用于氟离子浓度检测的水溶性荧光探针的制备

以4-氯-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并(噁)唑(NBD Cl)为原料,4-(2-丙烯酸胺乙基酯)-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并(噁)唑(NB-DAE),然后以2-溴异丁酸乙酯(t-EBiB)为引发剂,CuBr/bpy(2,2'-联吡啶)为催化剂,采用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),将荧光单体与水溶性单体丙烯酸低聚乙二醇酯(OEGMA)共聚,得到水溶性无规共聚物P(OEGMA-co-NBDAE).对产物进行1 H-NMR,GPC,UV-Vis及FL等相关表征.结果表明:成功制备了结构明确的荧光水溶性共聚物,并研究了该荧光聚合物对氟(F)离子的荧光淬灭现象.随F离子浓度的增加,聚合物的荧光强度不断降低,当F离子浓度增至100μL/cm2时,聚合物的荧光强度为初始(来加F离子)强度的0.035倍,几乎完全淬灭.这种对特定离子的荧光淬灭现象为制备水溶性荧光传感器提供了依据.     

超支化荧光聚合物的合成及性能

以季戊四醇为"中心核",与1,2,4-偏苯三酸酐和环氧氯丙烷反应合成超支化聚合物,利用合成聚合物分子外围的羧基与2-(4-羧基苯基-)苯并口恶唑改性乙二醇二缩水甘油醚反应,得到超支化荧光聚合物。通过TG、红外光谱和荧光光谱等手段表征了合成聚合物的热稳定性,及结构与荧光性能的关系。将2-(4-羧基苯基-)苯并口恶唑结构引入超支化聚合物分子外围,其发射光谱的峰值由568 nm紫移至528nm,同时荧光强度增强。     

苯基喹啉/丙烯酸酯共聚物的合成及荧光性能研究

合成了一种新型的喹啉衍生物单体-2-苯基喹啉-4-羧酸-丙烯酸-乙二醇二酯(PQFAED),并通过乳液聚合的方法制备了PQFAED和丙烯酸酯单体(MMA/MAA/BA)的共聚物-P(PQFAED/MMA/MAA/BA)。用IR、UV、GPC、TGA、PGC-MS及荧光光谱表征了单体及共聚物的结构,分析了硝基爆炸物(TNT、RDX及PETN)对该共聚物膜的荧光猝灭作用。结果表明,共聚物薄膜的最大发射波长为436nm,相对于单体的最大发射峰发生了36nm的红移;荧光"结构自猝灭效应",使PQFAED在相同生色团浓度下的荧光强度远低于其相应共聚物的荧光强度;共聚物薄膜对多硝基爆炸物有较好的荧光响应,可作为爆炸物检测的传感材料。     

含不同偶氮苯端基支化聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺的制备及响应行为

分别以3种不同结构的偶氮苯为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为支化单体,氯化亚铜(CuCl)/三(2-二甲氨基乙基)胺(Me6TREN)为催化体系,通过原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制备了含有不同偶氮苯端基的支化聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAM)。研究了紫外光辐照对聚合物最低临界溶解温度(LCST)的影响,采用动态光散射研究了支化PNIPAM在水溶液中的自组装行为。结果表明,偶氮苯端基结构不仅影响聚合物的LCST,且在紫外光照射后发生不同的变化,其中AZO-PNIPAM的LCST无变化(27℃)、HOOC-AZO-PNIPAM的LCST升高1℃(30.5℃~31.5℃),而CH3O-AZO-PNIPAM的LCST却降低了1℃(25.5℃~24.5℃),并且3种聚合物表现出不同的自组装行为。     

含双螺环取代三聚磷腈结构苯并口恶嗪树脂的合成与性能

以六氯环三聚磷腈,1,1′-二羟基联苯,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和含活泼官能团的苯并口恶嗪单体为原料合成了含双螺环取代三聚磷腈结构的苯并口恶嗪单体(HCP)。采用FT-IR,1 H-NMR,13 C-NMR,和31P-NMR进行了表征,并研究了其固化行为以及HCP均聚物和HCP与双酚A苯并口恶嗪树脂(Bz)共聚物的热性能。结果表明,HCP均聚物在氮气氛下的起始热分解温度为333℃,800℃时残炭42%。HCP/Bz共聚物的起始热分解温度为367℃,800℃残炭率达52%,具有比HCP和Bz均聚物更好的热稳定性和成炭性能。     

三类偶氮聚合物的合成及表征

合成了具有大π共轭体系的偶氮染料单体4-(二羟乙胺基)-4‘-硝基偶氮苯(DR-19),选择不同单体与之反应,通过酯化、氨基甲酸酯化反应合成了偶氮聚酯、偶氮聚氨酯Ⅰ和偶氮聚氨酯Ⅱ三种偶氮聚合物.UV-vis、RF光谱研究发现,聚合物具有很好的光性能,且与之反应的单体对紫外、荧光性能有较大影响;DSC、TGA热性能研究发现,与之反应的单体决定了聚合物的热性能.     

基于聚丙烯腈和聚乙二醇的侧链型相变材料的制备及表征

以不同分子量聚乙二醇(PEG)、4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)、丙烯腈(AN)为主要原料,采用两步法先合成大分子单体(HMPEG),然后利用水相沉淀法,将大分子单体与丙烯腈(AN)以及第三单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)接枝共聚,形成一种以丙烯腈和甲基丙酸甲酯聚合物P(AN-coMMA)为主链,大单体(HMPEG)为侧链的系列接枝型相变材料P(AN-co-MMA)-g-HEPEG。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重(TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)对大单体和共聚物的结构、相变行为、热稳定性和晶体结构进行了研究。结果表明,合成的大分子单体及其共聚物是一系列具有稳定的结构、良好的结晶性能、高相变焓及良好热稳定性的相变材料。当PEG分子量为4 000时(m(HMPEG)∶m(AN)=45∶45),接枝型相变材料P(AN-co-MMA)-g-HMPEG4000的熔融峰温度为52℃,结晶峰温度为26℃,热焓为31J/g,在290℃以下热稳定性良好,可用于加工或使用温度较高的环境。     

N-(苯并环丁烯-4-基)马来酰亚胺的Diels-Alder反应及聚合物热稳定性

对N-(苯并环丁烯-4-基)马来酰亚胺(NBCBMI)单体在热引发下发生的Diels-Alder反应进行了初步探索,研究了该单体和苯乙烯(St)及N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)的自由基共聚物分别与NPMI发生的Diels-Alder反应,并对聚合物结构进行了表征分析。通过热重分析研究了Diels-Alder反应前后聚合物热稳定性的变化。结果表明,聚合物DANBCBMI初始分解温度约为500℃,600℃的热失重仅为32.21%,比NBCBMI自由基聚合产物PNB-CBMI的热稳定性有显著提高,而共聚物在发生Diels-Alder反应后的溶解性下降,但热稳定性有一定提高。     

主链含三苯胺链段的TPA-DHPPV共聚物的合成及表征

合成了2,5-二氯甲基-1,4-二己氧基苯、1,4-二己氧基-2,5-二甲苯双(三苯基氯化季膦)和4',4-三苯胺二醛3种单体.通过聚合反应制得了聚1,4-二己氧基对苯乙炔(DH-PPV)和含三苯胺链段的PPV类共聚物(TPA-DHPPV),对聚合物进行了结构表征和性能测试.DH-PPV和TPA-DHPPV聚合物物质结构准确,在紫外光激发下能发出强的蓝绿光,荧光光谱表征说明该类聚合物均能发射较强的荧光,电致发光器件的伏安特性测试表明该类聚合物具有较低的驱动电压和较高的发光亮度,并且该类聚合物具有较高的热稳定性.     

含噻二唑的喹喔啉与二烷基芴交替共聚物的合成及其酸致变色性能

以4,7-二溴-5,6-二硝基[2,1,3]苯并噻二唑为原料通过还原获得二胺基衍生,并分别与5,6二酮-1,10-邻菲罗啉、菲醌、苊醌和联苯甲酰等反应,制备了4个含噻二唑环的单喹喔啉衍生物(M1、M2、M3、M4)。以二乙酸钯(Pd(CH_3COO)_2)和配体三环己基膦的催化下,3个含噻二唑环的单喹喔啉衍生物与2,7-二(4,45,5-四甲基-1,2,3-二氧杂硼酸烷)-9,9-二辛基芴(M5)通过Suzuki反应交替共聚制备4个聚合物(P2、P3、P4)。通过FT-IR和~(1 )H NMR等测试手段对单体及聚合物的结构进行表征。用UV-Vis-Nir光谱和荧光光谱法,研究了聚合物本征态以及与不同浓度的三氟乙酸(TFA)作用时的光学性能。实验结果显示,聚合物P2~P4对低浓度TFA有良好的敏感性,与10~(-2 )mol/L浓度的TFA作用后,P2~P4的CHCl_3溶液的颜色发生明显的变化,同时UV-VisNir光谱上在600~1 000nm出现新的宽吸收带。聚合物荧光光谱结果显示,聚合物P2~P4具有一定的荧光性能,且与与10~(-5 )mol/L的TFA作用时其荧光发射强度明显减弱。     

Fluorescent molecular thermometers based on polymers showing temperature-induced phase transitions and labeled with polarity-responsive benzofurazans

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in aqueous solution undergoes a phase transition at approximately 32 degrees C. The fluorescence properties of benzofurazans are affected by solvent polarity. We combine these two characteristics for the first time to develop sensitive fluorescent molecular thermometers. Five fluorescent monomers having a benzofurazan skeleton were synthesized, and the copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and a small quantity of the fluorescent monomer were obtained to investigate their fluorescence properties. With increase in temperature, the copolymers in water showed the temperature-induced phase transition at approximately 32 degrees C and the fluorescence intensities of the copolymers concurrently increased. Especially, for the copolymer of 4-N-(2-acryloyloxyethyl)-N-methylamino-7-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and NIPAM, the fluorescence intensity at 37 degrees C was 13.3-fold that seen at 29 degrees C. The sensitive range of temperature of these fluorescent molecular thermometers is changed by the replacement of the NIPAM units by N-isopropylmethacrylamide or N-n-propylacrylamide units in the copolymers. The basis of these fluorescent molecular thermometers is the decrease in the microenvironmental polarities near the main chains of the copolymers with increasing temperature, as confirmed from the maximum emission wavelengths of the benzofurazan units in the copolymers. The responses from the copolymers to the change in temperature are reversible and exactly repeatable during at least 10 cycles of heating and cooling.     

Modulation of the sensitive temperature range of fluorescent molecular thermometers based on thermoresponsive polymers

Fluorescent molecular thermometers based on polymers showing a temperature-induced phase transition and labeled with polarity-sensitive fluorescent benzofurazans are the most sensitive known. Here we show a simple and effective method for modulating the sensitive temperature ranges of fluorescent molecular thermometers based on such temperature-responsive polymers. 4-N-(2-acryloyloxyethyl)-N-methylamino-7-N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole was adopted as a polarity-sensitive fluorescent benzofurazan, and nine copolymers of two kinds of acrylamide derivative (N-n-propylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, and/or N-isopropylmethacrylamide) with a small amount of DBD-AE were obtained. The fluorescence intensities of these copolymers in aqueous solution sharply increased with increasing temperature over a small range (6-7 degrees C). In contrast, these fluorescent molecular thermometers differed from one another in the sensitive temperature range (between 20 and 49 degrees C). Moreover, the sensitive temperature ranges were well related to the acrylamide ratios in feed. In addition, the responses from these fluorescent molecular thermometers to the change in temperature were reversible and exactly repeatable during 10 cycles of heating and cooling (relative standard deviation of the fluorescence intensity, 0.44-1.0%).     

A fluorogenic reagent, 4-mercapto-7-methylthio-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole for carboxylic acids, designed by prediction of the fluorescence intensity

During the course of our studies of the development of fluorogenic reagents having a 4,7-disubstituted benzofurazan structure, we previously proposed 7-acetylamino-4-mercapto-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (AABD-SH) as a fluorogenic reagent for carboxylic acids. Since then, progress has made it possible to estimate the fluorescence quantum yields of the 4,7-disubstituted benzofurazan compounds on the basis of the PM3 calculation of their S1-T2 energies. Subsequently, a new fluorogenic reagent, 4-mercapto-7-methylthio-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (MTBDSH) was designed and synthesized. In the presence of condensation reagents, triphenylphosphine (TPP) and 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide (DPDS), MTBD-SH readily reacted with n-caprylic acid within 1 min at room temperature. The derivatives of five carboxylic acids (n-caprylic acid, n-capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid) were well-separated on a reversed-phase column and were fluorimetrically detected at 519 nm with excitation at 391 nm. The detection limits (S/N = 3) were 2.4-5.0 fmol. Thus, MTBD-SH had properties that were considered to be superior. For carboxylic acids, itwas superior not only to AABD-SH, but also to many other conventional reagents. The superiority was examined in terms of its reactivity and sensitivity and the avoidance of interfering peaks that were derived from the reagent itself or degradation products in the chromatogram.     

Chip-based on-line nanospray MS method enabling study of the kinetics of isocyanate derivatization reactions

The reaction of propyl isocyanate (2), benzyl isocyanate (3), and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (4) with 4-nitro-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (1) to yield the corresponding urea derivatives 5 was carried out in a continuous flow glass microfluidics chip. Real-time monitoring of the derivatization reactions was done by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, making use of a recently reported modular chip-MS interface. Rate constants of 1.5 x 10(4), 5.2 x 10(4), and 2.4 x 10(4) M(-1) min(-1) were determined for 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Using macroscale batch conditions, the rate constants are 3-4 times lower. The faster on-chip kinetics is attributed to the more efficient molecular diffusion in the micrometer-sized channel.     

4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole as a fluorogenic labeling reagent for the in vivo analysis of amino acid neurotransmitters using online microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis

4-Fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) has been characterized as a fluorogenic labeling reagent for high speed, online microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis (MD-CE) assays for amino acid neurotransmitters. NBD-F labeled amines are efficiently excited using 488 nm light allowing more common lasers to be used for excitation than has been previously possible. Amino acids were sampled using microdialysis, derivatized using NBD-F in an online reaction, and directly coupled to a high-speed CE separation with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. Separation conditions were optimized allowing baseline separation of 16 amino acids, including glutamate, GABA, glycine, taurine, and D-serine, in 21.5 s. Parameters of the assay, including reaction temperature (80 degrees C), reaction time (5 min), NBD-F concentration (20 mM), and laser power (20 mW), were optimized. Limits of detection for glutamate and GABA were improved over previous assays by 4-fold and 25-fold, respectively. In vivo measurements were made in the rat striatum to demonstrate the effectiveness of the assay. Changes in in vivo concentrations as small as 8-9% could be observed for glycine, d-serine, and l-serine with statistical confidence. Changes in neurotransmitter concentrations induced by stimulation with high-K+ artificial cerebral spinal fluid (aCSF) were observed.     

Enantiomeric Separation and Detection of 2-Arylpropionic Acids Derivatized with [(N,N-Dimethylamino)sulfonyl]benzofurazan Reagents on a Modified Cellulose Stationary Phase by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

(RS)-2-Arylpropionic acids (2-APAs) were derivatized with the fluorogenic reagents, 4-[(N,N-dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PZ) and 4-[[(N-hydrazinoformyl)methyl]-N-methyl]amino-7-[N,N-(dimethylamino)sulfonyl]-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-COHz), and their enantiomeric separation by a chiral stationary phase high-performance liquid chromatography was investigated in the reversed-phase mode with H(2)O/CH(3)CN or H(2)O/MeOH as the mobile phase on a column of cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) coated on a silica gel support (Chiralcel OD-R). The derivatives with DBD-PZ were enantiomerically separated well under the elution condition of H(2)O/MeOH, based on the π-π interaction between the derivatives and the stationary phase. The rigid and bulky structure of DBD-PZ was demonstrated to be more effective as compared to the less rigid ones. The derivatives with DBD-COHz were more efficiently separated into each enantiomer with H(2)O/CH(3)CN as the eluent. The effective separation was based on hydrogen-bonding interaction between the acid hydrazide of the derivatives and the carbamoyl moiety of the stationary phase. There was a reversal in the elution order of the enantiomers between the two fluorescent derivatives. The detection limits obtained for each enantiomer were approximately 10-30 fmol on column. The derivatization with the reagent and the concomitant use of the reversed-phase and chiral stationary-phase HPLC were demonstrated to be useful for the enantiomeric quantification in rat plasma after intravenous administration of flurbiprofen racemate, a representative of 2-APAs.     

Fluorogenic derivatization reagents suitable for isolation and identification of cysteine-containing proteins utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The fluorogenic derivatization reagents with a positive charge, 4-(dimethylaminoethylaminosulfonyl)-7-chloro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DAABD-Cl) and 7-chloro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonylaminoethyltrimethylammonium chloride (TAABD-Cl), are proposed for use in proteomics studies. Following derivatization of protein mixtures with these reagents, a series of standard processes of isolation, digestion, and identification of the proteins were performed utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection and tandem mass spectrometry with the probability-based protein identification algorithm. Both DAABD and TAABD derivatives were detected fluorometrically at the femtomole level and showed more than 100-fold improvement in sensitivity compared to the underivatized original compounds with an electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometer analysis. The modification of the MASCOT database search system memorized with the fragment information of a DAABD-attached Cys residue allowed the identification of the proteolytic peptide fragments of the derivatized bovine serum albumin (BSA) with an estimated 38% sequence coverage of BSA. Utilizing DAABD-Cl as a derivatization reagent, identification of several proteins was also possible in a soluble extract of Caenorhabditis elegans (10 microg of protein). Consequently, for identification of proteins in the complex matrixes of proteins, DAABD-Cl could be a more appropriate reagent than ammonium 7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonate as reported previously.     

Thermoresponsive luminescent electrospun fibers prepared from poly(DMAEMA-co-SA-co-StFl) multifunctional random copolymers

We report novel thermoresponsive electrospun (ES) fibers prepared from multifunctional random copolymers of poly((2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-co-(stearyl acrylate) -co-(9,9-dihexyl-2-(4-vinylpenyl)-9H-fluorene)) (poly(DMAEMA-co-SA-co-StFl)). The moieties of DMAEMA, SA, and StFl were designed to exhibit the thermoresponsive, physical cross-linking, and fluorescent functionality, respectively. The effects of the copolymer compositions on the morphology and photoluminescence of the prepared ES fibers were explored. The prepared P4 copolymer with the DMAEMA/SA/StFl mole ratio of 92/3/5 showed the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32.5 °C. A significant temperature-dependent swelling and de-swelling behavior was found in the P4 ES fibers, which had the diameter of 753 ± 174 nm and 5-10 nm StFl aggregated domain. Accompanied with volume-changing on the P4 ES fibers, a reversible photoluminescence (PL) quenching was also observed during the heating and cooling cycle between 40 and 60 °C. Such reversible switching of the "on-off" PL intensity was probably due to the light absorption ability of the StFl moiety, resulted from the extended/compact structural transformation on the PDMAEMA moiety. Furthermore, the high surface/volume ratio of the ES fibers led a much better temperature response compared with the corresponding spin-coated film. The present study demonstrated that the ES fibers prepared from multifunctional copolymers exhibited the thermoreversible variation on both volume and photoluminescence intensity.     

Fabrication of a thermoresponsive cell culture dish: a key technology for cell sheet tissue engineering

This article reviews the properties and characterization of an intelligent thermoresponsive surface, which is a key technology for cell sheet-based tissue engineering. Intelligent thermoresponsive surfaces grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) exhibit hydrophilic/hydrophobic alteration in response to temperature change. Cultured cells are harvested on thermoresponsive cell culture dishes by decreasing the temperature without the use of digestive enzymes or chelating agents. Our group has developed cell sheet-based tissue engineering for therapeutic uses with single layer or multilayered cell sheets, which were recovered from the thermoresponsive cell culture dish. Using surface derivation techniques, we developed a new generation of thermoresponsive cell culture dishes to improve culture conditions. We also designed a new methodology for constructing well-defined organs using microfabrication techniques.     

Fabrication of a thermoresponsive cell culture dish: a key technology for cell sheet tissue engineering

Abstract

This article reviews the properties and characterization of an intelligent thermoresponsive surface, which is a key technology for cell sheet-based tissue engineering. Intelligent thermoresponsive surfaces grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) exhibit hydrophilic/hydrophobic alteration in response to temperature change. Cultured cells are harvested on thermoresponsive cell culture dishes by decreasing the temperature without the use of digestive enzymes or chelating agents. Our group has developed cell sheet-based tissue engineering for therapeutic uses with single layer or multilayered cell sheets, which were recovered from the thermoresponsive cell culture dish. Using surface derivation techniques, we developed a new generation of thermoresponsive cell culture dishes to improve culture conditions. We also designed a new methodology for constructing well-defined organs using microfabrication techniques.