛盾,采用弓形弹性元件与硅橡胶预应力组合结构,得到了可靠性好、刚度低、放大率高及使用方便的理想结构,从而满足了桥梁结构长寿命、低应力工作特点的寿命检测要求。静载和疲劳试验说明:所设计的传感器具有很高的疲劳灵敏度、长期稳定性,完全适用于桥梁结构的高周疲劳检测。     

虚拟仪器技术在桥梁监测系统中的应用

本文介绍了基于虚拟仪器技术设计的桥梁健康监测系统,它采用灵敏度高的光纤应变传感技术,可对桥梁应变进行健康监测.实验结果表明,该系统可实现长时间、大容量的数据采集,具有测量精度高,操作方便,功能强大,便于扩展等优点.     

F-P光纤应变监测系统在桥梁工程中的应用探讨

介绍了基于多波长复色光F-P光纤干涉原理,利用F-P光纤应变传感器组成了对桥梁主梁的应变实时监测系统,并对其监测系统的安装和应用工程中存在的问题进行讨论.     

自适应加权数据融合在应变检测中的应用

本文论述多传感器数据融合的基本工作原理;针对大跨度屋顶结构应变检测系统的特点,给出了自适应加权融合算法,其可有效地提高应变检测系统的抗干扰能力,保证应变异常检测的可靠性和准确性.     

基于虚拟仪器应变测量系统的设计和研究

本文主要介绍了基于虚拟仪器的应变测量系统的软硬件设计方法.采用LabVIEW可视化的虚拟仪器系统开发平台,把传统仪器的功能模块集成在一台计算机中,用户可以在最基本的硬件支持下,通过修改虚拟仪器的软件来改变它的功能与规模.该系统实现了应变的自动测量,并通过计算机完成数据的处理、分析和存储以及将数据网络发布,能满足应变测量内容的多样性对应变测量仪器提出的各种不同要求.     

多传感器融合技术在应变检测中的应用

论述了多传感器数据融合的基本工作原理和过程;针对大跨度屋顶结构应变检测系统的特点,给出了基于多传感器认识模型的模糊逻辑法及其融合计算方法,可有效地提高应变检测系统的抗干扰能力,以便在出现应变异常时予以诊断识别异常类型,保证应变异常检测的可靠性和准确性.     

一种新型的桥梁结构健康远程监控系统*

提出了一种新型的桥梁结构健康远程监控系统,能满足恶劣工作环境、抗电磁场干扰、抗腐蚀、抗潮湿等要求,并可通过互联网对大型桥梁结构健康进行可靠的远程监控.系统由布设在结构监控点处进行应变和温度监测的光纤光栅传感器、对传感信号进行解调的光纤光栅解调仪、对传感数据进行采集处理的软件模块和将监控数据通过互联网传输到监控中心的传输模块以及在线远程监控模块等部分组成.     

复杂多态系统的冗余备份元件优化

在复杂的多态系统中,系统可靠性非常重要,最常见的是冷热备份模式来实现系统的可靠性.本文中我们提出了混合冗余备份模式,计算复杂系统的可靠性和任务成本,解决复杂系统中的备份元件优化分布和初始化问题.本文主要是通过离散数学的概率分布计算复杂系统中元件的可靠性和任务成本,利用量子遗传算法来解决冗余备份元件的优化分布问题.最后同时通过仿真实验来计算出系统的可靠性和预期的任务成本,以及冗余备分元件的优化分布,得出了复杂系统可靠性与成本的平衡关系.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.