磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂灭火性能的计算比较

阐述了磷酸铵盐干粉灭火剂灭火性能的计算比较方法。干粉灭火剂的灭火过程可用两个重要参数表征 ,即最大灭火效能和小粒子 (<38μm)的最佳比。在粒度分布的基础上 ,通过计算上述两个重要参数 ,相互比较 ,可初步了解它们的灭火性能 ,及时监测产品质量。     

油类火灾灭火剂及其应用研究进展

归纳了油类火灾的特点 ,同时对应用于油类火灾的几种常用灭火剂从灭火机理、灭火效果等方面进行了分析 ,指出了它们存在的优缺点。     

国际空间站环境中对二氧化碳灭火剂浓度的要求

在宇宙飞船上灭火是一个至关重要的问题。当前 ,国际空间站 (ISS,International Space Station)灭火时需要包括 5 0 %浓度的二氧化碳 (CO2 )灭火剂。这一要求与 NFPA 12一致 ,该管理标准适合于 CO2 灭火系统 ,它要求 5 0 %的浓度用于阴燃火灾、34%的浓度用于有焰燃烧。开发 NFPA12是用于地面环境灭火。本文论述材料在微重力下、特别是针对在 ISS环境中的燃烧 ,并估算在微重力下二氧化碳灭火剂所需浓度。在 ISS环境中通常有 2 0 .9%的氧气 ,NFPA的要求足以在轨道微重力条件下扑灭有焰燃烧。对于初始氧气浓度大于 2 5 %的环境 ,如果要求 CO2 浓度小于34% ,那么应进行材料实验。     

固体微粒气溶胶灭火剂热分解及燃烧性能研究

通过原位红外分析和 TG分析 ,研究了固体微粒气溶胶灭火剂的热分解过程 ,探讨了灭火剂中氧化剂含量、氧化剂种类、燃烧剂含量和药柱密度对燃烧性能的影响。气溶胶固体微粒粒度分布、气体成分和固体微粒的化学组成分析结果表明 ,固体微粒气溶胶灭火剂形成的气溶胶产物有良好的抑制火焰的性能。     

关于七氟丙烷气体灭火系统灭火剂用量问题的探讨

对七氟丙烷气体灭火系统设计中关于灭火剂用量方面的常见问题进行分析探讨,并提出建议.     

Considerations on arcing as a fire cause

It has been concluded in this study that the evidence of arcing is not a sufficient reason to blame electricity as the cause of fire. Note: Dr. Béland is Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Sherbrooke.     

浅议注氮防火控制装置

提出了一种基于AT89C51单片机的注氮防火控制装置的软硬件设计方案,采用氧化锆氧传感器作为氧含量探测器,通过数码管、LED显示和蜂鸣器报警监测防护区域中氧气含量,通过控制压电阀门的开合程度调整注入氮气流量,实现控制防护区域中氧气含量的功能。该装置具有稳定、精确和操作方便的特点。     

The evaluation of the fire risk as a basis for planning automatic fire protection systems

The European Fire Alarm Manufacturers Association has developed a proposed method for evaluating fire risk, which could be used to determine that fire protection measures should be taken for a given property. Note: This paper was presented at the 76th Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association on May 18, 1972 in Philadelphia, Pa.     

Fuel tank inerting and fire fighting,with liquid nitrogen

The vapor space in fuel tanks becomes a serious hazard when the vapor-to-air ratio falls within the explosive limits of the mixture. the author discusses a system that prevents the formation of explosive mixtures by using liquid nitrogen to render the vapor space inert. Parker Hannifin Corporation Note: The author presented this paper at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association in New York City on May 13, 1969.     

Charring rate of wood as a tool for fire investigations

Experimental studies on charring of wood are reviewed with the objective of providing guidance for interpretation of char patterns in fire investigations. It is shown that in room fires, the charring rate of wood members that do not have gaps or joints is similar in magnitude to values obtained from fire-resistance tests. But floors and other assemblies having joints that are not solidly glue-laminated char through much more rapidly. Especially rapid charring rates in floor constructions imply high heat fluxes and good ventilation—they are not an indicator that liquid accelerants were used. Fires started with a liquid fuel that do not lead to widespread involvement of other combustibles within the room leave easily recognized burn patterns.     

某购物中心利用步行街作为防火分隔的探讨

以某含有顶商业步行街的购物中心为例,探讨步行街作为防火隔离带的可行性,采取相应的强化消防措施,如限定商铺面积、商铺设计为独立的防火单元等,并利用FDS对建筑火灾、烟气蔓延和热辐射情况进行分析,结果表明步行街作为防火分隔理论可行,实际中还应加强消防管理。     

一种新型的煤矿防灭火制氮机——变压吸附（PSA）碳分子筛制氮机

煤矿利用氮气防灭火已有多年,最早主要利用深冷制氮技术固定厂房内安置机组制取氮气,为就近矿井服务,但因其体积庞大、能耗高、操作维修复杂而被淘汰。随着空分技术的发展,碳分子筛、高分子聚合物膜这些吸附材料的应用,制造出碳分子筛制氮机和膜分离制氮装置。这为煤矿选择氮气灭火设备提供了便利。这两种氮气发生装置与深冷制氮机相比,优点突出,基本满足煤矿安全生产注氮防火的条件要求。汾西机器厂皆利空分设备实业公司生产的变压吸附(PSA)碳分子筛制氮机,其工艺流程溶入了美国KEMP流程与德国BF流程的特长,简单可靠。该设备具有一次性…     

IG 100氮气灭火系统的应用

简述IG100氮气灭火系统的应用研究过程,提出系统设计的基本思路和原理。     

穿越建筑物的消防车道作为防火分隔的可行性研究

借用森林防火中"防火带"的概念,拟采用一定宽度的消防车道替代防火墙的方式解决防火分区划分的问题,并对其可行性进行研究.     

浅谈化工火灾调查工作的疑难点——以一起烷基铝火灾事故案件为例

化工火灾通常会发生爆炸、泄漏,火灾发展影响因素多且快,火灾发生发展机理复杂且因为爆炸、泄漏的发生导致取证困难。在化工火灾事故调查中,又往往会以"爆炸"与"燃烧"发生的顺序来界定事故性质、区分事故调查主体单位。文章通过分析一起化工火灾事故案件办理过程,简要分析火灾调查工作在此类案件中的主要工作内容与所遇到的困难,并提出相应的解决办法。     

Analysis, synthesis and simulation of fire signals as a tool for the test of automatic fire detection systems

A simulation method for the test of one input fire detection algorithm is presented. A signal model is described, capable of synthesising time variant random signal sequences with similar statistical properties, as observed for signals of smoke- and temperature-measuring devices in reality. The time varying model parameters are derived from recorded signals in realistic environmental conditions. The necessary analysis method is discussed.

The simulation method is equally well suited for synthesising signal sequences in the ‘fire-’ and ‘nonfire’ case, which is necessary for the detectivity test of a detection algorithm. A fast transputer implementation yields acceptable calculation times even for estimates of the false alarm rate, corresponding to years observation time in reality.     

注氮方式对综合管廊液氮灭火效果影响实验研究

为了研究综合管廊内液氮的灭火效果,搭建了一个缩尺寸综合管廊液氮灭火实验平台,通过分析注入管廊后的液氮与火焰相互作用以及火源附近温度和氧气浓度的变化来研究液氮的灭火效果。结果表明：液氮的灭火过程是冷却降温和隔氧窒息共同作用的结果,其中隔氧窒息占主导作用。同时,液氮释放距离越长,灭火时间越长,液氮对火源的抑制效果越弱,但对火焰区域的气体扰动越强,0 m处注氮较4 m处注氮灭火效率提升49%。此外,当液氮释放距离在一定范围内时,垂直注氮的灭火效能优于水平注氮,0 m处垂直注氮灭火效率较水平注氮提升18.7%,随着液氮释放距离的增加,二者的差距逐渐减小。因此,精准探测火源位置,优化注氮方式,可达到最佳的灭火效果。     

Arcing phenomenon as related to fire investigation

A mathematical analysis of arcing phenomenon is presented as related to fire. It is shown that arcing has a great destructive power while a short circuit has not. Experimental results are also given. Note: Dr. Béland, ing., is a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, and conducts research on fire, particularly fires of electrical origin.     

Foams and gels as fire protection agents

Fire protection foams and gels are used as temporary barriers to protect samples from incident thermal radiation thus delaying their ignition. Comparative measurements of the thermal behavior of these agents are made using a radiant heat exposure. The results of this comparison clearly show that thermal protection is obtained by two different mechanisms. The conduction-dominated gel operates at near saturation conditions (100°C). The radiation-dominated foam provides complete protection at ambient conditions (20–30°C) for about half the transient duration. Thereafter, the residual foam layer cannot prevent a rapid heat-up of the sample. Tests are performed applying the agents to a flat sample that is then positioned vertically and exposed to radiant heat. The lateral ignition and flame spread test (LIFT) apparatus is used to determine the ignition delay time for the gel. Due to the sample size restrictions associated with the LIFT apparatus, data collection for foams is not possible. Therefore, measurements are conducted in a Radiant Exposure Apparatus (REA) which allows for larger samples subjected to uniform heat fluxes up to 18 kW/m². The data gathered from the LIFT and REA are compared to establish the consistency between the two measurement sets.     

介孔氧化硅的阻燃性能研究

选择4种不同方法制备介孔氧化硅并对其进行表面改性处理.采用热重分析(TG)和燃烧实验对聚乙烯/改性SiO(2)复合材料的热稳定性能和结构变化进行了研究.研究结果表明与未加入SiO(2)的聚乙烯相比,加入SiO(2)有利于提高复合材料的热稳定性能,延缓聚乙烯的热氧化降解,降低聚乙烯的燃烧速率.加入不同方法制备的SiO(2)的复合材料热稳定性能不同,Y2型二氧化硅具有最佳的阻燃效果,在加入量为5%时对聚乙烯热稳定性的改善效果最佳.