阜康冶炼厂高冰镍湿法精炼工业化回顾

介绍新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿的特点和国内外高冰镍精炼生产现状,详细阐述硫酸选择性浸出-黑镍除钴-不溶阳极电积的全湿法精炼新工艺的选择及实践,并对铜系统改造提出了建议。     

镍精炼渣及烟气处理生产实践

本镍钻生产系列的镍矿石由会理镍矿采掘,经选矿、粗炼得高冰镍,再由我厂电解精炼得电解镍,副产品有钻、铜、次氯酸钠、亚铵等。如所周知,铜镍硫化矿的处理方法,目前多为火法。传统的是烧结—造锍—吹炼—精炼。而在电解精炼净液、电解过程中所产出的除铁、铜、钴、硫渣料和在高冰镍磨浮中的合金、泼漏物料(再制品)及阳极炉的     

氯化精炼在镍钴湿法冶金中的应用探索

本文以某公司镍精矿为原料,通过借鉴国内外氯化精炼工艺的研究成果和生产实践,在实验室验证了氯化浸出-萃取-电积工艺生产高品质电积镍的可行性,试验结果表明:镍精矿经过镍精矿+阳极泥法置换沉铜后,首先进行氯气浸出,在较佳的工艺参数条件下,置换沉铜率高达99.8％,氯气浸出过程中镍、铜、铁和钴的浸出率分别达到96.02％、10...     

含硫镍铜合金浸后残渣的加压浸取

宾都雷镍公司在津巴布韦拥有一个年产1.4万吨金属镍的冶炼—精炼联合企业,冶炼厂产出一种水淬合金,其典型成份为含镍65%、铜25%、砷0.6%、硫6%.该物料在精炼厂经过两段奥托昆普硫酸浸取法处理,生产高纯阴极镍和低级阴极铜,同时产出一种含镍约12%、铜65%并富集了合金中所有硫元素的残渣,渣中还含可观的铂族金属.目前这种渣返回冶炼厂处理,既增加生产费用,又造成金属损失.今后可能处理来自Great Dyke的含铂铁镍矿,那么残渣中的贵金属含量会大幅度增加,这就促使改进工艺以提高镍、铜和贵金属的直收率.通过对浸后残渣几种处理方案的评价,选择了基于在硫酸溶液中进行非氧化性加压浸出的Sherritt处理工艺.产出含铜70%、硫20%、镍小于1%、砷小于 0.5%的硫化铜精矿,后者适于熔炼和火法精炼成铜阳极,再进行电解精炼得到高级阴级铜,贵金属从阳极泥中回收.为选择流程和建立一个并入现行精炼厂的加压浸取工序提供设计参数,进行了开发试验.文中对试验作了详细讨论,还介绍了计划于1995年开工的工业规模加压浸取车间的设计.     

金川含镍粗铜的阳极炉熔炼

通过热力学分析,得出含镍粗铜在精炼过程中硫和镍应控制的含量。在生产条件下,测得了温度、氧活度同硫、镍含量的关系:当熔炼温度为1180～1220℃,铜液中氧活度a(?)=1.3～1.5时除渣,可使镍含量降至0.79%以下;控制氧化终点a(?)=2.4～2.5,并加搅拌,可将硫含量降到0.005%以下;还原终点氧活度控制在0.06～0.1时,可以浇铸出光亮平整的铜阳极板。     

诺里尔斯克镍业准备收购北德精炼公司

俄罗斯诺里尔斯克镍业公司准备向德国铜生产商北德精炼公司发出每股35欧元的收购要约。     

斯特拉塔拉开全面收购序幕

中国5月进口精炼镍25032吨，同比增加126．8％；中国1-5月进口精炼镍78995吨，同比增加37．38％。     

铜电解电耗因素影响分析及研究

通过铜电解工艺理论分析、电解液物理特性试验、工业试验平台测试,研究了铜电解精炼过程电解液电导率对电耗的影响,确定了电解液温度、硫酸浓度、镍离子浓度与电耗的定量关系,根据现有电解液净化工艺流程,提出最佳镍离子浓度值。     

国际镍公司的阳极铜卖给鹰桥公司精炼

据国外媒体报道，加拿大国际镍公司和鹰桥公司签署了一个为期10年的合同，合同规定国际镍公司生产的全部阳极铜，卖给鹰桥公司精炼成阴极铜．由鹰桥公司位于魁北克蒙特利尔市东部的加拿大铜精炼厂（CCR）精炼。此合同于2006年1月1日生效。     

新技术与新成果

从镍、铁氯化物废液中提取镍的方法；制备镍粉的方法；低品位红土镍矿堆浸提镍钴的方法；一种硫化镍物料生产镍高锍的方法；铜火法精炼还原使用的煤基还原剂。     

Confinement of Damaged and Nondamaged Structural Concrete with FRP and TRC Sleeves

The potential for using textiles impregnated with cement as a means for in situ strengthening and retrofit of structural concrete was explored and compared with the conventional epoxy method. Fabrics of different geometries, yarns, and modulus values were evaluated. Simulation of repair and strengthening was carried out by wrapping fabric impregnated with cement and epoxy around damaged and undamaged concrete cylinders. The cylinders with the impregnated sleeves were loaded in compression, and their performance was compared with that of the “virgin” (control) concrete. In addition, the mechanical properties of the cement composite layer were evaluated, as well as the stiffness of the fabrics themselves, and correlated with that of the repaired system. Efficient repair with the cement binder was accomplished with the high modulus fabric (Kevlar) in particular. However, even the lower modulus (polypropylene) could be effective in repairing and inducing some postpeak resistance (although to a smaller extent than with the Kevlar). Improved behavior was also obtained with the nondamaged concrete cylinder when it was strengthened with the cement–fabric jacket, mainly at composite strain values of up to 0.2–0.3%.     

Does Volunteering With Children Affect Attitudes Toward Adults With Disabilities? A Prospective Study of Unequal Contact.

Objectives: Determine effects of volunteering with children with disabilities on attitudes toward adults with disabilities; examine predictors of social distance. Setting: Pediatric educational-rehabilitation center. Method: Seventy-one adult volunteers completed measures before and after volunteering for 4 to 10 months with children with physical or hearing impairments. Main outcome variables: Questionnaire measures of social distance, self- and other-focused attitudes, thoughts, and affect toward adults with disabilities. Results: Volunteering decreased social distance and had the greatest impact on comfort and ease, regardless of the group with which participants volunteered. There was little change in thoughts and beliefs about people with disabilities. Social distance was best predicted by an other-focused variable: thoughts about the person with a disability. Conclusions: Working with children with disabilities diminished social distance and improved self-focused aspects of attitudes, thoughts, and feelings. This experience generally did not affect other-focused views, which are important for interaction with peers with disabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Visual filtering and focusing among persons with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and no psychiatry history.

Assessed filtering and the ability to narrow attentive focusing among 30 persons with schizophrenia (mean age 44 yrs), 14 persons with major depression (MDD; mean age 46 yrs), and 20 normal persons (mean age 46 yrs). Conditions varied with the presence of distracters and their proximity to a target, and the presence of a window cue used to facilitate filtering. Among both the persons with schizophrenia and those with no psychiatric history, RTs were longest with distracters located closest to targets, and performance was not related to the presence of the window. The performance of persons with MDD was adversely affected with distracters located closest to targets, and facilitated with the presence of the window. These findings are consistent with relatively intact filtering and focusing in schizophrenia, and a filtering deficiency in MDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Anhedonia as a phenotype for the Val1??Met COMT polymorphism in relatives of patients with schizophrenia.

The Val1??Met polymorphism of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been associated with aspects of schizophrenia that are possibly related to the disorder's pathogenesis. The present study investigated the Val1??Met polymorphism in relation to anhedonia--a construct central to negative schizotypy. Anhedonia and other schizotypal characteristics were assessed in relatives of patients with schizophrenia, relatives of patients with bipolar disorder, and nonpsychiatric controls using the Chapman schizotypy scales and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Compared with controls, relatives of individuals with schizophrenia had elevated scores on Chapman scales for social anhedonia and physical anhedonia, while relatives of patients with bipolar disorder exhibited only increased scores on the Social Anhedonia Scale. As a group, relatives of patients with schizophrenia who were homozygous for the val allele of the COMT polymorphism showed the highest elevations in self-reported social and physical anhedonia. Associations with the COMT polymorphism were absent in relatives of patients with bipolar disorder and control participants. Findings suggest that anhedonia is manifest in individuals who carry genetic liability for schizophrenia and is associated with the Val1??Met polymorphism of the COMT gene. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

铌微合金钢中碳氮化铌化学组成的计算与分析

采用由热力学计算方法导出的二元微合金碳氮化物化学组成的理论计算公式,对一系列铌微合金钢中在奥氏体中沉淀析出的碳氮化铌的化学组成进行了实际计算,计算结果与有关文献给出的实验结果基本吻合。计算结果表明,碳氮化铌中碳化铌的摩尔分数x随温度的变化曲线一般为具有一极大值的连续上凸曲线;钢的化学成分中C量升高将使x增大,N量升高将使x减小,Nb量升高将使x增大;C、N量升高将使x取极大值的温度升高,而Nb量升高将使该极值温度降低。     

勘查程度不均衡的大面积探矿权价值评估

根据地质勘查有无探得矿产资源,可将勘查程度不均衡的大面积探矿权划分为有储量和无储量两个区。依据储量规模和地质特征,又可将有储量区划分为若干个井田,并在确定每个井田生产能力的基础上,可以规划出有储量区的生产能力。然后采用收益途径的评估方法评估出探矿权有储量区的价值,采用市场途径或成本途径的评估方法评估出探矿权无储量区的价值,二者之和就是该类探矿权的价值。实践表明,这种评估方法能较好地反映勘查程度不均衡的大面积探矿权真实的市场价值,值得推广。     

Comparison between Organic and Inorganic Matrices for RC Beams Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Sheets

The objective of this paper is to study and compare the performance of concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber sheets bonded with inorganic and organic resin matrices. The experimental study consisted of testing two groups of steel-reinforced concrete beams. The first group of beams was strengthened with carbon fiber sheets bonded with an organic matrix, and the second with carbon fiber sheets bonded with an inorganic matrix. The first group of beams was strengthened with 2, 3, and 4 layers of carbon fiber sheets, while the second group was strengthened with 2, 3, 4, and 5 layers of carbon fiber sheets. Strength, stiffness, ductility, deflection, failure pattern, and cracking of beams strengthened with the two systems were compared. Results showed that the inorganic matrix system is as effective in increasing strength and stiffness of reinforced concrete beams as the organic matrix. The failure mechanism of the inorganic system, however, seems more brittle. The failure of beams strengthened with inorganic matrix showed crack formation in the composite and a minimum buildup of strain along the interface of the composite and concrete. Analytical models were proposed to predict deflection and moment capacity of the strengthened beams. The experimental values compared well with those predicted by the analytical models.     

不同类型烧结矿随碱度变化的矿相结构研究

采用偏光显微镜对不同碱度不同类型烧结矿矿相结构进行系统研究。结果表明:磁铁矿型及赤铁矿型烧结矿金属相为磁铁矿及赤铁矿,而含钛型烧结矿出现钙钛矿;不同类型烧结矿黏结相均为铁酸钙、硅酸二钙及玻璃质。随碱度的增加,不同类型烧结矿金属相含量降低,黏结相含量增加,且铁酸钙含量增加明显;显微结构逐渐均匀化,磁铁矿型及赤铁矿型烧结矿由斑状结构过渡为交织熔蚀结构,钒钛型烧结矿由钛磁铁矿及钙钛矿共同分布结构过渡为熔蚀结构。     

Can bipolar disorder-specific neuropsychological impairments in children be identified?

This study examined neuropsychological deficits among children with bipolar disorder while attending to its comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Seventy-three unmedicated children (ages 6-17 years) with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) bipolar disorder plus ADHD (BPD + ADHD) were compared with 102 unmedicated children with ADHD without bipolar disorder, and 120 children without bipolar disorder or ADHD. Ninety-four percent of participants were Caucasian, 58% were male, and 42% were female. On average participants were of middle to upper socioeconomic status. Participants were assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and measures of academic achievement, school failure, and special education placement. Participants with BPD + ADHD and with ADHD were impaired in interference control, verbal learning, and arithmetic achievement and had higher rates of special school services. Across all of the measures of neuropsychological functioning, the only difference observed between youths with BPD + ADHD and youths with ADHD was that youths with BPD + ADHD performed more poorly on one measure of processing speed. Thus, comorbidity with ADHD may account for many of the neuropsychological deficits observed in children with bipolar disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

DD15单晶高温合金持久性能各向异性

研究了[001]、[011]和[111]3种不同取向的DD15单晶高温合金的热处理组织、980 ℃/300 MPa和1 150℃/120MPa的持久性能、持久断口和断裂组织.结果表明在与定向凝固方向垂直的截面上,3种取向合金具有明显不同的热处理组织形貌,γ'相的形状分别为规则的正方形、矩形和多边形.合金在980℃/30...