400-Mb/s QPSK Repeater for 20-GHz Digital Radio-Relay System

This paper describes the design and performance of a repeater for a 20-GHz high-speed digital radio-relay system with a transmission capacity of 400 Mb/s. The repeater is totally solid state for miniaturization, high reliability and economy with the adoption of microwave IC's, monolithic lC's, and direct oscillation by Gunn diodes in the 20-GHz band. The modulation and demodulation techniques of the repeater employ QPSK, which has a theoretical advantage over FSK, DPSK, or ASK in error rate performance, considering spectrum utilization. The error rate performance is further improved by using a simple digital equalization for intersymbol interference. The error rate performance of this system was measured. From the test results, it became evident that the equivalent carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) degradation of error rate performance at a 10/sup -6/ error rate was about 5 dB under fixed temperature conditions and that the equivalent C/N degradation due to a -10/spl deg/C to +45/spl deg/C temperature variation was only 1 dB. The experimental 13-hop system employing the repeaters has been operating stably since April 1973.     

一种基于MSK调制的直扩/跳频系统设计与实现

基于MSK调制的直扩/跳频混合扩频通信系统不仅具有较高的抗干扰性和保密性,还具备较好的频带利用率和误码性能。结合直扩/跳频混合扩频系统和MSK调制的原理和特点,设计了一种基于MSK调制的直扩/跳频混合扩频通信系统,给出了系统构成、工作原理和相关算法,并搭建硬件平台对其解调性能进行仿真分析,得出系统采用部分匹配滤波法进行解调是比较可行的结论。     

Modulation à 16 états obtenue par filtrage à bande latérale résiduelle d’une modulation à 4 niveaux

The simplified MAMSKmodulation described in this paper is obtained by linear filtering of a 4-level amplitude modulation of rectangular type. As for the simplified mskmodulation, the emission filter gives the second dimension of the transmitted signals and transforms the 4-level modulation into a 16-state modulation. The demodulation can be implemented with a matched filter followed by a coherent demodulator. In the first part of this paper, the modulation procedure is described. The spectral density and the error rate in the presence of noise are given. In CCETT Laboratories, a modem has been realized at a data rate of 4.096 Mbit/s and performs at 1 dB of the theoretical results.     

用DSP实现基于802.16a的OFDM调制解调

正交频分复用(OFDM)技术是当今高速无线通信领域中的研究与应用热点,它具有抗多径衰落、频谱利用率高、采用自适应调制等优点,被普遍认为是宽带无线接入和第四代移动通信系统中的关键技术之一。研究了基于802.16a的OFDM技术,利用TMS320C6201实现了其基带调制解调,并对软件模块进行了优化,最高数据传输速率可达1.32Mbit/s。     

位置报告系统用声表面波可程序MSK调制解调组件

介绍了声表面波可程序MSK调制解调组件设计及工作原理，该产品用于位置报告系统，完成对MSK信号的扩频调制解调以及对信息的差分相干解调，不需提取载波及恢复时钟等处理，提高了系统抗干扰能力和实时处理速度。同时由于扩频码序列随时可变，大大提高了系统保密性能。与其他技术相比，具有独特的优势，有很好的应用前景。     

Two-channel coherent optical FDM transmission system with a new frequency stabilisation scheme

A two-channel 140 Mbit/s coherent optical FDM transmission system with a new frequency stabilisation scheme has been developed. In this scheme, low frequency modulation is applied to transmitter laser diodes to lock them at the resonances of a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and a high speed IF AFC circuit is used to eliminate the system performance degradation due to this low frequency modulation. The measured BER is 10/sup -9/ for a received signal power of -41 dBm and no crosstalk between channels is observed with a channel spacing of 4.0 GHz.<>     

Generalized minimum shift-keying modulation techniques

The simultaneous data demodulation and phase tracking of an MSK signal using the Viterbi algorithm is described, and two variations of MSK modulation are studied. The MSK with overlay is a dual-rate modulation techniques in which low-rate and high-rate data are superimposed on an MSK signal. Here the demodulator uses the Viterbi algorithm to estimate both the low-rate and high-rate data simultaneously. The MSK with pseudorandom sequence spreading combats intentional or unintentional jamming. A simplified receiver for these spread-spectrum MSK signals is found that takes into consideration the effect of random phase perturbations. The performance of these demodulators is evaluated using transfer-function bounds for the bit error probability. For demodulation of the spread spectrum MSK signal, a simplified receiver is derived, and its performance in the presence of continuous jamming is evaluated     

Conversion and Matched Filter Approximations for Serial Minimum-Shift Keyed Modulation

Serial minimum-shift keyed (MSK) modulation, a technique for generating and detecting MSK using series filtering, is ideally suited for high data rate applications provided the required conversion and matched filters can be closely approximated. Lowpass implementations of these filters as parallel inphase- and quadrature-mixer structures are characterized in this paper in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation from ideal and envelope deviation. Several hardware implementation techniques utilizing microwave devices or lumped elements are presented. Optimization of parameter values results in realizations whose SNR degradation is less than 0.5 dB at error probabilities of 10^-6.     

BER performance evaluation for CPFSK phase and polarizationdiversity coherent optical receivers

The following methods of continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) signal demodulation are compared for phase and polarization diversity receivers: single filter, dual filter, delay and multiply. Bit error rate (BER) values are obtained in each case showing that for negligible laser linewidths the delay demodulation method outperforms the dual-filter method by approximately 3 dB, and the single-filter method by 6 dB. Since the noise bandwidth for minimum-shift keying (MSK) and delay demodulation is approximately twice as small as for the other methods, one should add another 3 dB to get the gain for that modulation/demodulation method. The influences of nonzero laser linewidth, noise correlation, and the nonGaussian character of the probability density functions of the noise at the sampler are taken into account     

一种新型的基于块自适应滤波的MSK信号解调技术

本文针对MSK调制信号在军用和民用领域都得到了广泛应用的这一事实,首先简单地分析了MSK信号非相干解调性能和差分解调性能的不足.然后根据MSK数字调制信号的特点,将频域块自适应滤波技术和码元FFT求模判决算法相结合,提出了一种新型的MSK信号数字解调算法.最后在详细阐述新型MSK信号解调算法的基础上,利用计算机基于蒙特卡洛方法对新算法的解调性能进行了性能仿真,并对仿真结果进行了较为详细的分析.计算机仿真结果表明该新算法不仅简单有效,而且对噪声有很好的抑制作用.与经典的非相干解调和差分解调相比,该新算法具有较低的解调误比特率和较低的频偏敏感度,并且解调性能得到了明显的提高,具有一定的实际应用价值.     

光分组交换系统中载波抑制光标签的研究

为了研究高带宽利用率和大容量的光分组交换系统,对载波抑制调制原理进行理论分析,提出了一种载波抑制调制光标签的方案,并对基于载波抑制调制的光标签系统进行了仿真分析和实验研究。结果表明,载波抑制光标签的中心载波抑制比达到21.3dB;在622Mbit/s和1.25Gbit/s的标签调制速率下,系统传输距离超过40km时,依然能保持低于10-10的误比特率;以误比特率10-10为标准,在传输距离为40km时,两种标签调制速率的功率代价分别为1.7dB和1.9dB。此结果说明载波抑制光标签在光分组交换系统中具有串扰小、功率代价低等特点,信号质量好,适合远距离传输。     

Iterative decoding of serially concatenated convolutional codes andMSK

The performance of iterative decoding and demodulation of serially concatenated convolutional codes and minimum shift keying (MSK) is studied. It is shown that by appropriately combining the trellises of MSK and the inner code, a high performance coded modulation system can be achieved. Simulation results also confirms that recursive inner codes are essential for a serially concatenated system     

高斯最小频移键控的实现方法研究和仿真

对无线移动通信中广泛应用的调制方式—高斯最小频移键控(GMSK)做了详细的研究。分析了高斯最小频移键控的理论,给出了高斯最小频移键控调制和解调的工作原理,并且基于动态系统仿真软件SystemView对该系统进行了计算机仿真。在此基础上,利用SystemView提供的分析工具就高斯最小频移键控的功率谱密度和抗噪声性能和最小频移键控(MSK)做了对比分析,得出了一般结论。     

MSK在电力线数字传输系统中的实现

提出了采用MSK作为调制解调技术的载波通信系统，设计了基于高速数字信号处理器、大规模可编程器件，数字频率合成、软件解调的全数字通信模块，来实现低压电力线上较为可靠的中低速数据传输。经实测与分析表明，本系统性能优越、抗干扰能力强、可靠性好，可用于配网自动化、自动抄表、工业控制等对通信可靠性要求较高的中、低速数据传输场合。     

Dégradation de la qualité due aux trajets multiples dans un système a transmission numérique a quatre états de phase

A study is made on the effect of propagation on digital transmission based on two series of measurements made with four phase shift keying and differential demodulation equipment at bit rates of 38.8 and 216 Mbit/s. Degradation due to selectivities of attenuation caused by multipath propagation is inferred for both experiments : whereas the degradation is low at 38.8 Mbit/s, it becomes very large at 216 Mbit/s. The results are interpreted and commented upon. By taking a dual beam model, a calculation is made for degradation due to propagation under multipath conditions, as a function of the delay of the reflected beam.     

MSK信号的最大似然非相干检测算法研究

针对最小频移键控(MSK)信号,本文研究了一种性能优异的低复杂度最大似然非相干检测(MLNCD)接收模型,通过利用有限的几个符号构成的观测序列检测中间符号解调信息。本文给出了MLNCD模型的判决表达式,并推导了基于MLNCD算法的MSK信号软解调简化表达式,降低了实现复杂度。本文还仿真分析了采用MLNCD算法的无编码MSK系统和有编码MSK系统的误码率(BER)性能,结果表明MLNCD算法比传统MSK非相干解调算法具有显著的BER性能优势,与MSK相干解调性能接近,而且软信息的简化几乎没有造成系统性能损失。      

数字中频调制解调系统的设计与实现

为了实现MSK数字调制解调、扩频解扩等复杂算法,设计了以TMS320C6416 DSP和Altera公司FPGAEP3SE110为核心的数字中频调制解调系统,并在此系统中成功实现MSK数字正交调制和MSK复相关解调等复杂运算。该系统的硬件架构,对工程实践数字中频调制解调系统有一定的指导意义。     

Performance evaluation of 2.5 Gbit/s and 5 Gbit/s optical wireless systems employing a two dimensional adaptive beam clustering method and imaging diversity detection

Previous indoor mobile optical wireless systems operated typically at 30 Mbit/s to 100 Mbit/s and here we report on systems that operate at 2.5 Gbit/s and 5 Gbit/s. We are able to achieve these improvements through the introduction of three new approaches: transmit beam power adaptation, a two dimensional beam clustering method (2DBCM), and diversity imaging. Through channel and noise modeling we evaluated the performance of our systems. The performance of a novel optical wireless (OW) configuration that employs a two dimensional adaptive beam clustering method (2DABCM) in conjunction with imaging diversity receivers is evaluated under multipath dispersion and background noise (BN) impairments. The new proposed system (2DABCM transmitter with imaging diversity receiver) can help reduce the effect of intersymbol interference and improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) even at high bit rate. At a bit rate of 30 Mbit/s, previous work has shown that imaging conventional diffuse systems (CDS) with maximal ratio combining (MRC) offer 22 dB better SNR than the non-imaging CDS. Our results indicate that the 2DABCM system with an imaging diversity receiver provides an SNR improvement of 45 dB over the imaging CDS with MRC when both operate at 30 Mbit/s. In the CDS system, an increase in bandwidth from 38 MHz (non-imaging CDS) to 200 MHz approximately, is achieved when an imaging receiver is implemented. Furthermore, the three new methods introduced increase the bandwidth from 38 MHz to 5.56 GHz. At the least successful receiver locations, our 2.5 Gbit/s and 5 Gbit/s imaging 2DABCM systems with MRC offer significant SNR improvements, almost 26 dB and 19 dB respectively over the non-imaging CDS that operates at 30 Mbit/s.     

基于FPGA的MSK调制与解调器的设计与实现

对 MSK 数字调制解调的原理进行了阐述，给出了适于信息为突发脉冲串式传输的 MSK 调制解调方法。根据这种方法，在 Altera 公司的 FPGA EP3SE110 上成功实现 MSK 数字调制解调等复杂算法。     

The effect of spurious intensity modulation in semiconductor diode lasers on the performance of optical heterodyne frequency shift-keyed communications systems

Analytical expressions are derived for the bit-error rate (BER) of anM-ary frequency shift-keyed (FSK), heterodyne, optical communication system with noncoherent demodulation in the presence of spurious intensity modulation (SIM) and frequency noise. The SIM degradation of an FSK system, implemented with semiconductor diode lasers, is estimated for lasers with zero and nonzero linewidths and will be discussed for a distributed feedback laser operating at 1.5μm and a channeled substrate planer laser operating at 0.83 μm. The SIM power penalty is typically less than 1 dB, but can exceed 1 dB for 2-, 4-, and 8-ary FSK at data rates above 1 Gbit/s.